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Williams JT, Giletto M, Haiderer ER, Aleiwi B, Krieger-Burke T, Ellsworth E, Abramovitch RB. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL3 inhibitor MSU-43085 is active in a mouse model of infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0367723. [PMID: 38078724 PMCID: PMC10783087 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03677-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE MmpL3 is a protein that is required for the survival of bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. This report describes the discovery and characterization of a new small molecule, MSU-43085, that targets MmpL3 and is a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and M. abscessus survival. MSU-43085 is shown to be orally bioavailable and efficacious in an acute model of Mtb infection. However, the analog is inactive against Mtb in chronically infected mice. Pharmacokinetic and metabolite identification studies identified in vivo metabolism of MSU-43085, leading to a short half-life in treated mice. These proof-of-concept studies will guide further development of the MSU-43085 series for the treatment of TB or NTM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Giletto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Haiderer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Bilal Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Teresa Krieger-Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert B. Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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2
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Natarajan R, Kumar P, Subramani A, Siraperuman A, Angamuthu P, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. A Critical Review on Therapeutic Potential of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Privileged Scaffold. Med Chem 2024; 20:311-351. [PMID: 37946342 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064253813231025093707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole nucleus is a predominant heterocycle displaying a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. The privileged nature of the benzimidazole scaffold has been revealed by its presence in most small molecule drugs and in its ability to bind multiple receptors with high affinity. A literature review of the scaffold reveals several instances where structural modifications of the benzimidazole core have resulted in high-affinity lead compounds against a variety of biological targets. Hence, this structural moiety offers opportunities to discover novel, better, safe and highly potent biological agents. The goal of the present review is to compile the medicinal properties of benzimidazole derivatives with a focus on SAR (Structure-Activity Relationships).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalakshmi Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Padma Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Arunkumar Subramani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, lndia
| | - Amuthalakshmi Siraperuman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Prabakaran Angamuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAE
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur 522212, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
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3
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Guzmán-Rodríguez LE, Arizkuren-Eleta A, Agarwala T, Bornay-Barrachina M. Individual characteristics on multicultural team performance: does the role played by leaders and team members matter? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1281422. [PMID: 38179490 PMCID: PMC10766013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1281422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of individual characteristics of cultural sensitivity, adaptability, cohesion, and cultural diversity on the multicultural team performance. Also, we analyzed the moderating effect of being a team member or a team leader on the relationships mentioned above. To test out hipotheses, data were collected from 415 members of multicultural teams specifically, from 304 team members and 111 leaders. The findings provided evidence to support a positive relationship between cultural sensitivity, adaptability, cohesion, and team performance. Cultural diversity did not show a significant impact on team performance. The study also showed that the leaders and members had different perceptions about the factors that influence team performance. For instance, team members consider that cohesion influences team performance, while leaders consider adaptability as the key factor to achieve performance. Main implications from findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanuja Agarwala
- Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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4
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Patel M, Avashthi G, Gacem A, Alqahtani MS, Park HK, Jeon BH. A Review of Approaches to the Metallic and Non-Metallic Synthesis of Benzimidazole (BnZ) and Their Derivatives for Biological Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5490. [PMID: 37513362 PMCID: PMC10384041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are significant lead drug candidates based on their various structure-activity relationships (SAR), and their use in pharmaceutics is constantly developing. Benzimidazole (BnZ) is synthesized by a condensation reaction between benzene and imidazole. The BnZ structure consists of two nitrogen atoms embedded in a five-membered imide ring which is fused with a benzene ring. This review examines the conventional and green synthesis of metallic and non-metallic BnZ and their derivatives, which have several potential SARs, along with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, and anti-protozoal properties. These compounds have been proven by pharmacological investigations to be efficient against different strains of microbes. Therefore, in this review, the structural variations of BnZ are listed along with various applications, predominantly related to their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Patel
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopal Avashthi
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Bioimaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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North EJ, Schwartz CP, Zgurskaya HI, Jackson M. Recent advances in mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 inhibitor drug design for mycobacterial infections. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:707-724. [PMID: 37226498 PMCID: PMC10330604 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2218082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat, requiring long-courses of intensive multi-drug therapies associated with adverse side effects. To identify better therapeutics, whole cell screens have identified novel pharmacophores, a surprisingly high number of which target an essential lipid transporter known as MmpL3. AREAS COVERED This paper summarizes what is known about MmpL3, its mechanism of lipid transport and therapeutic potential, and provides an overview of the different classes of MmpL3 inhibitors currently under development. It further describes the assays available to study MmpL3 inhibition by these compounds. EXPERT OPINION MmpL3 has emerged as a target of high therapeutic value. Accordingly, several classes of MmpL3 inhibitors are currently under development with one drug candidate (SQ109) having undergone a Phase 2b clinical study. The hydrophobic character of most MmpL3 series identified to date seems to drive antimycobacterial potency resulting in poor bioavailability, which is a significant impediment to their development. There is also a need for more high-throughput and informative assays to elucidate the precise mechanism of action of MmpL3 inhibitors and drive the rational optimization of analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jeffrey North
