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Yurdakul E, Barlas Y, Ulgen KO. Circadian clock crosstalks with autism. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3273. [PMID: 37807632 PMCID: PMC10726833 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains incompletely understood, but researchers have identified over a thousand genes involved in complex interactions within the brain, nervous, and immune systems, particularly during the mechanism of brain development. Various contributory environmental effects including circadian rhythm have also been studied in ASD. Thus, capturing the global picture of the ASD-clock network in combined form is critical. METHODS We reconstructed the protein-protein interaction network of ASD and circadian rhythm to understand the connection between autism and the circadian clock. A graph theoretical study is undertaken to evaluate whether the network attributes are biologically realistic. The gene ontology enrichment analyses provide information about the most important biological processes. RESULTS This study takes a fresh look at metabolic mechanisms and the identification of potential key proteins/pathways (ribosome biogenesis, oxidative stress, insulin/IGF pathway, Wnt pathway, and mTOR pathway), as well as the effects of specific conditions (such as maternal stress or disruption of circadian rhythm) on the development of ASD due to environmental factors. CONCLUSION Understanding the relationship between circadian rhythm and ASD provides insight into the involvement of these essential pathways in the pathogenesis/etiology of ASD, as well as potential early intervention options and chronotherapeutic strategies for treating or preventing the neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Yurdakul
- Department of Chemical EngineeringBogazici University, Biosystems Engineering LaboratoryIstanbulTurkey
| | - Yaman Barlas
- Department of Industrial EngineeringBogazici University, Socio‐Economic System Dynamics Research Group (SESDYN)IstanbulTurkey
| | - Kutlu O. Ulgen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringBogazici University, Biosystems Engineering LaboratoryIstanbulTurkey
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2
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Illescas S, Diaz-Osorio Y, Serradell A, Toro-Soria L, Musokhranova U, Juliá-Palacios N, Ribeiro-Constante J, Altafaj X, Olivella M, O'Callaghan M, Darling A, Armstrong J, Artuch R, García-Cazorla À, Oyarzábal A. Metabolic characterization of neurogenetic disorders involving glutamatergic neurotransmission. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023. [PMID: 37932875 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of inborn errors of neurotransmission has been mostly focused on monoamine disorders, GABAergic and glycinergic defects. The study of the glutamatergic synapse using the same approach than classic neurotransmitter disorders is challenging due to the lack of biomarkers in the CSF. A metabolomic approach can provide both insight into their molecular basis and outline novel therapeutic alternatives. We have performed a semi-targeted metabolomic analysis on CSF samples from 25 patients with neurogenetic disorders with an important expression in the glutamatergic synapse and 5 controls. Samples from patients diagnosed with MCP2, CDKL5-, GRINpathies and STXBP1-related encephalopathies were included. We have performed univariate (UVA) and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA), using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, principal component analysis (PCA), and OPLS-DA. By using the results of both analyses, we have identified the metabolites that were significantly altered and that were important in clustering the respective groups. On these, we performed pathway- and network-based analyses to define which metabolic pathways were possibly altered in each pathology. We have observed alterations in the tryptophan and branched-chain amino acid metabolism pathways, which interestingly converge on LAT1 transporter-dependency to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Analysis of the expression of LAT1 transporter in brain samples from a mouse model of Rett syndrome (MECP2) revealed a decrease in the transporter expression, that was already noticeable at pre-symptomatic stages. The study of the glutamatergic synapse from this perspective advances the understanding of their pathophysiology, shining light on an understudied feature as is their metabolic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Illescas
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Diaz-Osorio
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Serradell
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Toro-Soria
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uliana Musokhranova
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Juliá-Palacios
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Ribeiro-Constante
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Altafaj
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Olivella
- School of International Studies, ESCI-UPF, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Mar O'Callaghan
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Darling
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Armstrong
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels García-Cazorla
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Oyarzábal
- Synaptic Metabolism and Personalized Therapies Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology and MetabERN, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Neurology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
