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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, Sayed AS. Fused thiophene as a privileged scaffold: A review on anti-Alzheimer's disease potentials via targeting cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and Aβ aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131018. [PMID: 38518928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
As a "silent threat," Alzheimer's disease (AD) is quickly rising to the top of the list of costly and troublesome diseases facing humanity. It is growing to be one of the most troublesome and expensive conditions, with annual health care costs higher than those of cancer and comparable to those of cardiovascular disorders. One of the main pathogenic characteristics of AD is the deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) which plays a vital role in memory, learning, and attention. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) play a crucial role in hydrolyzing ACh. Consequently, a frequent therapy approach for AD is the suppression of AChE and BChE to improve cholinergic neurotransmission and reduce cognitive symptoms. The accumulation of amyloid plaques (Aβ) is a primary factor contributing to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3-β) is regarded as a pivotal player in the pathophysiology of AD since dysregulation of this kinase affects all major hallmarks of the disease, such as tau phosphorylation, Aβ aggregation, memory, neurogenesis, and synaptic function. One of the most challenging and risky issues in modern medicinal chemistry is the urgent and ongoing need for the study and development of effective therapeutic candidates for the treatment of AD. A significant class of heterocyclic molecules that can target the complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of AD are fused thiophene derivatives. The goal of the current review is to demonstrate the advancements made in fused thiophene derivatives' anti-AD activity. It also covers their mechanisms of action and studies of the structure-activity relationships in addition to the compilation of significant synthetic routes for fused thiophene derivatives with anti-AD potential. This review is intended to stimulate new ideas in the search for more rationale designs of derivatives based on fused thiophene, hoping to be more potent in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ehab M Gedawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
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2
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Roy S, Budhathoki S, Iqbal AD, Erickson AN, Ali MA, Alam MA. Domino Reaction Protocol to Synthesize Benzothiophene-Derived Chemical Entities as Potential Therapeutic Agents. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3781-3799. [PMID: 38408196 PMCID: PMC10947603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 3-amino-2-formyl-functionalized benzothiophenes by a domino reaction protocol and their use to synthesize a library of novel scaffolds have been reported. Reactions of ketones and 1,3-diones with these amino aldehyde derivatives formed a series of benzothieno[3,2-b]pyridine and 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzothiopheno[3,2-b]quinolin-1-one, respectively. A plausible mechanism for the formation of fused pyridine derivatives by the Friedlander reaction has been elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, hydrazones were obtained by reacting the aldehyde functional group of benzothiophenes with different hydrazine derivatives. Preliminary screening of these compounds against several bacterial strains and cancer cell lines led to the discovery of several hit molecules. Hydrazone and benzothieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives are potent cytotoxic and antibacterial agents, respectively. One of the potent compounds effected ∼97% growth inhibition of the LOX IMVI cell line at 10 μM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 70401, United States
- Environmental Sciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
| | - Shailesh Budhathoki
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
| | - Ahmed D Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 70401, United States
| | - Alexander N Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Abrar Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 70401, United States
- Environmental Sciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
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3
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Eldehna WM, Mahmoud ST, Elshnawey ER, Elsayed ZM, Majrashi TA, El-Ashrey MK, Rashed M, Hemeda LR, Shoun AA, Elkaeed EB, El Hassab MA, Abdel-Aziz MM, Shahin MI. Novel indolinone-tethered benzothiophenes as anti-tubercular agents against MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107009. [PMID: 38070474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Joining the global effort to eradicate tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious killers in the world, we disclose in this paper the design and synthesis of new indolinone-tethered benzothiophene hybrids 6a-i and 7a-i as potential anti-tubercular agents. The MICs were determined in vitro for the synthesized compounds against the sensitive M. tuberculosis strain ATCC 25177. Potent compounds 6b, 6d, 6f, 6h, 7a, 7b, 7d, 7f, 7h and 7i were furtherly assessed versus resistant MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Structure activity relationship investigation of the synthesized compounds was illustrated, accordingly. Superlative potency was unveiled for compound 6h (MIC = 0.48, 1.95 and 7.81 µg/mL for ATCC 25177 sensitive TB strain, resistant MDR-TB and XDR-TB, respectively). Moreover, validated in vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed for the most potent derivative 6h revealing superior pharmacokinetic profile over the reference drug. For further exploration of the anti-tubercular mechanism of action, molecular docking was carried out for the former compound in DprE1 active site as one of the important biological targets of TB. The binding mode and the docking score uncovered exceptional binding when compared to the co-crystallized ligand suggesting that it maybe the underlying target for its outstanding anti-tubercular potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Sally Tarek Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Esraa R Elshnawey