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Chris P. Schwartz
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Helen I. Zgurskaya
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Alcaraz M, Edwards TE, Kremer L. New therapeutic strategies for Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary diseases - untapping the mycolic acid pathway. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:813-829. [PMID: 37314394 PMCID: PMC10529309 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2224563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment options against Mycobacterium abscessus infections are very limited. New compounds are needed to cure M. abscessus pulmonary diseases. While the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway has been largely exploited for the treatment of tuberculosis, this metabolic process has been overlooked in M. abscessus, although it offers many potential drug targets for the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the role of the MmpL3 membrane protein and the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA involved in the transport and synthesis of mycolic acids, respectively. They discuss their importance as two major vulnerable drug targets in M. abscessus and report the activity of MmpL3 and InhA inhibitors. In particular, they focus on NITD-916, a direct InhA inhibitor against M. abscessus, particularly warranted in the context of multidrug resistance. EXPERT OPINION There is an increasing body of evidence validating the mycolic acid pathway as an attractive drug target to be further exploited for M. abscessus lung disease treatments. The NITD-916 studies provide a proof-of-concept that direct inhibitors of InhA are efficient in vitro, in macrophages and in zebrafish. Future work is now required to improve the activity and pharmacological properties of these inhibitors and their evaluation in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthéo Alcaraz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA 98109 USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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7
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Kumar G, Kapoor S. Targeting mycobacterial membranes and membrane proteins: Progress and limitations. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117212. [PMID: 36804747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis continues to hold center stage. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses robust defense mechanisms against most front-line antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. It is now well-established that bacteria change their membrane composition to optimize their environment to survive and elude drug action. Thus targeting membrane or membrane components is a promising avenue for exploiting the chemical space focussed on developing novel membrane-centric anti-bacterial small molecules. These approaches are more effective, non-toxic, and can attenuate resistance phenotype. We present the relevance of targeting the mycobacterial membrane as a practical therapeutic approach. The review highlights the direct and indirect targeting of membrane structure and function. Direct membrane targeting agents cause perturbation in the membrane potential and can cause leakage of the cytoplasmic contents. In contrast, indirect membrane targeting agents disrupt the function of membrane-associated proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis or energy production. We discuss the chronological chemical improvements in various scaffolds targeting specific membrane-associated protein targets, their clinical evaluation, and up-to-date account of their ''mechanisms of action, potency, selectivity'' and limitations. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work have emerged from target-based identification, cell-based phenotypic screening, drug repurposing, and natural products. We believe this review will inspire the exploration of uncharted chemical space for informing the development of new scaffolds that can inhibit novel mycobacterial membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Departemnt of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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8
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Olczak A, Pawlak T, Kałużyńska S, Gobis K, Korona-Głowniak I, Suśniak K, Zaborowski M, Szczesio M. Structure and Microbiological Activity of 1 H-benzo[ d]imidazole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043319. [PMID: 36834732 PMCID: PMC9961232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new crystal structures of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were determined. In the structures of these compounds, an identical system of hydrogen bonds, C(4), was observed. Solid-state NMR was applied for testing the quality of the obtained samples. All of these compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal activity, by checking their selectivity. ADME calculations indicate that the compounds can be tested as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Olczak
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwia Kałużyńska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. Hallera Ave. 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Suśniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Zaborowski
- Dean Office’s, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 114, 90-543 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Convenient and green synthesis of novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole compounds and their antibacterial activity evaluation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Sindhu G, Kholiya R, Kidwai S, Singh P, Singh R, Rawat DS. Design and synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as antimycobacterial agents. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23123. [PMID: 35686933 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized with the aim to identify compounds with potent anti-TB activity. All the compounds were screened in vitro against cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv strain and found to be exhibiting MIC99 values in the range of 0.195-100 µM. Out of 43 synthesized compounds, two compounds 11h and 13e showed better anti-TB activity than the reference drug isoniazid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Kholiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Saqib Kidwai
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Padam Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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11
