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Khan N, Uribe Isaza J, Rouhi N, Jamani NF, Jabeen S, Gill AK, Tsutsui M, Visser F, Sargin D. Behavioral and Neurophysiological Implications of Pathological Human Tau Expression in Serotonin Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:932-943. [PMID: 38377680 PMCID: PMC10921395 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that results in a severe loss of brain cells and irreversible cognitive decline. Memory problems are the most recognized symptoms of AD. However, approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with AD suffer from behavioral symptoms, including mood changes and social impairment years before cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is among the initial regions that show tau pathology, which is a hallmark feature of AD. The DRN harbors serotonin (5-HT) neurons, which are critically involved in mood, social, and cognitive regulation. Serotonergic impairment early in the disease process may contribute to behavioral symptoms in AD. However, the mechanisms underlying vulnerability and contribution of the 5-HT system to AD progression remain unknown. Here, we performed behavioral and electrophysiological characterizations in mice expressing a phosphorylation-prone form of human tau (hTauP301L) in 5-HT neurons. We found that pathological tau expression in 5-HT neurons induces anxiety-like behavior and alterations in stress-coping strategies in female and male mice. Female mice also exhibited social disinhibition and mild cognitive impairment in response to 5-HT neuron-specific hTauP301L expression. Behavioral alterations were accompanied by disrupted 5-HT neuron physiology in female and male hTauP301L expressing mice with exacerbated excitability disruption in females only. These data provide mechanistic insights into the brain systems and symptoms impaired early in AD progression, which is critical for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmus
S. Khan
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Juan Uribe Isaza
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nahid Rouhi
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Naila F. Jamani
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shaista Jabeen
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amisha K. Gill
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mio Tsutsui
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Frank Visser
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derya Sargin
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Zhao X, Li J, Niu Y, Hossain Z, Gao X, Bai X, Mao T, Qi G, He F. Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17061. [PMID: 38069387 PMCID: PMC10707020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT), an indoleamine compound, has been known to mediate many physiological responses of plants under environmental stress. The deep-seeding (≥20 cm) of maize seeds is an important cultivation strategy to ensure seedling emergence and survival under drought stress. However, the role of 5-HT in maize deep-seeding tolerance remains unexplored. Understanding the mechanisms and evaluating the optimal concentration of 5-HT in alleviating deep-seeding stress could benefit maize production. In this study, two maize inbred lines were treated with or without 5-HT at both sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The effects of different concentrations of 5-HT on the growth phenotypes, physiological metabolism, and gene expression of two maize inbred lines were examined at the sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm. Compared to the normal seedling depth of 3 cm, the elongation of the mesocotyl (average elongation 3.70 cm) and coleoptile (average elongation 0.58 cm), secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; average increased 3.73 and 0.63 ng g-1 FW), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; average increased 1.95 and 0.63 μM g-1 FW) in the mesocotyl and coleoptile were increased under 20 cm stress, with a concomitant decrease in lignin synthesis (average decreased 0.48 and 0.53 A280 g-1). Under 20 cm deep-seeding stress, the addition of 5-HT activated the expression of multiple genes of IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction, including Zm00001d049601, Zm00001d039346, Zm00001d026530, and Zm00001d049659, and it also stimulated IAA production in both the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. On the contrary, 5-HT suppressed the expression of genes for lignin biosynthesis (Zm00001d016471, Zm00001d005998, Zm00001d032152, and Zm00001d053554) and retarded the accumulation of H2O2 and lignin, resulting in the elongation of the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. A comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that the optimum concentration of 5-HT in relieving deep-seeding stress was 2.5 mg/L for both inbred lines, and 5-HT therefore could improve the seedling emergence rate and alleviate deep-seeding stress in maize seedlings. These findings could provide a novel strategy for improving maize deep-seeding tolerance, thus enhancing yield potential under drought and water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Yining Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada;
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Taotao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Guoxiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Fuqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
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3
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Lin F, Wang X, Luo R, Yuan B, Ye S, Yang T, Xiao L, Chen J. Maternal LPS Exposure Enhances the 5-HT Level in the Prefrontal Cortex of Autism-like Young Offspring. Brain Sci 2023; 13:958. [PMID: 37371436 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social interactions, impaired communication, and stereotyped behavior. The aim of this research is to investigate the changes in serotonin (5-HT) in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) of autism-like offspring induced by maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to establish an autism-like model in their offspring. Offspring prenatally exposed to LPS showed autism-like behavior. The serotonin level in the mPFC of 2-week-old offspring was noticeably increased after maternal LPS exposure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways related to tryptophan metabolism and the serotonin system, as shown in RNA-seq findings. Consistently, tryptophan and serotonin metabolisms were altered in 2-week-old LPS-exposed offspring. The mRNA expression levels of 5-HT catabolic enzymes were remarkably reduced or tended to decrease. Moreover, maternal LPS exposure resulted in a higher serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR) expression level in the mPFC but no difference in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) or serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). The concentrations of 5-HT in serum and colon were increased in LPS-exposed offspring. Meanwhile, the expression level of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in the colon was increased after maternal LPS treatment, whereas SERT was reduced. Furthermore, Golgi-Cox staining showed that neuronal dendritic length and spine density were significantly reduced in the mPFC of LPS-exposed offspring. The current study reveals that maternal LPS treatment resulted in an exaltation of the 5-HT of mPFC in ASD-like young rats, which may partly be caused by the abnormal elevation of 5-HT metabolism in its colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Ruifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Binlin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
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4
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de la Fuente Revenga M, Zhu B, Guevara CA, Naler LB, Saunders JM, Zhou Z, Toneatti R, Sierra S, Wolstenholme JT, Beardsley PM, Huntley GW, Lu C, González-Maeso J. Prolonged epigenomic and synaptic plasticity alterations following single exposure to a psychedelic in mice. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109836. [PMID: 34686347 PMCID: PMC8582597 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that rapid and sustained antidepressant action can be attained with a single exposure to psychedelics. However, the biological substrates and key mediators of psychedelics' enduring action remain unknown. Here, we show that a single administration of the psychedelic DOI produces fast-acting effects on frontal cortex dendritic spine structure and acceleration of fear extinction via the 5-HT2A receptor. Additionally, a single dose of DOI leads to changes in chromatin organization, particularly at enhancer regions of genes involved in synaptic assembly that stretch for days after the psychedelic exposure. These DOI-induced alterations in the neuronal epigenome overlap with genetic loci associated with schizophrenia, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Together, these data support that epigenomic-driven changes in synaptic plasticity sustain psychedelics' long-lasting antidepressant action but also warn about potential substrate overlap with genetic risks for certain psychiatric conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Amphetamines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Dendritic Spines/drug effects
- Dendritic Spines/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Epigenome/drug effects
- Epigenomics
- Extinction, Psychological/drug effects
- Fear/drug effects
- Frontal Lobe/drug effects
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Hallucinogens/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Bohan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher A Guevara
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Justin M Saunders
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rudy Toneatti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Salvador Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer T Wolstenholme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - George W Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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5
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Jørgensen LM, Henriksen T, Mardosiene S, Keller SH, Stenbæk DS, Hansen HD, Jespersen B, Thomsen C, Weikop P, Svarer C, Knudsen GM. Parkinson patients have a presynaptic serotonergic deficit: A dynamic deep brain stimulation PET study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1954-1963. [PMID: 33461410 PMCID: PMC8327106 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20982389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from non-motor symptoms, which may be caused by serotonergic dysfunction. Apart from alleviating the motor symptoms, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also influence non-motor symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate how turning DBS off affects the serotonergic system. We here exploit a novel functional PET neuroimaging methodology to evaluate the preservation of serotonergic neurons and capacity to release serotonin. We measured cerebral 5-HT1BR binding in 13 DBS-STN treated PD patients, at baseline and after turning DBS off. Ten age-matched volunteers served as controls. Clinical measures of motor symptoms were assessed under the two conditions and correlated to the PET measures of the static and dynamic integrity of the serotonergic system. PD patients exhibited a significant loss of frontal and parietal 5-HT1BR, and the loss was significantly correlated to motor symptom severity. We saw a corresponding release of serotonin, but only in brain regions with preserved 5-HT1BR, suggesting the presence of a presynaptic serotonergic deficit. Our study demonstrates that DBS-STN dynamically regulates the serotonin system in PD, and that preservation of serotonergic functions may be predictive of DBS-STN effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Jørgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Henriksen