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Prévot V, Duittoz A. A role for GnRH in olfaction and cognition: Implications for veterinary medicine. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:109-124. [PMID: 37329313 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for the activation and maintenance of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two provocative recent studies suggest that, in addition to control reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control postnatal brain maturation, odour discrimination and adult cognition. Long-acting GnRH antagonists and agonists are commonly used to control fertility and behaviour in veterinary medicine, primarily in males. This review puts into perspective the potential risks of these androgen deprivation therapies and immunization on olfactory and cognitive performances and well-aging in domestic animals, including pets. We will also discuss the results reporting beneficial effects of pharmacological interventions restoring physiological GnRH levels on olfactory and cognitive alterations in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, which shares many pathophysiological and behavioural hallmarks with canine cognitive dysfunction. These novel findings raise the intriguing possibility that pulsatile GnRH therapy holds therapeutic potential for the management of this behavioural syndrome affecting older dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, Lille, France
| | - Anne Duittoz
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) UMR7247 INRA, CNRS, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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4
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Rusina E, Simonti M, Duprat F, Cestèle S, Mantegazza M. Voltage-gated sodium channels in genetic epilepsy: up and down of excitability. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37654020 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a wide range of studies investigating genetic variants of voltage-gated sodium (NaV ) channels, which are involved in a broad spectrum of diseases, including several types of epilepsy. We have reviewed here phenotypes and pathological mechanisms of genetic epilepsies caused by variants in NaV α and β subunits, as well as of some relevant interacting proteins (FGF12/FHF1, PRRT2, and Ankyrin-G). Notably, variants of all these genes can induce either gain- or loss-of-function of NaV leading to either neuronal hyperexcitability or hypoexcitability. We present the results of functional studies obtained with different experimental models, highlighting that they should be interpreted considering the features of the experimental system used. These systems are models, but they have allowed us to better understand pathophysiological issues, ameliorate diagnostics, orientate genetic counseling, and select/develop therapies within a precision medicine framework. These studies have also allowed us to gain insights into the physiological roles of different NaV channels and of the cells that express them. Overall, our review shows the progress that has been made, but also the need for further studies on aspects that have not yet been clarified. Finally, we conclude by highlighting some significant themes of general interest that can be gleaned from the results of the work of the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia Rusina
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Martina Simonti
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Fabrice Duprat
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Inserm, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sandrine Cestèle
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- University Cote d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Inserm, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
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Matteoli M, Pozzi D, Fossati M, Menna E. Immune synaptopathies: how maternal immune activation impacts synaptic function during development. EMBO J 2023:e113796. [PMID: 37161785 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the term synaptopathy has been largely used to underline the concept that impairments of synaptic structure and function are the major determinant of brain disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders. This notion emerged from the progress made in understanding the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders, which highlighted the convergence of genetic risk factors onto molecular pathways specifically localized at the synapse. However, the multifactorial origin of these disorders also indicated the key contribution of environmental factors. It is well recognized that inflammation is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, and several immune molecules critically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. In the present review, we highlight this concept, which we define by the term "immune-synaptopathy," and we discuss recent evidence suggesting a bi-directional link between the genetic architecture of individuals and maternal activation of the immune system in modulating brain developmental trajectories in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Matteoli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Sede Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Matteo Fossati
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Sede Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Sede Milano, Rozzano, Italy
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6
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Beltrame G, Scano A, Marino G, Peccati A, Molinari Tosatti L, Portinaro N. Recent developments in muscle synergy analysis in young people with neurodevelopmental diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1145937. [PMID: 37180039 PMCID: PMC10174248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1145937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system simplifies motor control by sending motor commands activating groups of muscles, known as synergies. Physiological locomotion can be described as a coordinated recruitment of four to five muscle synergies. The first studies on muscle synergies in patients affected by neurological diseases were on stroke survivors. They showed that synergies can be used as biomarkers for motor impairment as they vary in patients with respect to healthy people. Likewise, muscle synergy analysis has been applied to developmental diseases (DD). The need for a comprehensive view of the present findings is crucial for comparing results achieved so far and promote future directions in the field. In the present review, we screened three scientific databases and selected thirty-six papers investigating muscle synergies extracted from locomotion in children affected by DD. Thirty-one articles investigate how cerebral palsy (CP) influences motor control, the currently exploited method in studying motor control in CP and finally the effects of treatments in these patients in terms of synergies and biomechanics; two articles investigate how muscle synergies vary in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and three other articles assess other developmental pathologies, such as chronic and acute neuropathic pain. For CP, most of the studies demonstrate that the number of synergies is lower and that the synergy composition varies in the affected children with respect to normal controls. Still, the predictability of treatment's effects and the etiology of muscle synergy variation are open questions, as it has been reported that treatments minimally modify synergies, even if they improve biomechanics. The application of different algorithms in extracting synergies might bring about more subtle differences. Considering DMD, no correlation was found between non-neural muscle weakness and muscle modules' variation, while in chronic pain a decreased number of synergies was observed as a possible consequence of plastic adaptations. Even if the potential of the synergistic approach for clinical and rehabilitation practices is recognized, there is not full consensus on protocols nor widely accepted guidelines for the systematic clinical adoption of the method in DD. We critically commented on the current findings, on the methodological issues and the relative open points, and on the clinical impact of muscle synergies in neurodevelopmental diseases to fill the gap for applying the method in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Beltrame
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scano
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Scano,
| | - Giorgia Marino
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Peccati
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Portinaro
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Zia N, Ravanfar P, Allahdadian S, Ghasemi M. Impact of COVID-19 on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5213. [PMID: 36079143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many studies have shown that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety, mood disorders, psychosis, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia), insomnia, and even substance abuse disorders. COVID-19 can also worsen the patients underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions during or after the system phase of disease. In this review, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on development or status of neuropsychiatric conditions during or following COVID-19.
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8
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Del Castilo I, Neumann AS, Lemos FS, De Bastiani MA, Oliveira FL, Zimmer ER, Rêgo AM, Hardoim CCP, Antunes LCM, Lara FA, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR. Lifelong Exposure to a Low-Dose of the Glyphosate-Based Herbicide RoundUp ® Causes Intestinal Damage, Gut Dysbiosis, and Behavioral Changes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5583. [PMID: 35628394 PMCID: PMC9146949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RoundUp® (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world's leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Further, these formulations were shown to disrupt the microbiome of different species. Here, we investigated the effects of a lifelong exposure to low doses of the GBH-RUp on the gut environment, including morphological and microbiome changes. We also aimed to determine whether exposure to GBH-RUp could harm the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes in adult mice. To this end, animals were exposed to GBH-RUp in drinking water from pregnancy to adulthood. GBH-RUp-exposed mice had no changes in cognitive function, but developed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behavior. GBH-Rup-exposed mice also showed an activation of phagocytic cells (Iba-1-positive) in the cortical brain tissue. GBH-RUp exposure caused increased mucus production and the infiltration of plama cells (CD138-positive), with a reduction in phagocytic cells. Long-term exposure to GBH-RUp also induced changes in intestinal integrity, as demonstrated by the altered expression of tight junction effector proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a change in the distribution of syndecan-1 proteoglycan. The herbicide also led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, which is also crucial for the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Altogether, our findings suggest that long-term GBH-RUp exposure leads to morphological and functional changes in the gut, which correlate with behavioral changes that are similar to those observed in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Del Castilo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (I.D.C.); (C.P.F.)
| | - Arthur S. Neumann
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.S.N.); (F.S.L.); (F.L.O.)
| | - Felipe S. Lemos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.S.N.); (F.S.L.); (F.L.O.)
| | - Marco A. De Bastiani
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-193, RS, Brazil; (M.A.D.B.); (E.R.Z.)
| | - Felipe L. Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.S.N.); (F.S.L.); (F.L.O.)
| | - Eduardo R. Zimmer
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-193, RS, Brazil; (M.A.D.B.); (E.R.Z.)
| | - Amanda M. Rêgo
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.R.); (L.C.M.A.); (F.A.L.)
| | - Cristiane C. P. Hardoim
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente 11380-972, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luis Caetano M. Antunes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.R.); (L.C.M.A.); (F.A.L.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio A. Lara
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.R.); (L.C.M.A.); (F.A.L.)
| | - Claudia P. Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (I.D.C.); (C.P.F.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.S.N.); (F.S.L.); (F.L.O.)
| | - Julia R. Clarke
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (I.D.C.); (C.P.F.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.S.N.); (F.S.L.); (F.L.O.)