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Gobis K, Szczesio M, Olczak A, Korona-Głowniak I, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Mazernt-Politowicz I, Ziembicka D, Główka ML. Differences in the Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrazones Derived from Methyl 4-Phenylpicolinimidate. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093085. [PMID: 35591419 PMCID: PMC9103619 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Four novel methyl 4-phenylpicolinoimidate derivatives of hydrazone have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, including tuberculostatic activity. The compounds obtained are condensates of hydrazonamide or hydrazide with 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde or 5-nitro-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde. The antimicrobial activity of the tested compounds varied. Compound 3b exhibited significant activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria (7.8–250 µg/mL). The results of structural tests revealed that the compound is the only one obtained in the form of a Z isomer. Tuberculostatic activity tests showed higher activity of derivatives 3a and 4a containing nitrofuran systems (MICs 3.1–12.5 µg/mL). This research allowed us to identify hydrazone 3b as a starting point for further optimization in the search for antimicrobial drugs. Likewise, compound 4a appears to be a good guiding structure for use in future research on new anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Av., 80-438 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-16-47
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.O.); (I.M.-P.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Andrzej Olczak
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.O.); (I.M.-P.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 26 Płocka Str., 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ida Mazernt-Politowicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.O.); (I.M.-P.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Dagmara Ziembicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Av., 80-438 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Marek L. Główka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.O.); (I.M.-P.); (M.L.G.)
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12
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Addison W, Frederickson M, Coyne AG, Abell C. Potential therapeutic targets from Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab): Recently reported efforts towards the discovery of novel antibacterial agents to treat Mab infections. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:392-404. [PMID: 35647542 PMCID: PMC9020770 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) are rapidly growing mycobacteria that cause severe and persistent infections in both skin and lung tissues. Treatment regimens involve the extended usage of complex combinations of drugs, often leading to severe adverse side effects, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Current macrolide therapies are gradually proving to be less effective, largely due to emergence of antibiotic resistance; there is therefore an increasing need for the discovery of new antibacterials that are active against Mab. This review highlights recent research centred upon a number of potential therapeutic targets from Mab (Ag85C, ClpC1, GyrB, MmpL3 and TrmD), and discusses the various approaches used to discover small molecule inhibitors, in the search for future antibiotics for the treatment of Mab infections. Recently reported inhibitors developed against targets from Mycobacterium absecessus (Mab).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- William Addison
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Martyn Frederickson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Anthony G Coyne
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Chris Abell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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13
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Synthesis of 4-[(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]benzaldehyde and 2-({4-[(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]phenyl}methylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the preparation of 2-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-benzylidene)-hydrazine-1-carbothioamide in two steps. In the first step, 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzimidazole-2-thione was reacted with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde in DMSO to get 4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]benzaldehyde in high yield. The reaction of the obtained aldehyde with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol at reflux temperature yielded 2-({4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]phenyl}methylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C), mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy.
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14
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Umare MD, Khedekar PB, Chikhale RV. Mycobacterial Membrane Protein Large 3 (MmpL3) Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Combat Tuberculosis. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3136-3148. [PMID: 34288519 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a prominent aliment throughout the world and a leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases. Drug development for multi-drug resistance and reducing the current therapy time is the top priority. Mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3) is a promising target with high potential, however, it has not been explored to its greatest potential. It is a membrane transporter that translocates trehalose-monomycolate which is a precursor for the synthesis of mycolic acid that is essential for the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall and is pathogenic in nature. In this review, we have discussed the current development of MmpL3 inhibitors, different scaffolds, their derivatives, and their synthetic schemes and provide insight into the challenges in developing these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit D Umare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, MS, India
| | - Pramod B Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, MS, India
| | - Rupesh V Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK
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15
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Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections are a growing concern, and their incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Current treatments are not necessarily useful because many were initially designed to work against other bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, inadequate treatment means that resistant strains are increasingly appearing, particularly for Mycobacterium abscessus, one of the most virulent nontuberculous mycobacteria. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics specifically directed against these nontuberculous mycobacteria. To help in this fight against the emergence of these pathogens, this review describes the most promising heterocyclic antibiotics under development, with particular attention paid to their structure-activity relationships.