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sune H Keller
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Jespersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Thomsen
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Center for Advanced Imaging, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Pia Weikop
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Nedergaard Laboratory, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kelly AC, Kramer A, Rosario FJ, Powell TL, Jansson T. Inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling decreases levels of O-GlcNAc transferase and increases serotonin release in the human placenta. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3123-36. [PMID: 33215629 DOI: 10.1042/CS20201050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in placental function, in particular down-regulation of placental O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) in response to maternal stress and increased placental secretion of serotonin into the fetal circulation following maternal infection, have been mechanistically linked to adverse neurodevelopment in mice. We hypothesized that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a key regulator of trophoblast serotonin synthesis and OGT protein expression and that serotonin is secreted by the human placenta into the fetal circulation. Placental homogenates (n=46) from elective terminations at 8-22 weeks of gestation and from healthy-term women were sexed and the protein levels of OGT and enzymes involved in serotonin synthesis was determined. Primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells were isolated from normal term placenta (n=27), cultured and transfected (n=8) with siRNA targeting a scramble sequence (control), raptor (inhibits mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1)), or rictor (inhibits mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2)). Subsequently, conditioned media and PHT cell lysates were collected. Free serotonin concentration was measured using ELISA in cell culture media and in platelet-depleted normal term umbilical vein and artery plasma (n=38). Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition down-regulated OGT levels in PHT cells. The level of serotonin synthesis enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH-1) was higher in early gestation female placentas and at term serotonin concentration was three-fold higher in the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery. Inhibition of mTORC2, but not mTORC1, increased cultured PHT cell serotonin secretion. Our data are consistent with the model that mTOR signaling is a key regulator of trophoblast serotonin synthesis and OGT protein expression.
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7
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Abstract
Introduction: Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Fenfluramine recently demonstrated to be a highly efficacious and safe treatment option for DS patients. Fenfluramine has been recently approved by the FDA and EMA and is marketed as Fintepla®.Areas covered: DS and the need for additional anticonvulsive treatment options is discussed. The results of three placebo-controlled phase III studies (1 with and 2 without stiripentol) and 2 open label (extension) studies are reviewed. All studies demonstrate a consistent and impressive seizure reduction, confirming the results of two smaller investigator-initiated trials. The mechanism of action of fenfluramine is discussed. Finally, the place of fenfluramine in the future treatment of DS is outlined.Expert opinion: Fenfluramine has a potent anticonvulsive effect in DS. Although not yet fully elucidated, the anticonvulsive mechanism of fenfluramine seems to be mainly serotonergic. Fenfluramine is generally well tolerated. A dose reduction is necessary in combination with stiripentol. Considering new competitors, efficacy seems lower for cannabidiol and is comparable with stiripentol. Preclinical studies indicate a disease specific action and possible disease modification in DS. The latter would support the use of fenfluramine above its anticonvulsive effect and needs to be further elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Schoonjans
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Abstract
Taste perception has been reported to vary with changes in affective state. Distortions of taste perception, including blunted recognition thresholds, intensity, and hedonic ratings have been identified in those suffering from depressive disorders. Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter implicated in the etiology of anxiety and depression; systemic and peripheral manipulations of serotonin signaling have previously been shown to modulate taste detection. However, the specific effects of central serotonin function on taste processing have not been widely investigated. Here, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study, acute tryptophan depletion was used to investigate the effect of reduced central serotonin function on taste perception. Twenty-five female participants aged 18-28 attended the laboratory on two occasions at least 1 week apart. On one visit, they received a tryptophan depleting drink and on the other, a control drink was administered. Approximately, 6 h after drink consumption, they completed a taste perception task which measured detection thresholds and supra-threshold perceptions of the intensity and pleasantness of four basic tastes (sweet, sour, bitter, and salt). While acutely reducing central levels of serotonin had no effect on the detection thresholds of sweet, bitter, or sour tastes, it significantly enhanced detection of salt. For supra-threshold stimuli, acutely reduced serotonin levels significantly enhanced the perceived intensity of both bitter and sour tastes and blunted pleasantness ratings of bitter quinine. These findings show manipulation of central serotonin levels can modulate taste perception and are consistent with previous reports that depletion of central serotonin levels enhances neural and behavioral responsiveness to aversive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Smith
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula D Trotter
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francis P McGlone
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susannah C Walker
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Tseilikman V, Komelkova M, Lapshin M, Alliluev A, Tseilikman O, Karpenko M, Pestereva N, Manukhina E, Downey HF, Kondashevskaya M, Sarapultsev A, Dremencov E. High and low anxiety phenotypes in a rat model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder are associated with different alterations in regional brain monoamine neurotransmission. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104691. [PMID: 32361171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposure to predator scent stress (PSS) has been used as an animal model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). The aim of the current study was to assess brain monoamines and their primary metabolites concentrations in male Wistar rats (16 control, 19 exposed to chronic PSS). METHODS Rats were exposed to PSS for ten days. Fourteen days later, the rats' anxiety index (AI) was assessed with an elevated plus maze test; based on differences in AI, the rats were segregated into low- (AI ≤ 0.8, n = 9) and high- (AI > 0.8, n = 10) anxiety phenotypes. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Brain monoamines and their metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector. RESULTS PSS exposure led to a significant increase in average rats' AI and a reduction in plasma corticosterone levels. Medullar catecholamines and hippocampal and neocortical norepinephrine levels were increased, and pontine norepinephrine and cerebellar dopamine decreased in PSS-exposed rats. Cerebellar norepinephrine levels were increased, and midbrain, hippocampal, and neocortical 5-HT and hypothalamic and hippocampal dopamine levels-decreased in high-, but not in low-anxiety rats. The decrease in hippocampal dopamine levels was accompanied by an increase of DOPAC levels, suggesting and abnormal metabolism of this transmitter. CONCLUSION Reductions in 5-HT and dopamine in mid- and forebrain brain areas are associated with stress susceptibility in rodents and perhaps also with PTSD vulnerability in humans. Dopamine and 5-HT metabolism and its modulation by glucocorticoids appear to play a role in stress susceptibility and in CPTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Maria Komelkova
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Lapshin
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Anatoli Alliluev
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Olga Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Marina Karpenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina Pestereva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugenia Manukhina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - H Fred Downey
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology (IIP) of the Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia; Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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10
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Crispino M, Volpicelli F, Perrone-Capano C. Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E505. [PMID: 31941109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge on the plastic functions of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) in the brain physiology and pathology have advanced considerably in recent years. A wealth of data show that 5-HT7R is a key player in the establishment and remodeling of neuronal cytoarchitecture during development and in the mature brain, and its dysfunction is linked to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. The involvement of this receptor in synaptic plasticity is further demonstrated by data showing that its activation allows the rescue of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) deficits in various animal models of neurodevelopmental diseases. In addition, it is becoming clear that the 5-HT7R is involved in inflammatory intestinal diseases, modulates the function of immune cells, and is likely to play a role in the gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly focus on recent findings on this receptor’s role in the structural and synaptic plasticity of the mammalian brain, although we will also illustrate novel aspects highlighted in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and immune system.