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rashed
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Loah R Hemeda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Aly A Shoun
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, 44813, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mai I Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Ergüden B, Lüleci HB, Ünver Y. Benzothiophene Schiff Bases Disrupt Cytoplasmic Membrane Integrity of Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria Cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2024; 50:128-137. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162024010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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5
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Al-Warhi T, Rashad NM, Almahli H, Abdel-Aziz MM, Elsayed ZM, Shahin MI, Eldehna WM. Design and synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene-based hybrids as novel antitubercular agents against MDR/XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300529. [PMID: 37946574 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to support the global fight against tuberculosis (TB), which is widely recognized as the most lethal infectious disease worldwide, we present the design and synthesis of new benzo[b]thiophene-based hybrids as promising candidates for the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The isatin motif was incorporated into the target hybrids as it represents a privileged scaffold in antitubercular drug discovery. Since lipophilicity plays a pivotal role in the anti-TB agents' activity, the lipophilicity of the target hybrids was manipulated via the development of two series of N-1 methyl and N-1 benzyl substituted isatins (6a-h and 9a-h, respectively). Screening of the target hybrids was first performed against drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis (ATCC 25177). The structure-activity relationship outputs highlighted that incorporation of 3-unsubstituted benzo[b]thiophene and 5-methoxy isatin moieties was favorable for the antimycobacterial activity. Thereafter, the most potent molecules (6b-h, 9c-e, and 9h) were evaluated against the resistant strains MDR-TB (ATCC 35822) as well as against XDR-TB (RCMB 2674) where they displayed promising activity. To evaluate the safety of the target hybrids, an sulforhodamine B assay was conducted to determine their possible cytotoxic effects on VERO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen M Rashad
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mai I Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Bono A, Lauria A, La Monica G, Alamia F, Mingoia F, Martorana A. In Silico Design of New Dual Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M PRO through Ligand- and Structure-Based Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098377. [PMID: 37176082 PMCID: PMC10179319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral main protease is one of the most attractive targets among all key enzymes involved in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Considering its mechanism of action, both the catalytic and dimerization regions could represent crucial sites for modulating its activity. Dual-binding the SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors could arrest the replication process of the virus by simultaneously preventing dimerization and proteolytic activity. To this aim, in the present work, we identified two series' of small molecules with a significant affinity for SARS-CoV-2 MPRO, by a hybrid virtual screening protocol, combining ligand- and structure-based approaches with multivariate statistical analysis. The Biotarget Predictor Tool was used to filter a large in-house structural database and select a set of benzo[b]thiophene and benzo[b]furan derivatives. ADME properties were investigated, and induced fit docking studies were performed to confirm the DRUDIT prediction. Principal component analysis and docking protocol at the SARS-CoV-2 MPRO dimerization site enable the identification of compounds 1b,c,i,l and 2i,l as promising drug molecules, showing favorable dual binding site affinity on SARS-CoV-2 MPRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bono
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele La Monica
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Alamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mingoia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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7
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Murai Y, Hashimoto M. Heteroaromatic Diazirines Are Essential Building Blocks for Material and Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031408. [PMID: 36771073 PMCID: PMC9921084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In materials (polymer) science and medicinal chemistry, heteroaromatic derivatives play the role of the central skeleton in development of novel devices and discovery of new drugs. On the other hand, (3-trifluoromethyl)phenyldiazirine (TPD) is a crucial chemical method for understanding biological processes such as ligand-receptor, nucleic acid-protein, lipid-protein, and protein-protein interactions. In particular, use of TPD has increased in recent materials science to create novel electric and polymer devices with comparative ease and reduced costs. Therefore, a combination of heteroaromatics and (3-trifluoromethyl)diazirine is a promising option for creating better materials and elucidating the unknown mechanisms of action of bioactive heteroaromatic compounds. In this review, a comprehensive synthesis of (3-trifluoromethyl)diazirine-substituted heteroaromatics is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Murai
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (M.H.); Tel.: +81-11-706-9030 (Y.M.); +81-11-706-3849 (M.H.)
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (M.H.); Tel.: +81-11-706-9030 (Y.M.); +81-11-706-3849 (M.H.)