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16
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Alzhrani ZMM, Alam MM, Nazreen S. Recent advancements on Benzimidazole: A versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:365-386. [PMID: 33797365 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210331163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is nitrogen containing fused heterocycle which has been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry. Benzimidizole nucleus has been found to possess various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular and antidiabetic. A number of benzimidazoles such as bendamustine, pantoprazole have been approved for the treatment of various illnesses whereas galeterone and GSK461364 are in clinical trials. The present review article gives an overview about the different biological activities exhibited by the benzimidazole derivatives as well as different methods used for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives for the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
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17
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Egorova A, Jackson M, Gavrilyuk V, Makarov V. Pipeline of anti-Mycobacterium abscessus small molecules: Repurposable drugs and promising novel chemical entities. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2350-2387. [PMID: 33645845 DOI: 10.1002/med.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of emerging pathogens that are difficult to treat. There are no effective drugs for successful M. abscessus pulmonary infection therapy, and existing drug regimens recommended by the British or the American Thoracic Societies are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, novel antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to contain this global threat. The current anti-M. abscessus small-molecule drug development process can be enhanced by two parallel strategies-discovery of compounds from new chemical classes and commercial drug repurposing. This review focuses on recent advances in the finding of novel small-molecule agents, and more particularly focuses on the activity, mode of action and structure-activity relationship of promising inhibitors from five different chemical classes-benzimidazoles, indole-2-carboxamides, benzothiazoles, 4-piperidinoles, and oxazolidionones. We further discuss some other interesting small molecules, such as thiacetazone derivatives and benzoboroxoles, that are in the early stages of drug development, and summarize current knowledge about the efficacy of repurposable drugs, such as rifabutin, tedizolid, bedaquiline, and others. We finally review targets of therapeutic interest in M. abscessus that may be worthy of future drug and adjunct therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Colorado, Fort Collins, USA
| | | | - Vadim Makarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Dhameliya TM, Patel KI, Tiwari R, Vagolu SK, Panda D, Sriram D, Chakraborti AK. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamides as new anti-TB agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104538. [PMID: 33349456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death globally among infectious diseases. Due to the development of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to currently used anti-TB medicines and the TB-HIV synergism the urgent need to develop novel anti-mycobacterial agents has been realized. The drug-to-target path has been the successful strategy for new anti-TB drug development. All the six drug candidates that have shown promise during the clinical trials and some of these being approved for treatment against MDR TB are the results of phenotype screening of small molecule compound libraries. In search of compounds belonging to novel pharmacophoric class that could be subjected to whole cell assay to generate new anti-TB leads the benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide moiety has been designed as a novel anti-TB scaffold. The design was based on the identification of the benzimidazole ring as a prominent substructure of the FDA approved drugs, the structural analysis of reported anti-TB benzimidazoles, and the presence of the C-2 carboxamido functionality in novel bioisoteric anti-TB benzothiazoles. Twenty seven final compounds have been prepared via NH4Cl-catalyzed amidation of ethyl benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxylates, as the required intermediates, obtained through a green "all water" one-pot synthetic route following a tandem N-arylation-reduction-cyclocondensation procedure. All of the synthesised target compounds were assessed for anti-TB potential using H37Rv ATCC27294 strain. Thirteen compounds were found with better MIC (0.78-6.25 µg/mL) than the standard drugs and being non-cytotoxic nature (<50% inhibition against RAW 264.7 cell lines at 50 µg/mL). The compound 8e exhibited best anti-TB activity (MIC: 2.15 µM and selectivity index: > 60) and a few others e.g., 8a, 8f, 8k and 8o are the next best anti-TB hits (MIC: 1.56 µg/mL). The determination and analysis of various physiochemical parameters revealed favorable druglike properties of the active compounds. The compounds 8a-l and 8o, with MIC values of ≤ 6.25 μg/mL, have high LipE values (10.66-11.77) that are higher than that of the suggested value of > 6 derived from empirical evidence for quality drug candidates and highlight their therapeutic potential. The highest LipE value of 11.77 of the best active compound 8e with the MIC of 0.78 μg/mL indicates its better absorption and clearance as a probable clinical candidate for anti-TB drug discovery. These findings highlight the discovery of benzimidazole-2-carboxamides for further development as new anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Kshitij I Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Siva Krishna Vagolu
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
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19
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Sethiya JP, Sowards MA, Jackson M, North EJ. MmpL3 Inhibition: A New Approach to Treat Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6202. [PMID: 32867307 PMCID: PMC7503588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Outside of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria (>190 species) and are classified as slow- or rapid-growing mycobacteria. Infections caused by NTM show an increased incidence in immunocompromised patients and patients with underlying structural lung disease. The true global prevalence of NTM infections remains unknown because many countries do not require mandatory reporting of the infection. This is coupled with a challenging diagnosis and identification of the species. Current therapies for treatment of NTM infections require multidrug regimens for a minimum of 18 months and are associated with serious adverse reactions, infection relapse, and high reinfection rates, necessitating discovery of novel antimycobacterial agents. Robust drug discovery processes have discovered inhibitors targeting mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3), a protein responsible for translocating mycolic acids from the inner membrane to periplasm in the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell membrane. This review focuses on promising new chemical scaffolds that inhibit MmpL3 function and represent interesting and promising putative drug candidates for the treatment of NTM infections. Additionally, agents (FS-1, SMARt-420, C10) that promote reversion of drug resistance are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar P. Sethiya
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (J.P.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Melanie A. Sowards
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (J.P.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Elton Jeffrey North
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (J.P.S.); (M.A.S.)