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11
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Chu CH, Chen JS, Chuang PC, Su CH, Chan YL, Yang YJ, Chiang YT, Su YY, Gean PW, Sun HS. TIAM2S as a novel regulator for serotonin level enhances brain plasticity and locomotion behavior. FASEB J 2020; 34:3267-3288. [PMID: 31908036 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901323r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TIAM2S, the short form of human T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2, can have oncogenic effects when aberrantly expressed in the liver or lungs. However, it is also abundant in healthy, non-neoplastic brain tissue, in which its primary function is still unknown. Here, we examined the neurobiological and behavioral significance of human TIAM2S using the human brain protein panels, a human NT2/D1-derived neuronal cell line model (NT2/N), and transgenic mice that overexpress human TIAM2S (TIAM2S-TG). Our data reveal that TIAM2S exists primarily in neurons of the restricted brain areas around the limbic system and in well-differentiated NT2/N cells. Functional studies revealed that TIAM2S has no guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and is mainly located in the nucleus. Furthermore, whole-transcriptome and enrichment analysis with total RNA sequencing revealed that TIAM2S-knockdown (TIAM2S-KD) was strongly associated with the cellular processes of the brain structural development and differentiation, serotonin-related signaling, and the diseases markers representing neurobehavioral developmental disorders. Moreover, TIAM2S-KD cells display decreased neurite outgrowth and reduced serotonin levels. Moreover, TIAM2S overexpressing TG mice show increased number and length of serotonergic fibers at early postnatal stage, results in higher serotonin levels at both the serum and brain regions, and higher neuroplasticity and hyperlocomotion in latter adulthood. Taken together, our results illustrate the non-oncogenic functions of human TIAM2S and demonstrate that TIAM2S is a novel regulator of serotonin level, brain neuroplasticity, and locomotion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ya Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wu Gean
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Lv Q, Wu F, Gan X, Yang X, Zhou L, Chen J, He Y, Zhang R, Zhu B, Liu L. The Involvement of Descending Pain Inhibitory System in Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:38. [PMID: 31496944 PMCID: PMC6712431 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major health problem, which can impair quality of life and reduce productivity. Electroacupuncture (EA), a modality of medicine based on the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), presents great therapeutic effects on chronic pain. Its clinical application has gained increasing popularity, and in parallel, more research has been performed on the mechanisms of EA-induced analgesia. The past decades have seen enormous advances both in neuronal circuitry of needle-insertion and in its molecular mechanism. EA may block pain by activating the descending pain inhibitory system, which originates in the brainstem and terminates at the spinal cord. This review article synthesizes corresponding studies to elucidate how EA alleviate pain via the mediation of this descending system. Much emphasis has been put on the implication of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways in the process of pain modulation. Also, other important transmitters and supraspinal regions related to analgesic effects of EA have been demonstrated. Finally, it should be noticed that there exist some shortcomings involved in the animal experimental designed for EA, which account for conflicting results obtained by different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Lv
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Journal Center of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulun Gan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjia He
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bixiu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lanying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Yang Y, Lin D, Bao C, Huang H, Ye H. Serotonergic Mechanisms of Oocyte Germinal Vesicle Breakdown in the Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain. Front Physiol 2019; 10:797. [PMID: 31275175 PMCID: PMC6593242 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of serotonin (5-HT)-induced oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, was investigated in this study. Histological staining showed that there were two meiotic arrests in oocyte, appearing at prophase I and metaphase I. This result indicated that meiosis I arrest at prophase I in S. paramamosain was similar to that of vertebrates, but meiosis II arrest at metaphase I was different from that of vertebrates. Resumption of oocytes arrest at meiosis prophase I could be induced by 5-HT rapidly within 5 min in S. paramamosain. We obtained the sequence of the 5-HT receptor type 1A (5-HTR1A) from the NCBI database, and found that 5-HTR1A was expressed in oocytes and follicle cells. In addition, we found that an agonist 8-OH-DPAT which binds 5-HTR1A induced GVBD and an antagonist WAY100635 which inhibited 5-HT induced GVBD in S. paramamosain. This result showed that 5-HTR1A mediated the regulation of oocyte GVBD by 5-HT. To explore the functional mechanism of 5-HT in inducing oocyte GVBD, forskolin, a cAMP agonist was used. Results showed that, forskolin significantly blocked 5-HT-induced GVBD, and there was a negative correlation between GVBD rate and cAMP level. Our data indicate that there are two meiotic arrests in S. paramamosain, and the resumption of prophase I arrest can be induced by 5-HT, which binds to 5-HTR1A, and this process is mediated by cAMP, which acts as negative regulator via cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huiyang Huang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Abstract
It is well-documented that serotonin (5-HT) exerts its pharmacological effects through a series of 5-HT receptors. The most recently identified member of this family, 5-HT7, was first identified in 1993. Over the course of the last 25 years, this receptor has been the subject of intense investigation, and it has been demonstrated that 5-HT7 plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. As a result of these findings, modulation of 5-HT7 activity has been the focus of numerous drug discovery and development programs. This review provides an overview of the roles of 5-HT7 in normal physiology and the therapeutic potential of this interesting drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Blattner
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Daniel J. Canney
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Douglas A. Pippin
- Praeventix, LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 200H, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Blass
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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15
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Fan X, Guo W. Dysfunction in Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Systems and Somatic Symptoms in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:286. [PMID: 31178761 PMCID: PMC6537908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic symptoms include a range of physical experiences, such as pain, muscle tension, body shaking, difficulty in breathing, heart palpitation, blushing, fatigue, and sweating. Somatic symptoms are common in major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and some other psychiatric disorders. However, the etiology of somatic symptoms remains unclear. Somatic symptoms could be a response to emotional distress in patients with those psychiatric conditions. Increasing evidence supports the role of aberrant serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in somatic symptoms. The physiological alterations underlying diminished serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) signaling may contribute to impaired signal transduction, reduced 5-HT, or NE release from terminals of presynaptic neurons, and result in alternations in function and/or number of receptors and changes in intracellular signal processing. Multiple resources of data support each of these mechanisms. Animal models have shown physiological responses, similar to somatic symptoms seen in psychiatric patients, after manipulations of 5-HT and NE neurotransmission. Human genetic studies have identified many single-nucleotide polymorphisms risk loci associated with somatic symptoms. Several neuroimaging findings support that somatic symptoms are possibly associated with a state of reduced receptor binding. This narrative literature review aimed to discuss the involvement of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the pathophysiology of somatic symptoms. Future research combining neuroimaging techniques and genetic analysis to further elucidate the biological mechanisms of somatic symptoms and to develop novel treatment strategies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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16