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8
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Dhanya TM, Anjali Krishna G, Savitha DP, Shanty AA, Divya KM, Priya SK, Mohanan PV. A review on the synthesis and biological relevance of benzo[ b]thiophene derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2145476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Dhanya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G. Anjali Krishna
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - D. P. Savitha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A. A. Shanty
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- St. Teresa's College, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K. M. Divya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Chemistry, NSS College, Cherthala, India
| | - Shenoi K. Priya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - P. V. Mohanan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Khanal HD, Perumal M, Lee YR. Annulation strategies for diverse heterocycles via the reductive transformation of 2-nitrostyrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7675-7693. [PMID: 35971908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01149b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the stable nitro group is a fundamental and widely used transformation for the construction of complex and functionalized heterocyclic architectures. The unfolding of the reactivity of the nitro group in the 2-nitrostyrene moiety not only triggers the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds, but also offers the opportunity for annulation and heteroannulation, thereby providing a cascade process for the synthesis of highly conjugated natural and unnatural molecules. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the use of 2-nitrostyrene motifs in the synthesis of various N-heterocycles. We offer readers an overview of the synthetic achievements achieved to date, highlighting their important features, reactivities, and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Datta Khanal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muthuraja Perumal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Alikhani Z, Albertson AG, Walter CA, Masih PJ, Kesharwani T. Synthesis of Benzo[ b]thiophenes via Electrophilic Sulfur Mediated Cyclization of Alkynylthioanisoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6312-6320. [PMID: 35436400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A stable dimethyl(thiodimethyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate salt was employed for the electrophilic cyclization reaction of o-alkynyl thioanisoles for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes. The reaction described herein works well with various substituted alkynes in excellent yields, and a valuable thiomethyl group was introduced with ease. The reaction utilizes moderate reaction conditions and ambient temperature while tolerating various functionalities. To elucidate the mechanism, electrophilic addition reactions using the dimethyl(thiodimethyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate salt with diphenylacetylene was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alikhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Alyssa G Albertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Christopher A Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Prerna J Masih
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Tanay Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
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Song Y, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Meng X, Zhang L. Leaving-group controlled N- or C-cyclization of azadienes via domino sequences: synthesis, mechanism, and chemoselectivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We reported a leaving-group controlled N- or C-cyclization of azadienes bearing a benzothiophene moiety. Density functional calculations revealed that the competition of two cyclizations was governed by the nature of the leaving group on the partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Gaoting Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Youlai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Xiangtai Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
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12
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Masih PJ, Kesharwani T, Rodriguez E, Vertudez MA, Motakhaveri ML, Le TK, Tran MKT, Cloyd MR, Kornman CT, Phillips AM. Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-Halobenzo[ b]thiophenes as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:39. [PMID: 35056096 PMCID: PMC8780876 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global health concern of antimicrobial resistance has harnessed research interest to find new classes of antibiotics to combat disease-causing pathogens. In our studies, 3-halobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activities using the broth microdilution susceptibility method. The 3-halo substituted benzo[b]thiophenes were synthesized starting from 2-alkynyl thioanisoles using a convenient electrophilic cyclization methodology that utilizes sodium halides as the source of electrophilic halogens when reacted along with copper(II) sulfate. This environmentally benign methodology is facile, uses ethanol as the solvent, and results in 3-halo substituted benzo[b]thiophene structures in very high yields. The cyclohexanol-substituted 3-chloro and 3-bromobenzo[b]thiophenes resulted in a low MIC of 16 µg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. Additionally, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of the compounds were determined. The compounds with the lowest MIC values showed excellent drug-like properties with no violations to Lipinski, Veber, and Muegge filters. The time-kill curve was obtained for cyclohexanol-substituted 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophenes against Staphylococcus aureus, which showed fast bactericidal activity at MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna J Masih
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Tanay Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Elivet Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Mia A Vertudez
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Mina L Motakhaveri
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Terelan K Le
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Minh Kieu T Tran
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Matthew R Cloyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Cory T Kornman
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Aimee M Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
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Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Saito Y, Taniguchi Y, Hirazawa S, Miura Y, Tsurimoto H, Nakayoshi T, Oda A, Hamel E, Yamashita K, Goto M, Nakagawa-Goto K. Effects of substituent pattern on the intracellular target of antiproliferative benzo[b]thiophenyl chromone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113578. [PMID: 34171512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new biological scaffold was produced by replacing the 6π-electron phenyl ring-B of a natural flavone skeleton with a 10π-electron benzothiophene (BT). Since aromatic rings are important for ligand protein interactions, this expansion of the π-electron system of ring-B might change the bioactivity profile. One of the resulting novel natural product-inspired compounds, 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-7-isopropoxy-6-methoxyflavone (6), effectively arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and displayed significant antiproliferative effects with IC50 values of 0.05-0.08 μM against multiple human tumor cell lines, including a multidrug resistant line. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that a 10π-electron system with high aromaticity, juxtaposed 4-oxo and 5-hydroxy groups, and 7-alkoxy groups were important for potent antimitotic activity. Interestingly, two BT-flavonols (3-hydroxyflavone), 16 and 20, with 3-hydroxy and 5-alkoxy groups, induced distinct biological profiles affecting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase by inhibition of DNA replication through an interaction with topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Saito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukako Taniguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Sachika Hirazawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Miura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsurimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakayoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Katsumi Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masuo Goto
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States.