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20
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Shao M, McNeil M, Cook GM, Lu X. MmpL3 inhibitors as antituberculosis drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Jiménez-Juárez R, Cruz-Chávez W, de Jesús-Ramírez N, Castro-Ramírez GI, Uribe-González I, Martínez-Mejía G, Ruiz-Nicolás R, Aguirre-Alvarado C, Castrejón-Jiménez NS, García-Pérez BE. Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of 2,5-Disubstituted and 1,2,5-Trisubstituted Benzimidazoles. Front Chem 2020; 8:433. [PMID: 32656177 PMCID: PMC7325987 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the dramatic increase in infection rates worldwide evidences the urgency of developing new and effective compounds for treating tuberculosis. Benzimidazoles represent one possible source of new compounds given that antimycobacterial activity has already been documented for some derivatives, such as those bearing electron-withdrawing groups. The aim of this study was to synthesize two series of benzimidazoles, di- and trisubstituted derivatives, and evaluate their antimycobacterial activity. Accordingly, 5a and 5b were synthesized from hydroxymoyl halides 3a and 3b, and nitro-substituted o-phenylenediamine 4. Compound 11 was synthesized from an aromatic nitro compound, 4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine 9, mixed with 3-nitrobenzaldehyde 10, and bentonite clay. Although the synthesis of 11 has already been reported, its antimycobacterial activity is herein examined for the first time. 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles 7a, 7b, and 12 were obtained from N-alkylation of 5a, 5b, and 11. All benzimidazole derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and HR-MS, and then screened for their in vitro antimycobacterial effect against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. The N-alkylated molecules (7a, 7b, and 12) generated very limited in vitro inhibition of mycobacterial growth. The benzimidazoles (5a, 5b, and 11) showed in vitro potency against mycobacteria, reflected in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 6.25-25 μg/mL. Consequently, only the 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazoles were assessed for biological activity on mouse macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis. A good effect was found for the three compounds. The cytotoxicity assay revealed very low toxicity for all the test compounds against the macrophage cell line. According to the docking study, 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazoles exhibit high affinity for an interdomain cleft that plays a key role in the GTP-dependent polymerization of the filamentous temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) protein. The ability of different benzimidazoles to impede FtsZ polymerization is reportedly related to their antimycobacterial activity. On the other hand, the 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles docked to the N-terminal of the protein, close to the GTP binding domain, and did not show strong binding energies. Overall, 5a, 5b, and 11 proved to be good candidates for in vivo testing to determine their potential for treating tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Jiménez-Juárez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wendy Cruz-Chávez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayeli de Jesús-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ivonne Castro-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Uribe-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Martínez-Mejía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ruiz-Nicolás
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Charmina Aguirre-Alvarado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional, La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Mexico
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Raynaud C, Daher W, Johansen MD, Roquet-Banères F, Blaise M, Onajole OK, Kozikowski AP, Herrmann JL, Dziadek J, Gobis K, Kremer L. Active Benzimidazole Derivatives Targeting the MmpL3 Transporter in Mycobacterium abscessus. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:324-337. [PMID: 31860799 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of pulmonary infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus has been increasing and surpassing tuberculosis (TB) in some industrialized countries. Because of intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics that drastically limits conventional chemotherapeutic treatment options, new anti-M. abscessus therapeutics are urgently needed against this emerging pathogen. Extensive screening of a library of benzimidazole derivatives that were previously shown to be active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis led to the identification of a lead compound exhibiting very potent in vitro activity against a wide panel of M. abscessus clinical strains. Designated EJMCh-6, this compound, a 2-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole), also exerted very strong activity against intramacrophage-residing M. abscessus. Moreover, the treatment of infected zebrafish embryos with EJMCh-6 was correlated with significantly increased embryo survival and a decrease in the bacterial burden as compared to those for untreated fish. Insights into the mechanism of action were inferred from the generation of spontaneous benzimidazole-resistant strains and the identification of a large set of missense mutations in MmpL3, the mycolic acid transporter in mycobacteria. Overexpression of the mutated mmpL3 alleles in a susceptible M. abscessus strain was associated with high resistance levels to EJMCh-6 and to other known MmpL3 inhibitors. Mapping the mutations conferring resistance on an MmpL3 three-dimensional homology model defined a potential EJMCh-6-binding cavity. These data emphasize a yet unexploited chemical structure class against M. abscessus with promising translational development for the treatment of M. abscessus lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Raynaud
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Roquet-Banères
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Oluseye K. Onajole