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Tu Q, Shi J, Yu H, Zhang S, Gu S, Gan J. [Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative analgesia of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2018; 38:711-5. [PMID: 30014664 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative analgesia of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. METHODS One hundred and twenty adult patients, American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled to ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each one. The patients in the observation group were treated with TEAS for postoperative analgesia. TEAS was implemented at bilateral Shenshu (BL 23) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) at the time of back ward and postoperative 4 h, 8 h, 12 h. TEAS at 7:00, 11:00 and 15:00 at the above acupoints were used on the second and third days; while placebo (twice a day, 100 mg a time) was used. Tramadol hydrochloride tablets for postoperative analgesia were applied in the contnol group, twice a day, 100 mg a time, and electrode sheets without stimulation were put on Shenshu (BL 23) and Yinlingquan (SP 9). When analgesia was insufficient with the score of visual analogue scale (VAS)≥3, the patients were treated with tramadol tablets for remedy analgesia. The VAS score, the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP) in 3 mL venous blood at the time of back ward (T0), postoperative 4 h (T1), 12 h (T2), 24 h (T3), and 48 h (T4) were detected respectively. The total amount of medication for remedy analgesia and the incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea and vomiting within postoperative 48 h were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The VAS scores at T1 through T4 were lower than those at T0 in the two groups (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the VAS scores at T1 through T3 in the observation group were lower (all P<0.05). The total dose of remedy analgesic medicine within 48 h after operation in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of 5-HT at T1, T2, T4 and SP at T1 through T4 were lower (all P<0.05). The numbers of constipation, nausea and vomiting in the observation group were less than those in the control group (both P<0.05). CONCLUSION TEAS can relieve the pain and reduce the total amount of analgesic medicine, the levels of substance causing pain and the incidence of adverse reactions after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology,the Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinlin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology,the Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology,the Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology,the Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuhan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology,the Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianhui Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology,the Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
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17
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Deryabina IB, Muranova LN, Andrianov VV, Gainutdinov KL. Impairing of Serotonin Synthesis by P-Chlorphenylanine Prevents the Forgetting of Contextual Memory After Reminder and the Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:607. [PMID: 29946257 PMCID: PMC6005873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTSThe injection of p-chlorophenylalanine, specific blocker of 5-HT synthesis 3 days before reminder with anisomycin administration prevented forgetting.
It is known that the reminder cause reactivation of the long-term memory and it leads to reconsolidation of memory. We showed earlier that the disruption of the reconsolidation of contextual memory in terrestrial snail was caused by anisomycin, the inhibitor of protein syntheses (Gainutdinova et al., 2005; Balaban et al., 2014). In this paper we investigated the possible changes of the memory reconsolidation under the conditions of serotonin deficit, caused by administration of p-chlorophenylalanine, the inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase synthesis (intermediate stage of the synthesis of serotonin). It was shown that the forgetting process for contextual memory after reminder and inhibition of protein synthesis did not occur if the serotonin transmission in nervous system was impaired. This effect was significantly different from the direct action of anisomycin, which blocked the reconsolidation of contextual memory. We concluded that the serotonin system was included to the process of memory reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Deryabina
- Laboratory of Neuroreabilitation of Motor Disorders, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Lyudmila N Muranova
- Laboratory of Neuroreabilitation of Motor Disorders, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Andrianov
- Laboratory of Neuroreabilitation of Motor Disorders, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Khalil L Gainutdinov
- Laboratory of Neuroreabilitation of Motor Disorders, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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18
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Vermeiren Y, Janssens J, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. Serotonergic Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease: Similar Mechanisms, Dissimilar Outcomes. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:185. [PMID: 29615862 PMCID: PMC5869258 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share similar pathophysiological mechanisms. From a neurochemical point of view, the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) dysfunction in both movement disorders—related to probable lesioning of the raphe nuclei—is profound, and, therefore, may be partially responsible for motor as well as non-motor disturbances. More specifically, in ALS, it has been hypothesized that serotonergic denervation leads to loss of its inhibitory control on glutamate release, resulting into glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in lower and/or upper motor neurons, combined with a detrimental decrease of its facilitatory effects on glutamatergic motor neuron excitation. Both events then may eventually give rise to the well-known clinical motor phenotype. Similarly, disruption of the organized serotonergic control on complex mesencephalic dopaminergic connections between basal ganglia (BG) nuclei and across the BG-cortico-thalamic circuits, has shown to be closely involved in the onset of parkinsonian symptoms. Levodopa (L-DOPA) therapy in PD largely seems to confirm the influential role of 5-HT, since serotonergic rather than dopaminergic projections release L-DOPA-derived dopamine, particularly in extrastriatal regions, emphasizing the strongly interwoven interactions between both monoamine systems. Apart from its orchestrating function, the 5-HT system also exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In line with this observation, emerging therapies have recently focused on boosting the serotonergic system in ALS and PD, which may provide novel rationale for treating these devastating conditions both on the disease-modifying, as well as symptomatic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jana Janssens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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Jiang X, Zhu K, Xu Q, Wang G, Zhang J, Cao R, Ye J, Yu X. The antidepressant-like effect of trans-astaxanthin involves the serotonergic system. Oncotarget 2017; 8:25552-63. [PMID: 28424423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant-like effect of trans-astaxanthin, a compound present rich in algae, was evaluated through behavioral and neurochemical methods. Results showed that trans-astaxanthin treatment significantly decreased the immobility time in force swim test and tail suspension test, but did not influence locomotor activity. Trans-astaxanthin treatment did not effectively antagonize hypothermia and ptosis induced by reserpine. However, pre-treatment with para-chlorophenylalanine abolished the anti-immobility effect of trans-astaxanthin in force swim and tail suspension test. These results suggested that the mechanism of antidepressant-like effect of trans-astaxanthin may involve the serotonergic system, but not noradrenaline system. This hypothesis was confirmed by neurochemical assays which showed that trans-astaxanthin increased serotonin levels in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum and hypothalamus. Furthermore, our data suggested that trans-astaxanthin decreased indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase activity in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity subsequently decreased the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and increased the serotonin/tryptophan ratio in these brain regions. Taken together, these findings indicate that the antidepressant-like effect of trans-astaxanthin involves the serotonergic system.