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, United States.
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15
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Ahmed EM, Khalil NA, Zaher AF, Alhamaky SM, El-Zoghbi MS. Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of new benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyran derivatives as topoisomerase I-DNA binary complex poisons. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104915. [PMID: 33905973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of new benzo[b]thiophenes 2a-f and benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyran derivatives 3a-f and 4a-f were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral data. All synthesized compounds were evaluated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) against 60 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 3a-f and 4a-f showed potent cytotoxic effects in one dose assay with mean growth inhibition ranging from 62% to 80%. Six compounds 3a, 3d, 3e, 3f, 4d and 4e were selected by NCI, USA for five dose evaluation against 60 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 3a, 3d, 3e and 3f exhibited very potent and broad spectrum cytotoxicity against almost all cancer cell lines with mean concentration that yield 50% growth inhibition (MG-MID GI50) of 0.1-0.58 µM and mean concentration that produce 100% growth inhibition (MG-MID TGI) of 6.03-10.00 µM. Compounds 4d and 4e exhibited very potent and selective cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-435 subpanel (melanoma cancer) with GI50 of 0.45 µM and 0.59 µM, respectively. The mechanism of antiproliferative activity was determined for the most active compounds 3a, 3d, 3e, 3f, 4d, and 4evia measuring their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against topoisomerase I enzyme at different concentrations. Compounds 3a and 3e exhibited excellent activity compared with reference drugs with IC50 of 0.295 µM and 0.219 µM, respectively. Plasmid DNA nicking assay verified that these compounds are topoisomerase I poisons not suppressors. The active compound 3e induced a significant disruption in the cell cycle profile parallel to its effect on apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf F Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M Alhamaky
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El kom, Gamal Abd El-Nasir Street, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mona S El-Zoghbi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El kom, Gamal Abd El-Nasir Street, Menoufia, Egypt.
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16
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In Silico Identification of Small Molecules as New Cdc25 Inhibitors through the Correlation between Chemosensitivity and Protein Expression Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073714. [PMID: 33918281 PMCID: PMC8038176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) protein family plays a crucial role in controlling cell proliferation, making it an excellent target for cancer therapy. In this work, a set of small molecules were identified as Cdc25 modulators by applying a mixed ligand-structure-based approach and taking advantage of the correlation between the chemosensitivity of selected structures and the protein expression pattern of the proposed target. In the first step of the in silico protocol, a set of molecules acting as Cdc25 inhibitors were identified through a new ligand-based protocol and the evaluation of a large database of molecular structures. Subsequently, induced-fit docking (IFD) studies allowed us to further reduce the number of compounds biologically screened. In vitro antiproliferative and enzymatic inhibition assays on the selected compounds led to the identification of new structurally heterogeneous inhibitors of Cdc25 proteins. Among them, J3955, the most active inhibitor, showed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells, with GI50 in the low micromolar range. When J3955 was tested in cell-cycle perturbation experiments, it caused mitotic failure by G2/M-phase cell-cycle arrest. Finally, Western blotting analysis showed an increment of phosphorylated Cdk1 levels in cells exposed to J3955, indicating its specific influence in cellular pathways involving Cdc25 proteins.
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Popova EA, Kornev AA, Shmakov SV, Nepochatyi GD, Kotyunina OA, Petrov ML, Boitsov VM, Stepakov AV. In Vitro Activity of Organochalcogen Compounds: II. Cytotoxic Effect of 2-Aminobenzo[b]thiophenes Against K562 and HeLa Tumor Cell Lines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036322011033x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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New Zileuton-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Hybrids: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship towards 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204686. [PMID: 33066378 PMCID: PMC7587396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of zileuton-hydroxycinnamic acid hybrids were synthesized and screened as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors in stimulated HEK293 cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Zileuton’s (1) benzo[b]thiophene and hydroxyurea subunits combined with hydroxycinnamic acid esters’ ester linkage and phenolic acid moieties were investigated. Compound 28, bearing zileuton’s (1) benzo[b]thiophene and sinapic acid phenethyl ester’s (2) α,β-unsaturated phenolic acid moiety 28, was shown to be equipotent to zileuton (1), the only clinically approved 5-LO inhibitor, in stimulated HEK293 cells. Compound 28 was three times as active as zileuton (1) for the inhibition of 5-LO in PMNL. Compound 37, bearing the same sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy substitution) moiety as 28, combined with zileuton’s (1) hydroxyurea subunit was inactive. This result shows that the zileuton’s (1) benzo[b]thiophene moiety is essential for the inhibition of 5-LO product biosynthesis with our hydrids. Unlike zileuton (1), Compound 28 formed two π–π interactions with Phe177 and Phe421 as predicted when docked into 5-LO. Compound 28 was the only docked ligand that showed a π–π interaction with Phe177 which may play a part in product specificity as reported.