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, 425 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- StarWise Therapeutics LLC, 2020 N. Lincoln Park West, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- 2I, UVSQ, INSERM UMR1173, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- APHP, GHU-Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź 93-232, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Gen. Hallera Avenue, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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23
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Sirim MM, Krishna VS, Sriram D, Unsal Tan O. Novel benzimidazole-acrylonitrile hybrids and their derivatives: Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Mishra A, Dwivedi AD, Shee S, Kundu S. Cobalt-catalyzed alkylation of methyl-substituted N-heteroarenes with primary alcohols: direct access to functionalized N-heteroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:249-252. [PMID: 31803871 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08448g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine free, air and moisture stable Co(NNN) complex catalyzed alkylation of various methyl-substituted N-heteroarenes with alcohols is reported. Following the borrowing hydrogen methodology, a variety of methyl-substituted N-heteroarenes can be functionalized efficiently. To understand the mechanism of this reaction various kinetic and control experiments were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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25
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1 H-Benzo[ d]Imidazole Derivatives Affect MmpL3 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00441-19. [PMID: 31332069 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00441-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives exhibit antitubercular activity in vitro at a nanomolar range of concentrations and are not toxic to human cells, but their mode of action remains unknown. Here, we showed that these compounds are active against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis To identify their target, we selected drug-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants and then used whole-genome sequencing to unravel mutations in the essential mmpL3 gene, which encodes the integral membrane protein that catalyzes the export of trehalose monomycolate, a precursor of the mycobacterial outer membrane component trehalose dimycolate (TDM), as well as mycolic acids bound to arabinogalactan. The drug-resistant phenotype was also observed in the parental strain overexpressing the mmpL3 alleles carrying the mutations identified in the resistors. However, no cross-resistance was observed between 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives and SQ109, another MmpL3 inhibitor, or other first-line antitubercular drugs. Metabolic labeling and quantitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of radiolabeled lipids from M. tuberculosis cultures treated with the benzoimidazoles indicated an inhibition of trehalose dimycolate (TDM) synthesis, as well as reduced levels of mycolylated arabinogalactan, in agreement with the inhibition of MmpL3 activity. Overall, this study emphasizes the pronounced activity of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives in interfering with mycolic acid metabolism and their potential for therapeutic application in the fight against tuberculosis.
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26
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Sitwala ND, Vyas VK, Gedia P, Patel K, Bouzeyen R, Kidwai S, Singh R, Ghate MD. 3D QSAR-based design and liquid phase combinatorial synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid and 3-substituted-5 H-benzimidazo[1,2- d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(7 H)-one derivatives as anti-mycobacterial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:817-827. [PMID: 31293724 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the present study, a 3D QSAR study was performed for the design of novel substituted benzimidazole derivatives as anti-mycobacterial agents. The anti-tubercular activity of the designed compounds was predicted using the generated 3D QSAR models. The designed compounds which showed better activity were synthesized as 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives (series 1) and 3-substituted-5H-benzimidazo[1,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(7H)-one derivatives (series 2) using the liquid phase combinatorial approach using a soluble polymer assisted support (PEG5000). The compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR and mass spectrometry. HPLC analysis was carried out to evaluate the purity of the compounds. We observed that the synthesised compounds inhibited the growth of intracellular M. tuberculosis H37Rv in a bactericidal manner. The most active compound 16 displayed an MIC value of 0.0975 μM against the Mtb H37Rv strain in liquid cultures. The lead compound was also able to inhibit the growth of intracellular mycobacteria in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikum D Sitwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , Gujarat , India .
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , Gujarat , India .
| | - Piyush Gedia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , Gujarat , India .
| | - Kinjal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , Gujarat , India .
| | - Rania Bouzeyen
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis , LTCII, LR11 IPT02 , Tunis , 1002 , Tunisia.,Université Tunis El Manar , Tunis , 1068 , Tunisia
| | - Saqib Kidwai
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory , Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre , Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway , Haryana , India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory , Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre , Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway , Haryana , India
| | - Manjunath D Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , Gujarat , India .