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Abstract
Social interaction is stressful and subordinate individuals are often subjected to chronic stress, which greatly affects both their behavior and physiology. In teleost fish the social position of an individual may have long-term effects, such as effects on migration, age of sexual maturation or even sex. The brain serotonergic system plays a key role in coordinating autonomic, behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses. Social subordination results in a chronic activation of the brain serotonergic system an effect, which seems to be central in the subordinate phenotype. However, behavioral effects of short-term acute activation of the serotonergic system are less obvious. As in other vertebrates, divergent stress coping styles, often referred to as proactive and reactive, has been described in teleosts. As demonstrated by selective breeding, stress coping styles appear to be partly heritable. However, teleost fish are characterized by plasticity, stress coping style being affected by social experience. Again, the brain serotonergic system appears to play an important role. Studies comparing brain gene expression of fish of different social rank and/or displaying divergent stress coping styles have identified several novel factors that seem important for controlling aggressive behavior and stress coping, e.g., histamine and hypocretin/orexin. These may also interact with brain monoaminergic systems, including serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Backström
- Institute of Integrated Natural Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Svante Winberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Dremencov E, Csatlósová K, Ďurišová B, Moravčíková L, Lacinová Ľ, Ježová D. Effect of Physical Exercise and Acute Escitalopram on the Excitability of Brain Monoamine Neurons: In Vivo Electrophysiological Study in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:585-592. [PMID: 28430979 PMCID: PMC5492809 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antidepressant effect of physical exercise has been reported in several clinical and animal studies. Since serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine play a central role in depression, it is possible that the beneficial effects of physical exercise are mediated via monoamine pathways. This study investigates the effects of voluntary wheel running on the excitability of monoamine neurons. Materials and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) rats were housed in individual cages with free access to a running wheel, while control animals were housed in standard laboratory cages. After three weeks, the rats were anesthetized, and in vivo electrophysiological recordings were taken from dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons, locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons, and ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Results VWR stimulated activity in serotonin, but not in norepinephrine or dopamine neurons. Subsequently, acute administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram in control rats led to complete suppression of serotonin neurons; this suppression was reversed by subsequent administration of selective antagonist of serotonin-1A receptors, WAY100135. Escitalopram induced only partial inhibition of serotonin neurons in the VWR rats while WAY100135 increased the firing activity of serotonin neurons above the baseline value. Conclusions The beneficial effect of physical exercise on mood is mediated, at least in part, via activation of serotonin neurons. Physical exercise can potentiate the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by increasing the basal firing activity and diminishing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced inhibition of serotonin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristína Csatlósová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Ďurišová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Moravčíková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubica Lacinová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Ježová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Liu A, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Shan Z, Teng W. Elevated Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Increases Risk of Post-partum Depression by Decreasing Prefrontal Cortex BDNF and 5-HT Levels in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 10:307. [PMID: 28119573 PMCID: PMC5220058 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-partum depression (PPD) is a common mental disease in the perinatal period that profoundly affects mothers and their offspring. Some clinical studies have found that PPD is related to thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs); however, the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. Female C57BL/6 mice immunized with adenovirus encoding the cDNA of the full-length mTPO (mTPO-Ad) were used to establish the isolated TPOAb-positive mouse model in the present study. Maternal depressive-like behaviors were assessed using the forced swimming test (FST), sucrose preference test (SPT), and tail suspension test (TST) post-partum. The serum TPOAb titer was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before pregnancy and post-partum. Furthermore, in the prefrontal cortex, the mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured, serotonin (5-HT) levels were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS), and total thyroxine (TT4) levels were determined by ELISA. Compared with the controls, the mice immunized with mTPO-Ad displayed depressive behaviors, with a significantly lower sucrose preference (SP) at the 12-h time point and a longer immobility time in the FST and TST, which were accompanied by a lower expression of BDNF and 5-HT but no change in the TT4 concentration in the prefrontal cortex. Together, these findings suggest that elevated TPOAb may increase the risk of subsequent PPD and decrease the concentration of BDNF and 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
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Tian MK, Schmidt EF, Lambe EK. Serotonergic Suppression of Mouse Prefrontal Circuits Implicated in Task Attention. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO. [PMID: 27844060 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0269-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) regulates attention by neurobiological mechanisms that are not well understood. Layer 6 (L6) pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex play an important role in attention and express 5-HT receptors, but the serotonergic modulation of this layer and its excitatory output is not known. Here, we performed whole-cell recordings and pharmacological manipulations in acute brain slices from wild-type and transgenic mice expressing either eGFP or eGFP-channelrhodopsin in prefrontal L6 pyramidal neurons. Excitatory circuits between L6 pyramidal neurons and L5 GABAergic interneurons, including a population of interneurons essential for task attention, were investigated using optogenetic techniques. Our experiments show that prefrontal L6 pyramidal neurons are subject to strong serotonergic inhibition and demonstrate direct 5-HT–sensitive connections between prefrontal L6 pyramidal neurons and two classes of L5 interneurons. This work helps to build a neurobiological framework to appreciate serotonergic disruption of task attention and yields insight into the disruptions of attention observed in psychiatric disorders with altered 5-HT receptors and signaling.