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Pacheco-López G, Pérez-Morales M, Guzmán-Ramos KR, Figueroa JD, Krügel U, Bravo JA. Editorial: Obesogenic Environmental Conditions Affect Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:724503. [PMID: 34421531 PMCID: PMC8371235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.724503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Marcel Pérez-Morales
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Kioko Rubí Guzmán-Ramos
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Ute Krügel
- Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Javier A Bravo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Abstract
Dendrites undergo extensive growth and remodeling during their lifetime. Specification of neurites into dendrites is followed by their arborization, maturation, and functional integration into synaptic networks. Each of these distinct developmental processes is spatially and temporally controlled in an exquisite fashion. Protein kinases through their highly specific substrate phosphorylation regulate dendritic growth and plasticity. Perturbation of kinase function results in aberrant dendritic growth and synaptic function. Not surprisingly, kinase dysfunction is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Herein, we review, (a) key kinase pathways that regulate dendrite structure, function and plasticity, (b) how aberrant kinase signaling contributes to dendritic dysfunction in neurological disorders and (c) emergent technologies that can be applied to dissect the role of protein kinases in dendritic structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Nourbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Sciacca FL, Ciaccio C, Fontana F, Strano C, Gilardoni F, Pantaleoni C, D'Arrigo S. Severe Phenotype in a Patient With Homozygous 15q21.2 Microdeletion Involving BCL2L10, GNB5, and MYO5C Genes, Resembling Infantile Developmental Disorder With Cardiac Arrhythmias (IDDCA). Front Genet 2020; 11:399. [PMID: 32477400 PMCID: PMC7237723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in GNB5 gene have been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from neurodevelopmental issues with or without cardiac arrhythmia (LADCI) to severe developmental delay with epileptic encephalopathy, retinal dystrophy, and heart rhythm abnormalities (IDDCA). While missense or missense/non-sense mutations usually lead to milder form, the biallelic loss of function of GNB5 gene causes the severe multisystemic IDDCA phenotype. So far, only 27 patients have been described with GNB5-associated disease. We report the first case of a patient carrying a homozygous 15q21.2 microdeletion, encompassing GNB5 and the two contiguous genes BCL2L10 and MYO5C. The clinical features of the child are consistent with the severe IDDCA phenotype, thus confirming the GNB5 loss-of-function mechanism in determining such presentation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L Sciacca
- Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciaccio
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Fontana
- Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Strano
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gilardoni
- Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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13
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Casamassa A, Ferrari D, Gelati M, Carella M, Vescovi AL, Rosati J. A Link between Genetic Disorders and Cellular Impairment, Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Reveal the Functional Consequences of Copy Number Variations in the Central Nervous System-A Close Look at Chromosome 15. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051860. [PMID: 32182809 PMCID: PMC7084702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cutting-edge human genetics technology has allowed us to identify copy number variations (CNVs) and has provided new insights for understanding causative mechanisms of human diseases. A growing number of studies show that CNVs could be associated with physiological mechanisms linked to evolutionary trigger, as well as to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disease and mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disabilities or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Their incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity make diagnosis difficult and hinder comprehension of the mechanistic bases of these disorders. Additional elements such as co-presence of other CNVs, genomic background and environmental factors are involved in determining the final phenotype associated with a CNV. Genetically engineered animal models are helpful tools for understanding the behavioral consequences of CNVs. However, the genetic background and the biology of these animal model systems have sometimes led to confusing results. New cellular models obtained through somatic cellular reprogramming technology that produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human subjects are being used to explore the mechanisms involved in the pathogenic consequences of CNVs. Considering the vast quantity of CNVs found in the human genome, we intend to focus on reviewing the current literature on the use of iPSCs carrying CNVs on chromosome 15, highlighting advantages and limits of this system with respect to mouse model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Abramo Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Carella
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
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14
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Crispino M, Volpicelli F, Perrone-Capano C. Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E505. [PMID: 31941109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge on the plastic functions of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) in the brain physiology and pathology have advanced considerably in recent years. A wealth of data show that 5-HT7R is a key player in the establishment and remodeling of neuronal cytoarchitecture during development and in the mature brain, and its dysfunction is linked to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. The involvement of this receptor in synaptic plasticity is further demonstrated by data showing that its activation allows the rescue of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) deficits in various animal models of neurodevelopmental diseases. In addition, it is becoming clear that the 5-HT7R is involved in inflammatory intestinal diseases, modulates the function of immune cells, and is likely to play a role in the gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly focus on recent findings on this receptor’s role in the structural and synaptic plasticity of the mammalian brain, although we will also illustrate novel aspects highlighted in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and immune system.
