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Lintott M, Perry A. Straightforward synthesis of N-arylindoles via one-pot Fischer indolisation-indole N-arylation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15993-15997. [PMID: 37250219 PMCID: PMC10214496 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A microwave-promoted, one-pot, three-component synthesis of N-arylindoles has been developed, utilising sequential Fischer indolisation then copper(i)-catalysed indole N-arylation. Novel arylation conditions were identified that use a simple and cheap catalyst/base system (Cu2O/K3PO4) in an environmentally benign solvent (ethanol), with no requirement for ligands, additives or exclusion of air or water, and microwave irradiation enabled significant acceleration of this commonly sluggish process. These conditions were designed to dovetail with Fischer indolisation, and the resulting one-pot, two-step sequence is rapid (total reaction time = 40 minutes), operationally straightforward, generally high yielding and it draws upon readily available hydrazine, ketone/aldehyde and aryl iodide building blocks. This process shows broad substrate tolerance and we have demonstrated its utility in the synthesis of 18 N-arylindoles bearing varied and useful functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Lintott
- Biosciences, University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK
| | - Alexis Perry
- Biosciences, University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK
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2
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Singh D, Singh P, Srivastava P, Kakkar D, Pathak M, Tiwari AK. Development and challenges in the discovery of 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 7 receptor ligands. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106254. [PMID: 36528920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a small molecule that acts both in the central and peripheral nervous system as a neurotransmitter and a hormone, respectively. Serotonin is synthesized via a multi-stage pathway beginning with l-tryptophan, which is converted by an enzyme called tryptophan hydroxylase into L-5-Hydroxytryptophan. It is well-known for its significance in the control of mood, anxiety, depression, and insomnia as well as in normal human functions such as sleep, sexual activity, and appetite. Thus, for medical chemists and pharmaceutical firms, serotonin is one of the most desirable targets. Among the seven different classes of serotonin receptors, the 5-HT1A was one of the first discovered serotonin receptors, and the 5-HT7 was the last addition to the serotonin receptor family. Both the classes were thoroughly examined. 5-HT1A neurotransmission-related dysfunctions are linked to many psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and movement disorders. 5-HT7 is a member of the cell surface receptor GPCR superfamily and is regulated by the serotonin neurotransmitter. It has been the focus of intensive research efforts since its discovery, which was prompted by its presence in functionally important regions of the brain. The thalamus and hypothalamus have the highest 5-HT7 receptor densities. They are also found in the hippocampus and cortex at higher densities. Thermoregulation, circadian rhythm, learning and memory, and sleep are all associated with the 5-HT7 receptor. It is also suspected that this receptor may be involved in the control of mood, indicating that it may be a beneficial target for depression treatment. Several differently structured molecules such as aminotetralins, ergolines, arylpiperazines, indolylalkylamines, aporphines, and aryloxyalkyl-amines are known to bind to 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor sites. In brain serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 are strongly co-expressed in regions involved in depression. However, their functional interaction has not been identified. An overview of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor ligands belonging to different chemical groups is mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Division of Radiological, Nuclear and Imaging Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Dipti Kakkar
- Division of Radiological, Nuclear and Imaging Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Yu C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of N-Arylindoles from 2-Alkenylanilines and Diazonaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones through Simultaneous Indole Construction and Aryl Introduction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7392-7404. [PMID: 35594494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthesis of N-arylindoles through the cascade reaction of 2-alkenylanilines with diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones is presented. Mechanistically, this reaction involves the generation of a Ru-carbene complex from diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-one, followed by carbene N-H bond insertion with 2-alkenylaniline, intramolecular cyclization, and oxidative aromatization. In this reaction, the Ru(II) complex acts as a multifunctional catalyst to promote not only the carbene formation but also the intramolecular cyclization and the dehydrogenative aromatization. Meanwhile, air acts as a green and cost-effective oxidant. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which N-arylindoles were synthesized through simultaneous introduction of the N-aryl unit and construction of the indole scaffold. Notable advantages of this method include readily accessible and halide-free substrates, additive-free reaction conditions, good efficiency, excellent atom economy, and compatibility with diverse functional groups. In addition, the utility of the product thus obtained was showcased by its diverse structural transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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4
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Shang Q, Tang H, Liu Y, Yin M, Su L, Xie S, Liu L, Yang W, Chen Y, Dong J, Zhou Y, Yin SF. Cu(i) catalysis for selective condensation/bicycloaromatization of two different arylalkynes: direct and general construction of functionalized C-N axial biaryl compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 13:263-273. [PMID: 35059176 PMCID: PMC8694356 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective condensation/bicycloaromatization of two different arylalkynes is firstly developed under ligand-free copper(i)-catalysis, which allows the direct synthesis of C-N axial biaryl compounds in high yields with excellent selectivity and functional group tolerance. Due to the critical effects of Cu(i) catalyst and HFIP, many easily occurring undesired reactions are suppressed, and the coupled five-six aromatic rings are constructed via the selective formation of two C(sp2)-N(sp2) bonds and four C(sp2)-C(sp2) bonds. The achievement of moderate enantioselectivity verifies its potential for the simplest asymmetric synthesis of atropoisomeric biaryls. Western blotting demonstrated that the newly developed compounds are promising targets in biology and pharmaceuticals. This unique reaction can construct structurally diverse C-N axial biaryl compounds that have never been reported by other methods, and might be extended to various applications in materials, chemistry, biology, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Haifang Tang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Yongping Liu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 China
| | - MingMing Yin
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 China
| | - Lebin Su
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Shimin Xie
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Wen Yang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- Department of Educational Science, Hunan First Normal University Changsha 410205 China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