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24
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Pabbidi MR, Roman RJ. Elevated K+ channel activity opposes vasoconstrictor response to serotonin in cerebral arteries of the Fawn Hooded Hypertensive rat. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:27-36. [PMID: 27789734 PMCID: PMC5283921 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00072.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of Fawn Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) rats exhibit impaired myogenic response and introgression of a small region of Brown Norway chromosome 1 containing 15 genes restored the response in FHH.1BN congenic rat. The impaired myogenic response in FHH rats is associated with an increase in the activity of the large conductance potassium (BK) channel in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study examined whether the increased BK channel function in FHH rat alters vasoconstrictor response to serotonin (5-HT). Basal myogenic tone and spontaneous myogenic response of the MCA was attenuated by about twofold and about fivefold, respectively in FHH compared with FHH.1BN rats. 5-HT (0.1 μM)-mediated vasoconstriction was about twofold lower, and inhibition of the BK channel increased the vasoconstrictor response by about threefold in FHH compared with FHH.1BN rats. 5-HT (3 μM) decreased BK channel and spontaneous transient outward currents in VSMCs isolated from FHH.1BN but had no effect in FHH rats. 5-HT significantly depolarized the membrane potential in MCAs of FHH.1BN than FHH rats. Blockade of the BK channel normalized 5-HT-induced depolarization in MCAs of FHH rats. The 5-HT-mediated increase in cytosolic calcium concentration was significantly reduced in plateau phase in the VSMCs of FHH relative to FHH.1BN rats. These findings suggest that sequence variants in the genes located in the small region of FHH rat chromosome 1 impairs 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction by decreasing its ability to inhibit BK channel activity, depolarize the membrane and blunt the rise in cytosolic calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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25
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Abstract
Background: Anxiety-related traits have been attributed to sequence variability in the genes coding for serotonin transmission in the brain. Two alleles, termed long (L) and short (S) differing by 44 base pairs, are found in a polymorphism identified in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene. The presence of the short allele and SS and LS genotypes is found to be associated with the reduced expression of this gene decreasing the uptake of serotonin in the brain leading to various anxiety-related traits. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an oral mucosal disease with varied etiology including the presence of stress, anxiety, and genetic influences. The present study aimed to determine this serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in patients with RAS and compare it with normal individuals. Materials and Methods: This study included 20 subjects with various forms of RAS and 20 normal healthy age- and gender-matched individuals. Desquamated oral mucosal cells were collected for DNA extraction and subjected to polymerase chain reaction for studying insertion/deletion in the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region. Cross tabulations followed by Chi-square tests were performed to compare the significance of findings, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The LS genotype was the most common genotype found in the subjects with aphthous stomatitis (60%) and controls (40%). The total percentage of LS and SS genotypes and the frequency of S allele were found to be higher in the subjects with aphthous stomatitis as compared to the control group although a statistically significant correlation could not be established, P = 0.144 and 0.371, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, occurrence of RAS was not found to be associated with polymorphic promoter region in serotonin transporter gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Manchanda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Inderprastha Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asha R Iyengar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D. A. Pandu Memorial R. V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D. A. Pandu Memorial R. V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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26
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Manoharan A, Rajkumar RP, Shewade DG, Sundaram R, Muthuramalingam A, Paul A. Evaluation of interleukin-6 and serotonin as biomarkers to predict response to fluoxetine. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:178-84. [PMID: 27018372 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only 30% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients achieve complete remission with a serotonergic antidepressant (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). We investigated the potential of serotonin (5-HT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to serve as functional biomarkers of fluoxetine response. METHODS Serum IL-6 and 5-HT were measured in 73 MDD patients (39 responders and 34 non-responders) pre- and 6 weeks post-treatment and in 44 normal controls with ELISA. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were measured using LC MS/MS. RESULTS IL-6 levels were significantly higher in MDD patients when compared with controls (p < 0.01), and 5-HT levels were significantly lower in non-responders compared with controls (p = 0.0131). Pre- and post-treatment levels of both biomarkers individually and in combination did not significantly differ between responders and non-responders. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the biomarkers was 0.5. Significant correlation was seen between the percentage change in IL-6 and percentage change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score in responders. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine concentrations were not significantly different in responders and non-responders, and there was no correlation between fluoxetine concentrations and percentage reduction in 5-HT from week 0 to 6. CONCLUSION 5-HT and IL-6 may not serve as useful markers of response to fluoxetine because of inconsistent results across different studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Manoharan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Deepak Gopal Shewade
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajan Sundaram
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Avin Muthuramalingam
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Abialbon Paul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited, Madurai, India
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27
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Hasan M, Seo JE, Rahaman KA, Kang MJ, Jung BH, Kwon OS. Increased levels of brain serotonin correlated with MMP-9 activity and IL-4 levels resulted in severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in obese mice. Neuroscience 2016; 319:168-82. [PMID: 26820599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of monoamine neurotransmitters on the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in obese mice. EAE was induced in mice with normal diets (ND-EAE) and obese mice with high-fat diets (HFD-EAE) through the immune response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (35-55). The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in different anatomical brain regions were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma and tissue NADPH oxidase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 activities were analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The cumulative disease index and disease peaks were significantly higher in HFD-EAE compared with those in ND-EAE. Significantly higher 5-HT levels and lower 5-HT turnovers 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid ((5-HIAA)/5-HT) were found in the brains of HFD-EAE mice compared with those found in the HFD-CON and ND-EAE mice brains. Moreover, increased DA levels were observed in the caudate nucleus of the HFD-EAE mice compared with the control and ND-EAE mice. The NADPH oxidase and MMP-9 activities in the plasma and tissues were significantly higher in both the ND-EAE and HFD-EAE groups than in their respective controls. The cytokine levels in the plasma, tissues, and cultured splenocytes were found to be significantly altered in EAE mice compared with control mice. Moreover, HFD-EAE mice exhibited significantly higher MMP-9 activity and lower IL-4 levels than ND-EAE mice and were significantly correlated with brain 5-HT levels. In conclusion, the increased 5-HT levels in the brain significantly correlated with MMP-9 activity and IL-4 levels play an important role in the exacerbation of disease severity in HFD-EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasan
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J-E Seo
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K A Rahaman
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M-J Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - B-H Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - O-S Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Takahashi A, Lee RX, Iwasato T, Itohara S, Arima H, Bettler B, Miczek KA, Koide T. Glutamate input in the dorsal raphe nucleus as a determinant of escalated aggression in male mice. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6452-63. [PMID: 25904796 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2450-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has long been linked to neural control of aggression, little is known about the regulatory influences of the DRN when an animal engages in either adaptive species-typical aggressive behavior or escalated aggression. Therefore it is important to explore which neurotransmitter inputs into the DRN determine the escalation of aggression in male mice. Previously, we observed that microinjection of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen into the DRN escalates aggressive behavior in male mice. Here, we used a serotonin (5-HT) neuron-specific GABAB receptor knock-out mouse to demonstrate that baclofen acts on nonserotonergic neurons to escalate aggression. Intra-DRN baclofen administration increased glutamate release, but did not alter GABA release, within the DRN. Microinjection of l-glutamate into the DRN escalated dose-dependently attack bites toward an intruder. In vivo microdialysis showed that glutamate release increased in the DRN during an aggressive encounter, and the level of glutamate was further increased when the animal was engaged in escalated aggressive behavior after social instigation. Finally, 5-HT release was increased within the DRN and also in the medial prefrontal cortex when animals were provoked by social instigation, and during escalated aggression after social instigation, but this increase in 5-HT release was not observed when animals were engaged in species-typical aggression. In summary, glutamate input into the DRN is enhanced during escalated aggression, which causes a phasic increase of 5-HT release from the DRN 5-HT neurons.