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15
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Jędrychowska J, Korzh V. Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channels in developmental perspective. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:1180-1194. [PMID: 31512327 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channels consist of two types of α-subunits: (a) electrically-active Kcnb1 α-subunits and (b) silent or modulatory α-subunits plus β-subunits that, similar to silent α-subunits, also regulate electrically-active subunits. Voltage-gated potassium channels were traditionally viewed, mainly by electrophysiologists, as regulators of the electrical activity of the plasma membrane in excitable cells, a role that is performed by transmembrane protein domains of α-subunits that form the electric pore. Genetic studies revealed a role for this region of α-subunits of voltage-gated potassium channels in human neurodevelopmental disorders, such as epileptic encephalopathy. The N- and C-terminal domains of α-subunits interact to form the cytoplasmic subunit of heterotetrameric potassium channels that regulate electric pores. Subsequent animal studies revealed the developmental functions of Kcnb1-containing voltage-gated potassium channels and illustrated their role during brain development and reproduction. These functions of potassium channels are discussed in this review in the context of regulatory interactions between electrically-active and regulatory subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jędrychowska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Lacorte E, Gervasi G, Bacigalupo I, Vanacore N, Raucci U, Parisi P. A Systematic Review of the Microbiome in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:727. [PMID: 31417479 PMCID: PMC6682593 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: A relationship between gut microbiome and central nervous system (CNS), have been suggested. The human microbiome may have an influence on brain's development, thus implying that dysbiosis may contribute in the etiology and progression of some neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders. The objective of this systematic review was to identify evidence on the characterization and potential distinctive traits of the microbiome of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, as compared to healthy children. Methods: The review was performed following the methodology described in the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews, and was reported based on the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. All literature published up to April 2019 was retrieved searching the databases PubMed, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Only observational studies, published in English and reporting data on the characterization of the microbiome in humans aged 0-18 years with a neurodevelopmental disorder were included. Neurodevelopmental disorders were categorized according to the definition included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5). Results: Bibliographic searches yielded 9,237 records. One study was identified through other data sources. A total of 16 studies were selected based on their relevance and pertinence to the topic of the review, and were then applied the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 10 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria, and were thus included in the qualitative analysis and applied the NOS score. Two studies reported data on the gut microbiome of children with ADHD, while 8 reported data on either the gut (n = 6) or the oral microbiome (n = 2) of children with ASD. Conclusions: All the 10 studies included in this review showed a high heterogeneity in terms of sample size, gender, clinical issues, and type of controls. This high heterogeneity, along with the small sample size of the included studies, strongly limited the external validity of results. The quality assessment performed using the NOS score showed an overall low to moderate methodological quality of the included studies. To better clarify the potential role of microbiome in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, further high-quality observational (specifically cohort) studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lacorte
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gervasi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Hygiene and Preventive Medicine School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bacigalupo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Raucci
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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17
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Kuo HY, Liu FC. Synaptic Wiring of Corticostriatal Circuits in Basal Ganglia: Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0076-19.2019. [PMID: 31097624 PMCID: PMC6553570 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum is a key hub in the basal ganglia for processing neural information from the sensory, motor, and limbic cortices. The massive and diverse cortical inputs entering the striatum allow the basal ganglia to perform a repertoire of neurological functions ranging from basic level of motor control to high level of cognition. The heterogeneity of the corticostriatal circuits, however, also renders the system susceptible to a repertoire of neurological diseases. Clinical and animal model studies have indicated that defective development of the corticostriatal circuits is linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. Importantly, many neuropsychiatric disease-risk genes have been found to form the molecular building blocks of the circuit wiring at the synaptic level. It is therefore imperative to understand how corticostriatal connectivity is established during development. Here, we review the construction during development of these corticostriatal circuits at the synaptic level, which should provide important insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders related to the basal ganglia and help the development of appropriate therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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18