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Thirumaran SL, Lepailleur A, Rochais C. Structure-activity relationships of serotonin 5-HT7 receptors ligands: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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6
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Blattner KM, Canney DJ, Pippin DA, Blass BE. Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of the 5-HT 7 Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:89-119. [PMID: 30020772 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that serotonin (5-HT) exerts its pharmacological effects through a series of 5-HT receptors. The most recently identified member of this family, 5-HT7, was first identified in 1993. Over the course of the last 25 years, this receptor has been the subject of intense investigation, and it has been demonstrated that 5-HT7 plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. As a result of these findings, modulation of 5-HT7 activity has been the focus of numerous drug discovery and development programs. This review provides an overview of the roles of 5-HT7 in normal physiology and the therapeutic potential of this interesting drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Blattner
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Daniel J. Canney
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Douglas A. Pippin
- Praeventix, LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 200H, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Blass
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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7
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Modica MN, Lacivita E, Intagliata S, Salerno L, Romeo G, Pittalà V, Leopoldo M. Structure-Activity Relationships and Therapeutic Potentials of 5-HT 7 Receptor Ligands: An Update. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8475-8503. [PMID: 29767995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) has been the subject of intense research efforts because of its presence in brain areas such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex. Preclinical data link the 5-HT7R to a variety of central nervous system processes including the regulation of circadian rhythms, mood, cognition, pain processing, and mechanisms of addiction. 5-HT7R blockade has antidepressant effects and may ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. 5-HT7R has been recently shown to modulate neuronal morphology, excitability, and plasticity, thus contributing to shape brain networks during development and to remodel neuronal wiring in the mature brain. Therefore, the activation of 5-HT7R has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with abnormal neuronal connectivity. This Perspective celebrates the silver jubilee of the discovery of 5-HT7R by providing a survey of recent studies on the medicinal chemistry of 5-HT7R ligands and on the neuropharmacology of 5-HT7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Modica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Medical Science Building, 1345 Center Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
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8
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Wei JJ, Song WB, Zhu YF, Wei BL, Xuan LJ. N,N-dimethyl-d-glucosamine as an efficient ligand for copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of N-H heterocycles with aryl halides. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Pradhan S, De PB, Punniyamurthy T. Copper(II)-Mediated Chelation-Assisted Regioselective N-Naphthylation of Indoles, Pyrazoles and Pyrrole through Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4883-4890. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
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10
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Chowdhury H, Goswami A. A Quick Access to 1-(2-Pyridyl)indolesviaSolvent-Free Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Chemo- and Regioselective [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of α,ω-Diynes andN-Cyanoindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Ropar; Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001 India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Ropar; Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001 India
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11
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Ofori E, Zhu XY, Etukala JR, Bricker BA, Ablordeppey SY. Synthesis and evaluation of the structural elements in alkylated tetrahydroisoquinolines for binding to CNS receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5730-5740. [PMID: 27717652 PMCID: PMC5079764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the CNS are often complex and involve multiple receptor systems and thus, the treatment options for these diseases must focus on targeting the multiple receptors implicated in the various disorders. Schizophrenia and depression are examples of such diseases and their pharmacotherapy thus depends on agents which target multiple receptors including the dopamine, serotonin and even cholinergic receptors at the same time. In our previous campaign to find multi-receptor ligands, we have identified the benzothiazole 1a as an initial lead molecule. In the current work, we have expanded the structure affinity relationship (SAFIR) of 1a resulting in the identification of a partially restrained butyrophenone 3j as a potent and selective dual 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor ligand. It is expected that compound 3j may serve as a new lead for further development in our search for newer and novel ligands with the potential to treat diseases of CNS origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ofori
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Xue Y Zhu
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Jagan R Etukala
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Barbara A Bricker
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Seth Y Ablordeppey
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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12
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Chowdhury H, Chatterjee N, Goswami A. An Eco-Friendly Route toN-Arylindoles by Iron-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes with (Indol-1-yl)alkynes. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Buonfiglio R, Engkvist O, Várkonyi P, Henz A, Vikeved E, Backlund A, Kogej T. Investigating Pharmacological Similarity by Charting Chemical Space. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:2375-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Buonfiglio
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Péter Várkonyi
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Astrid Henz
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC box 574, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Vikeved
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC box 574, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Backlund
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC box 574, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thierry Kogej
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
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14
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Patil PH, Nallasivam JL, Fernandes RA. Unimolecular 4-Hydroxypiperidines: New Ligands for Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya H. Patil
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institution of Technology Bombay; Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Jothi L. Nallasivam
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institution of Technology Bombay; Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institution of Technology Bombay; Mumbai 400 076 India
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