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Kato T, Matsumoto Y, Yamamoto M, Matsumoto K, Baba S, Nakamichi K, Matsuda H, Nishimuta H, Yabuuchi K. DSP-1053, a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor with 5-HT1A partial agonistic activity, displays fast antidepressant effect with minimal undesirable effects in juvenile rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00142. [PMID: 26171224 PMCID: PMC4492758 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission has been the main stream of treatment for patients with depression. However, delayed therapeutic onset and undesirable side effects are major drawbacks for conventional serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Here, we show that DSP-1053, a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor with 5-HT1A partial agonistic activity, displays fast antidepressant efficacy with minimal undesirable effects, especially nausea and emesis in animal models. DSP-1053 bound human serotonin transporter and 5-HT1A receptor with the Ki values of 1.02 ± 0.06 and 5.05 ± 1.07 nmol/L, respectively. This compound inhibited the serotonin transporter with an IC50 value of 2.74 ± 0.41 nmol/L and had an intrinsic activity for 5-HT1A receptors of 70.0 ± 6.3%. In rat microdialysis, DSP-1053, given once at 3 and 10 mg kg−1, dose-dependently increased extracellular 5-HT levels. In the rat forced swimming test, 2-week administration of DSR-1053 (1 mg kg−1) significantly reduced rats immobility time after treatment, whereas paroxetine (3 and 10 mg kg−1) required 3-week administration to reduce rats immobility time. In olfactory bulbectomy model, 1- and 2-week administration of DSP-1053 reduced both of emotional scores and activity in the open field, whereas paroxetine required 2 weeks to show similar beneficial effects. Although single administration of DSP-1053-induced emesis and vomiting in the rat and Suncus murinus, multiple treatment with this compound, but not with paroxetine, decreased the number of vomiting episodes. These results highlight the important role of 5-HT1A receptors in both the efficacy and tolerability of DSP-1053 as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kato
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Baba
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakamichi
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Matsuda
- Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishimuta
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yabuuchi
- Project Management, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. Osaka, Japan
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Nedelcovych MT, Gould RW, Zhan X, Bubser M, Gong X, Grannan M, Thompson AT, Ivarsson M, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. A rodent model of traumatic stress induces lasting sleep and quantitative electroencephalographic disturbances. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:485-93. [PMID: 25581551 DOI: 10.1021/cn500342u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperarousal and sleep disturbances are common, debilitating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD patients also exhibit abnormalities in quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) power spectra during wake as well as rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line pharmacological treatment for PTSD, provide modest remediation of the hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD patients, but have little to no effect on the sleep-wake architecture deficits. Development of novel therapeutics for these sleep-wake architecture deficits is limited by a lack of relevant animal models. Thus, the present study investigated whether single prolonged stress (SPS), a rodent model of traumatic stress, induces PTSD-like sleep-wake and qEEG spectral power abnormalities that correlate with changes in central serotonin (5-HT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling in rats. Rats were implanted with telemetric recording devices to continuously measure EEG before and after SPS treatment. A second cohort of rats was used to measure SPS-induced changes in plasma corticosterone, 5-HT utilization, and NPY expression in brain regions that comprise the neural fear circuitry. SPS caused sustained dysregulation of NREM and REM sleep, accompanied by state-dependent alterations in qEEG power spectra indicative of cortical hyperarousal. These changes corresponded with acute induction of the corticosterone receptor co-chaperone FK506-binding protein 51 and delayed reductions in 5-HT utilization and NPY expression in the amygdala. SPS represents a preclinical model of PTSD-related sleep-wake and qEEG disturbances with underlying alterations in neurotransmitter systems known to modulate both sleep-wake architecture and the neural fear circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Magnus Ivarsson
- Department
of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Yang CJ, Liu CL, Sang B, Zhu XM, Du YJ. The combined role of serotonin and interleukin-6 as biomarker for autism. Neuroscience 2014; 284:290-296. [PMID: 25453766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis of autism is currently phenotype based with no reliable laboratory test available to assist clinicians. It has been shown that dysfunction of serotonin (5-HT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are involved in autism. The goal of this study was to evaluate the combined role of 5-HT and IL-6 as potential biomarkers for autism. The whole blood concentration of 5-HT and plasma concentration of IL-6 of individuals with autism were significantly elevated compared with the control group, and the concentration of 5-HT and IL-6 had positive correlations with the severity of autism. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the combination of 5-HT and IL-6 produced the best sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of autism. Therefore, the present study has revealed a simple clinical method with great potential for assisting the diagnosis of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Yang
- School of Preschool & Special Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - C-L Liu
- School of Preschool & Special Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Sang
- School of Preschool & Special Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-M Zhu
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-J Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Suzuki Y, Kiyokage E, Sohn J, Hioki H, Toida K. Structural basis for serotonergic regulation of neural circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 2014; 523:262-80. [PMID: 25234191 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory processing is well known to be regulated by centrifugal afferents from other brain regions, such as noradrenergic, acetylcholinergic, and serotonergic neurons. Serotonergic neurons widely innervate and regulate the functions of various brain regions. In the present study, we focused on serotonergic regulation of the olfactory bulb (OB), one of the most structurally and functionally well-defined brain regions. Visualization of a single neuron among abundant and dense fibers is essential to characterize and understand neuronal circuits. We accomplished this visualization by successfully labeling and reconstructing serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) neurons by infection with sindbis and adeno-associated virus into dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) of mice. 5-HT synapses were analyzed by correlative confocal laser microscopy and serial-electron microscopy (EM) study. To further characterize 5-HT neuronal and network function, we analyzed whether glutamate was released from 5-HT synaptic terminals using immuno-EM. Our results are the first visualizations of complete 5-HT neurons and fibers projecting from DRN to the OB with bifurcations. We found that a single 5-HT axon can form synaptic contacts to both type 1 and 2 periglomerular cells within a single glomerulus. Through immunolabeling, we also identified vesicular glutamate transporter 3 in 5-HT neurons terminals, indicating possible glutamatergic transmission. Our present study strongly implicates the involvement of brain regions such as the DRN in regulation of the elaborate mechanisms of olfactory processing. We further provide a structure basis of the network for coordinating or linking olfactory encoding with other neural systems, with special attention to serotonergic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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Pereira PA, Bicalho MAC, de Moraes EN, Malloy-Diniz L, Bozzi ICRS, Nicolato R, Valadão DR, Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA. Genetic variant of AKT1 and AKTIP associated with late-onset depression in a Brazilian population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:399-405. [PMID: 24022875 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the association between polymorphisms in the AKT1 and AKTIP genes and late-onset depression (LOD). Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases. LOD is a disorder that starts after 65 years old. AKT1 is a downstream enzyme that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurotransmitter-related disorders, such as depression. The identification of a novel AKT1-binding protein (AKTIP) was pointed as an important new target. AKTIP binds directly to AKT1, enhancing the phosphorylation of regulatory sites, and this modulation are affected by AKT1 activation. The association of AKT1 and AKTIP polymorphisms with depressive symptoms was not investigated in LOD. DESIGN Genotype tagSNPs in the AKT1 and AKTIP in LOD patients and controls. SETTINGS An academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Sample composed by 190 outpatients with LOD and 77 healthy individuals. MEASURES The participants were evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria, MINI-PLUS and the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS Our findings suggested an association between the tagSNP rs3730358 homozygous A/A (p = 0.006) and LOD. A strong association of allele A and increased association for LOD was demonstrated with tagSNP rs3730358 (p-value = 0.003). LIMITATIONS Limitation include composition of our control group, where the exclusion criteria generated a kind of super-healthy older group what might have produced a hidden stratification when compared with the LOD. CONCLUSION This study is the first one to establish the association of the AKT1/AKTIP genes and LOD, and further studies are necessary to clarify the functional role of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Araújo Pereira
- INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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Bhaskaran S, Zaluski J, Banes-Berceli A. Molecular interactions of serotonin (5-HT) and endothelin-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells: in vitro and ex vivo analyses. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C143-51. [PMID: 24196534 PMCID: PMC3919985 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00247.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of serotonin (5-HT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) may be involved in cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Data suggest supraphysiological concentrations of 5-HT (10(-6) M) potentiate the ability of ET-1 to stimulate DNA synthesis and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in vitro via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) pathways. Additionally, 5-HT enhances agonist-induced contractions via p42/44 MAPK and an unknown tyrosine kinase. However, the exact mechanisms of the 5-HT/ET-1 interactions and whether these effects occur at physiological levels (10(-9) M) are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that interactions between 5-HT and ET-1 at physiological concentrations in VSMC enhanced activation of both p42/44 MAPK and JAK2 pathways contributing to vascular growth and contractile responses. With the use of rat VSMC and Western blot analysis, our data suggest no effect of acute (30 min) preincubation with 5-HT (10(-9) M) and/or ET-1 (10(-9) M) on the activation of either pathway in normal or high glucose conditions. To determine if there was altered vascular reactivity in intact vessels we tested the effects of 5-HT and ET-1 interaction using myographs to measure isometric contractions of rat thoracic aortic rings. 5-HT (10(-9) M) and ET-1 (10(-12) M) stimulate enhanced contractile responses to each other that were inhibited by JAK2 and p42/44 MAPK antagonists. Our findings demonstrate that both 5-HT and ET-1 at physiological concentrations could interact with each other and activate p42/44 MAPK and JAK2 signaling pathways to cause an increase in smooth muscle contraction that could lead to altered vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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Alonso D, Vázquez-Villa H, Gamo AM, Martínez-Esperón MF, Tortosa M, Viso A, Fernández de la Pradilla R, Junquera E, Aicart E, Martín-Fontecha M, Benhamú B, López-Rodríguez ML, Ortega-Gutiérrez S. Development of Fluorescent Ligands for the Human 5-HT1A Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:249-53. [PMID: 24900203 DOI: 10.1021/ml100053y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a set of fluorescent probes targeting the human 5-HT1A receptor (h5-HT1AR). Among the synthesized compounds, derivative 4 deserves special attention as being a high-affinity ligand (K i = 2 nM) with good fluorescent properties (I em > 1000 au and a fluorescence quantum yield, Φf, of 0.26), which enables direct observation of the h5-HT1AR in cells. Thus, it represents the first efficacious fluorescent probe for the specific labeling of h5-HT1AR in cells. Our results provide the basis for the introduction of a variety of tags in scaffolds of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands that enable visualization, covalent binding, or affinity pull-down of receptors. These strategies should contribute to the optimization of the therapeutic exploitation of known or new members of the GPCR superfamily by providing valuable information about their location or level of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María F. Martínez-Esperón
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Viso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández de la Pradilla
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Saroya R, Smith R, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Injection of resperpine into zebrafish, prevents fish to fish communication of radiation-induced bystander signals: confirmation in vivo of a role for serotonin in the mechanism. Dose Response 2009; 8:317-30. [PMID: 20877486 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-043.saroya] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated as a potential modulator of the bystander effect in cell cultures. To assess the relevance of serotonin in vivo experiments were done with the zebrafish (Danio rerio). This species, when irradiated, transmits bystander signals to non-irradiated fish. The animals were injected with reserpine, an inhibitor of serotonin at a dose of 80mg/kg of body mass. The results show that reserpine treated fish had only 27% of the serotonin in non-treated fish. Skin tissue samples were collected from the fish and assayed for bystander signal production using a reporter bioassay. Reserpine prevented the production and communication of signals between fish. Intracellular calcium flux, identified as a bystander response in the reporter cells confirmed this. Medium harvested from tissues of X-rayed fish and their bystanders, showed an oscillating pattern of calcium flux. Samples from X-rayed fish pretreated with reserpine produced a chaotic pattern of random fluctuations in the reporter cells, while their bystander fish led to increased calcium, but no oscillations. These results suggest that 5-HT is involved in bystander signalling in zebrafish, and by decreasing the amount of available 5-HT the bystander effect can be blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohin Saroya
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The therapeutics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves the serotonergic system in the brain; the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the only class of drugs to be consistently effective for this disorder. Preclinical studies in the orbito-frontal cortex - a brain area known to be involved in mediation of OCD symptoms - show that sustained administration of SSRI for 2 months leads to enhanced 5-HT release. Initially, raised 5-HT levels, resulting from serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibition, over-activates the cell body 5-HT1A autoreceptor, which has an inhibitory effect on the neuronal firing rate. However, after long-term administration of SSRIs, these 5-HT1A autoreceptors become desensitized to the raised extracellular 5-HT levels, and increase 5-HT transmission. The recovery of neuronal firing rate is faster with escitalopram (the active S-enantiomer of citalopram) than with citalopram, which may be due to different mechanisms of action. The 5-HT system has reciprocal interactions with the noradrenaline (NA) system. Although not a major mediator in the treatment of OCD symptomatology, patients with anxiety disorders such as panic disorder have increased NA reactivity and/or tone. Long-term SSRI administration reduces the firing rate of NA neurones, unlike 5-HT neurones. Evidence indicates that accrued 5-HT levels have an inhibitory modulatory effect on NA transmission, thus indicating the clinical relevance of SSRI treatment for anxiety disorders. The different effectiveness of the SSRIs escitalopram and citalopram in enhancing synaptic 5-HT levels may be due to the inhibitory action of the R-enantiomer in racemic citalopram on S-enantiomer binding to the 5-HT transporter. This allows escitalopram to produce higher extracellular 5-HT levels than can be achieved by the equivalent S-enantiomer dose of citalopram. Escitalopram is therefore a viable front-line treatment option for people with anxiety disorders, and possibly for those who have failed to respond to conventional SSRI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Blier
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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