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Taoufik E, Kouroupi G, Zygogianni O, Matsas R. Synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases: an overview of induced pluripotent stem-cell-based disease models. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180138. [PMID: 30185603 PMCID: PMC6170506 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction in CNS disorders is the outcome of perturbations in physiological synapse structure and function, and can be either the cause or the consequence in specific pathologies. Accumulating data in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, point to a neurodevelopmental origin of these pathologies. Due to a relatively early onset of behavioural and cognitive symptoms, it is generally acknowledged that mental illness initiates at the synapse level. On the other hand, synaptic dysfunction has been considered as an endpoint incident in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, mainly due to the considerably later onset of clinical symptoms and progressive appearance of cognitive deficits. This dichotomy has recently been challenged, particularly since the discovery of cell reprogramming technologies and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from patient somatic cells. The creation of 'disease-in-a-dish' models for multiple CNS pathologies has revealed unexpected commonalities in the molecular and cellular mechanisms operating in both developmental and degenerative conditions, most of which meet at the synapse level. In this review we discuss synaptic dysfunction in prototype neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing overlapping features of synaptopathy that have been suggested by studies using induced pluripotent stem-cell-based systems. These valuable disease models have highlighted a potential neurodevelopmental component in classical neurodegenerative diseases that is worth pursuing and investigating further. Moving from demonstration of correlation to understanding mechanistic causality forms the basis for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kouroupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Zygogianni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
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19
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Son G, Han J. Roles of mitochondria in neuronal development. BMB Rep 2018; 51:549-556. [PMID: 30269744 PMCID: PMC6283025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous and multi-functional organelles involved in diverse metabolic processes, namely energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The intracellular mitochondrial morphology and distribution change dynamically, which reflect the metabolic state of a given cell type. A dramatic change of the mitochondrial dynamics has been observed in early development that led to further investigations on the relationship between mitochondria and the process of development. A significant developmental process to focus on, in this review, is a differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons. Information on how mitochondria- regulated cellular energetics is linked to neuronal development will be discussed, followed by functions of mitochondria and associated diseases in neuronal development. Lastly, the potential use of mitochondrial features in analyzing various neurodevelopmental diseases will be addressed. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(11): 549-556].
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Affiliation(s)
- Geurim Son
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jinju Han
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
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20
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Nakashima H, Tsujimura K, Irie K, Ishizu M, Pan M, Kameda T, Nakashima K. Canonical TGF-β Signaling Negatively Regulates Neuronal Morphogenesis through TGIF/Smad Complex-Mediated CRMP2 Suppression. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4791-810. [PMID: 29695415 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2423-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuronal connectivity requires proper neuronal morphogenesis and its dysregulation causes neurodevelopmental diseases. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family cytokines play pivotal roles in development, but little is known about their contribution to morphological development of neurons. Here we show that the Smad-dependent canonical signaling of TGF-β family cytokines negatively regulates neuronal morphogenesis during brain development. Mechanistically, activated Smads form a complex with transcriptional repressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF), and downregulate the expression of a neuronal polarity regulator, collapsin response mediator protein 2. We also demonstrate that TGF-β family signaling inhibits neurite elongation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β receptor 1, Smad4, or TGIF, which have mutations found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, disrupted neuronal morphogenesis in both mouse (male and female) and human (female) neurons. Together, these findings suggest that the regulation of neuronal morphogenesis by an evolutionarily conserved function of TGF-β signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Canonical transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a crucial role in multiple organ development, including brain, and mutations in components of the signaling pathway associated with several human developmental disorders. In this study, we found that Smads/TG-interacting factor-dependent canonical TGF-β signaling regulates neuronal morphogenesis through the suppression of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) expression during brain development, and that function of this signaling is evolutionarily conserved in the mammalian brain. Mutations in canonical TGF-β signaling factors identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders disrupt the morphological development of neurons. Thus, our results suggest that proper control of TGF-β/Smads/CRMP2 signaling pathways is critical for the precise execution of neuronal morphogenesis, whose impairment eventually results in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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21