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27
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Qin H, Miao Y, Xu J, Bi Q, Qu W, Liu W, Feng F, Sun H. A facile and efficient [4 + 2] annulation reaction of sulfur ylides: access to N-fused benzimidazoles. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-fused benzimidazoles via sulfur ylides is first reported. The reaction system is facile and mild without a metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Qirui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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Krause M, Foks H, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Napiórkowska A, Szczesio M, Gobis K. Synthesis and Tuberculostatic Activity Evaluation of Novel Benzazoles with Alkyl, Cycloalkyl or Pyridine Moiety. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040985. [PMID: 29690646 PMCID: PMC6017942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds possessing benzimidazole system exhibit significant antituberculous activity. In order to examine how structure modifications affect tuberculostatic activity, a series of benzazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for their antitubercular activity. The compounds 1–20 were obtained by the reaction between o-diamine, o-aminophenol, or o-aminothiophenol with carboxylic acids or thioamides. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. Synthesized benzazoles were evaluated for their tuberculostatic activity toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to study the molecular geometry and the electronic structure of benzimidazoles GK-151B, 4, 6, and benzoxazole 11, using the Gaussian 03W software (Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford, CT, USA). Three-dimensional structure of benzimidazoles 1–3, MC-9, and GK-151B was determined by ab initio calculation using Gamess-US software. The activity of the received benzimidazoles was moderate or good. All of the benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles demonstrated much lower activity. Benzoxazoles were less active by about 50 times, and benzothiazole by 100 times than the benzimidazole analogs. Quantum chemical calculations showed differences in the distribution of electrostatic potential in the benzazole system of benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles. Three-dimensional structure calculations revealed how the parity of the alkyl substituent at the C2 position impacts the activity. Benzimidazole system is essential for the antituberculosis activity that is associated with the presence of the imine nitrogen atom in N-1 position. Its replacement by an oxygen or sulfur atom results in a decrease of the activity. The parity of the alkyl substituent at the C-2 position also modifies the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Krause
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Henryk Foks
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, 26 Płocka Str., 01138 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Napiórkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, 26 Płocka Str., 01138 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Łodź, Żeromskiego 116 Str., 90924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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29
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Fan YL, Jin XH, Huang ZP, Yu HF, Zeng ZG, Gao T, Feng LS. Recent advances of imidazole-containing derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:347-365. [PMID: 29544148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis still remains one of the most common, communicable, and leading deadliest diseases known to mankind throughout the world. Drug-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis which threatens to worsen the global tuberculosis epidemic has caused great concern in recent years. To overcome the resistance, the development of new drugs with novel mechanisms of actions is of great importance. Imidazole-containing derivatives endow with various biological properties, and some of them demonstrated excellent anti-tubercular activity. As the most emblematic example, 4-nitroimidazole delamanid has already received approval for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infected patients. Thus, imidazole-containing derivatives have caused great interests in discovery of new anti-tubercular agents. Numerous of imidazole-containing derivatives were synthesized and screened for their in vitro and in vivo anti-mycobacterial activities against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogens. This review aims to outline the recent advances of imidazole-containing derivatives as anti-tubercular agents, and summarize the structure-activity relationship of these derivatives. The enriched structure-activity relationship may pave the way for the further rational development of imidazole-containing derivatives as anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jin
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hai-Feng Yu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zeng
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
| | - Tao Gao
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
| | - Lian-Shun Feng
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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30
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Kumar V, Patel S, Jain R. New structural classes of antituberculosis agents. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:684-740. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Akal University; Talwandi Sabo Punjab 151 302 India
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
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31
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Fernandes GFDS, Man Chin C, Dos Santos JL. Advances in Drug Discovery of New Antitubercular Multidrug-Resistant Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10020051. [PMID: 28587160 PMCID: PMC5490408 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the infectious disease responsible for the highest number of deaths worldwide. The increased number of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) strains, and the ineffectiveness of the current treatment against latent tuberculosis are challenges to be overcome in the coming years. The scenario of drug discovery becomes alarming when it is considered that the number of new drugs does not increase proportionally to the emergence of drug resistance. In this review, we will demonstrate the current advances in antitubercular drug discovery, focusing on the research of compounds with potent antituberculosis activity against MDR-TB strains. Herein, active compounds against MDR-TB with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) less than 11 µM and low toxicity published in the last 4 years in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Felipe Dos Santos Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800060, Brazil.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800060, Brazil.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