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Pozzi D, Menna E, Canzi A, Desiato G, Mantovani C, Matteoli M. The Communication Between the Immune and Nervous Systems: The Role of IL-1β in Synaptopathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:111. [PMID: 29674955 PMCID: PMC5895746 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, groundbreaking genetic progress has underlined a convergence onto coherent synaptic pathways for most psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, which are now collectively called “synaptopathies.” However, the modest size of inheritance detected so far indicates a multifactorial etiology for these disorders, underlining the key contribution of environmental effects to them. Inflammation is known to influence the risk and/or severity of a variety of synaptopathies. In particular, pro-inflammatory cytokines, produced and released in the brain by activated astrocytes and microglia, may play a pivotal role in these pathologies. Although the link between immune system activation and defects in cognitive processes is nowadays clearly established, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators specifically hit synaptic components implicated in synaptopathies is still in its infancy. This review summarizes recent evidence showing that the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) specifically targets synaptopathy molecular substrate, leading to memory defects and pathological processes. In particular, we describe three specific pathways through which IL-1β affects (1) synaptic maintenance/dendritic complexity, (2) spine morphology, and (3) the excitatory/inhibitory balance. We coin the term immune synaptopathies to identify this class of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Canzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Rennert
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bestheda, MD, United States
| | - Mark N Ziats
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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23
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Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Nakajima K, Pierani A, Maeda N. Editorial: Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration during Corticogenesis. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:172. [PMID: 27199636 PMCID: PMC4853391 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Neural Network Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Nobuaki Maeda
- Neural Network Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Japan
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Volpicelli F, Speranza L, di Porzio U, Crispino M, Perrone-Capano C. The serotonin receptor 7 and the structural plasticity of brain circuits. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:318. [PMID: 25309369 PMCID: PMC4162376 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) modulates numerous physiological processes in the nervous system. Together with its function as neurotransmitter, 5-HT regulates neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine shape and density, growth cone motility and synapse formation during development. In the mammalian brain 5-HT innervation is virtually ubiquitous and the diversity and specificity of its signaling and function arise from at least 20 different receptors, grouped in 7 classes. Here we will focus on the role 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) in the correct establishment of neuronal cytoarchitecture during development, as also suggested by its involvement in several neurodevelopmental disorders. The emerging picture shows that this receptor is a key player contributing not only to shape brain networks during development but also to remodel neuronal wiring in the mature brain, thus controlling cognitive and emotional responses. The activation of 5-HT7R might be one of the mechanisms underlying the ability of the CNS to respond to different stimuli by modulation of its circuit configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy ; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Speranza
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto di Porzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy ; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) Naples, Italy
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Balestrieri E, Pitzianti M, Matteucci C, D'Agati E, Sorrentino R, Baratta A, Caterina R, Zenobi R, Curatolo P, Garaci E, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Pasini A. Human endogenous retroviruses and ADHD. World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15:499-504. [PMID: 24286278 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2013.862345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several lines of evidences suggest that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are implicated in the development of many complex diseases with a multifactorial aetiology and a strong heritability, such as neurological and psychiatric diseases. Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from a complex interaction of environmental, biological and genetic factors. Our aim was to analyse the expression levels of three HERV families (HERV-H, K and W) in patients with ADHD. METHODS The expression of retroviral mRNAs from the three HERV families was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 patients with ADHD and 30 healthy controls by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression levels of HERV-H are significantly higher in patients with ADHD compared to healthy controls, while there are no differences in the expression levels of HERV-K and W. CONCLUSIONS Since the ADHD aetiology is due to a complex interaction of environmental, biological and genetic factors, HERVs may represent one link among these factors and clinical phenotype of ADHD. A future confirmation of HERV-H overexpression in a larger number of ADHD patients will make possible to identify it as a new parameter for this clinical condition, also contributing to deepen the study on the role of HERVs in the neurodevelopment diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Abstract
The ability to generate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great promise for the understanding and the treatment of human neurological diseases in modern medicine. The hPSCs are considered for their in vitro use as research tools to provide relevant cellular model for human diseases, drug discovery, and toxicity assays and for their in vivo use in regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we highlight recent progress, promises, and challenges of hPSC applications in human neurological disease modeling and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Hibaoui
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals Geneva, Switzerland
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