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32
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Krause M, Foks H, Gobis K. Pharmacological Potential and Synthetic Approaches of Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030399. [PMID: 28273868 PMCID: PMC6155225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural resemblance between the fused imidazopyridine heterocyclic ring system and purines has prompted biological investigations to assess their potential therapeutic significance. They are known to play a crucial role in numerous disease conditions. The discovery of their first bioactivity as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators divulged their medicinal potential. Proton pump inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, and NSAIDs were also found in this chemical group. Imidazopyridines have the ability to influence many cellular pathways necessary for the proper functioning of cancerous cells, pathogens, components of the immune system, enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, etc. The collective results of biochemical and biophysical properties foregrounded their medicinal significance in central nervous system, digestive system, cancer, inflammation, etc. In recent years, new preparative methods for the synthesis of imidazopyridines using various catalysts have been described. The present manuscript to the best of our knowledge is the complete compilation on the synthesis and medicinal aspects of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines reported from the year 2000 to date, including structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Krause
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Henryk Foks
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Akhtar W, Khan MF, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Rizvi MA, Mehdi SH, Akhter M, Alam MM. Therapeutic evolution of benzimidazole derivatives in the last quinquennial period. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:705-753. [PMID: 27951484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole, a fused heterocycle bearing benzene and imidazole has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities. This nitrogen containing heterocycle is a part of a number of therapeutically used agents. Moreover, a number of patents concerning this moiety in the last few years further highlight its worth. The present review covers the recent work published by scientists across the globe during last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M A Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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34
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Benzimidazole-core as an antimycobacterial agent. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1254-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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De Grandis RA, Resende FA, da Silva MM, Pavan FR, Batista AA, Varanda EA. In vitro evaluation of the cyto-genotoxic potential of Ruthenium(II) SCAR complexes: a promising class of antituberculosis agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 798-799:11-8. [PMID: 26994489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a top infectious disease killer worldwide, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Increasing incidences of multiple drug-resistance (MDR) strains are emerging as one of the major public health threats. However, the drugs in use are still incapable of controlling the appalling upsurge of MDR. In recent years a marked number of research groups have devoted their attention toward the development of specific and cost-effective antimicrobial agents against targeted MDR-Tuberculosis. In previous studies, ruthenium(II) complexes (SCAR) have shown a promising activity against MDR-Tuberculosis although few studies have indeed considered ruthenium toxicity. Therefore, within the preclinical requirements, we have sought to determine the cyto-genotoxicity of three SCAR complexes in this present study. The treatment with the SCARs induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability in CHO-K1 and HepG2 cells. Based on the clonogenic survival, SCAR 5 was found to be more cytotoxic while SCAR 6 exhibited selectivity action on tumor cells. Although SCAR 4 and 5 did not indicate any mutagenic activity as evidenced by the Ames and Cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assays, the complex SCAR 6 was found to engender a frameshift mutation detected by Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of S9. Similarly, we observed a chromosomal damage in HepG2 cells with significant increases of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges. These data indicate that SCAR 4 and 5 complexes did not show genotoxicity in our models while SCAR 6 was considered mutagenic. This study presented a comprehensive genotoxic evaluation of SCAR complexes were shown to be genotoxic in vitro. All in all, further studies are required to fully elucidate how the properties can affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Centro Universitário de Araraquara, UNIARA, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Monize Martins da Silva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCAR, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCAR, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Mahdavi M, Hariri R, Saeedi M, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A, Akbarzadeh T. Synthesis of new benzo[f]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepines: AgNO3-mediated intramolecular hydroamination. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Gurry M, Sweeney M, McArdle P, Aldabbagh F. One-pot hydrogen peroxide and hydrohalic acid induced ring closure and selective aromatic halogenation to give new ring-fused benzimidazoles. Org Lett 2015; 17:2856-9. [PMID: 25988758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of selectively dichlorinated and dibrominated five- to eight-membered-ring [1,2-a]-fused benzimidazoles and [1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazoles are synthesized in mostly high yields of >80% using the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and hydrohalic acid with commercially available o-cyclic amine substituted anilines. Domestic bleach with HCl can also be used for a one-pot ring closure and chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gurry
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Sweeney
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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38
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Gobis K, Foks H, Suchan K, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Napiórkowska A, Bojanowski K. Novel 2-(2-phenalkyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles as antitubercular agents. Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure–activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2112-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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