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19
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Chemical Profile and Biological Activity of Cherimoya ( Annona cherimola Mill.) and Atemoya ( Annona atemoya) Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112612. [PMID: 32512771 PMCID: PMC7321297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona cherimola (Cherimoya) and Annona atemoya (Atemoya) are tropical plants known for their edible fruit. Scientific data suggest that their leaves, used in traditional medicine in the form of teas or infusions without evidence of toxicity, contain several bioactive compounds. However, only Annona muricata among all the Annona species is currently used in the nutraceutical field, and its dried leaves are marketed for tea preparation. In this work, we explored the nutraceutical potential of Atemoya and Cherimoya leaves, by evaluating their chemical profile and functional properties. Phytochemical analyses showed large amounts of phenolic compounds, in particular proanthocyanidins, and identified 18 compounds, either flavonoids or alkaloids. Concerning biological activity, we found antioxidative properties correlated with polyphenols, and antiproliferative activity against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines correlated with alkaloids. The obtained results demonstrate the potential use of Annona cherimola leaves for the preparation of dietary supplements aimed to promote the physiological redox balance. Moreover, the varietal comparison suggests that two commercial cultivars (Campas and White) and the local Torre 1, better suit this purpose. On the other hand, among the studied cultivars, Campas and Torre 1 are also the richest in alkaloids and, in consideration of the anti-proliferative properties of their extracts, dietary supplements based on these cultivars might also have chemo-preventive effects.
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20
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Premalatha S, Rambabu G, Hatti I, Ramachandran D. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)- 5-(2-(5-arylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)oxazol-5-yl)isoxazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666191004105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(5-arylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)oxa zol-5-
yl)isoxazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. All these derivatives were evaluated for their
anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 (breast cancer), A549 (lung
cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer) and MDA MB-231 (breast cancer)-four human cancer cell lines by
using MTT assay. Here, etoposide was used as a standard reference drug and most of the compounds
were exhibited good anticancer activity with respect to cell lines. Among all compounds, five compounds
11b, 11c, 11f, 11i and 11j showed more potent activity than standard drug, in which, compound
11f was the most promising compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syndla Premalatha
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G. Rambabu
- Centre for Applied Science, Department of Basic Sciences &Humamities, Division of Chemistry, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College (Autonomous), Tirupati - 517 102, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Islavathu Hatti
- Department of Chemistry, Jagarlamudi Kuppuswamy Choudary College, Guntur - 522 006, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dittakavi Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
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21
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Singh A, Singh G, Bedi PMS. Thiophene derivatives: A potent multitargeted pharmacological scaffold. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryKhalsa College of Pharmacy Amritsar Punjab India
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22
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Walter C, Fallows N, Kesharwani T. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Chlorocyclization Reaction Using Sodium Chloride as the Source of Electrophilic Chlorine. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6538-6545. [PMID: 31459785 PMCID: PMC6648761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes with selective placement of a chlorine moiety at the 3 position while maintaining diversity at the 2 position has only been accomplished by a handful of conditions in the past. The development of a greener, less expensive, and simpler method is paramount for the exploration of innovative compounds for application in medicinal and materials chemistry. Herein, the first reported copper-catalyzed electrophilic chlorocyclization method was developed and employed across diverse substrates to generate highly functionalized 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes and 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes in very high yields. This method was optimized in both ethanol and acetonitrile in a comparative solvent study. The utility of this method was further expanded beyond chlorocyclization by changing the sodium halide to generate bromo- and iodocyclization products in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University
of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Natalie Fallows
- Department of Chemistry, University
of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Tanay Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, University
of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
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23
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Murugavel S, Ravikumar C, Jaabil G, Alagusundaram P. Synthesis, computational quantum chemical study, in silico ADMET and molecular docking analysis, in vitro biological evaluation of a novel sulfur heterocyclic thiophene derivative containing 1,2,3-triazole and pyridine moieties as a potential human topoisomerase IIα inhibiting anticancer agent. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 79:73-82. [PMID: 30731361 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Computational quantum chemical study and biological evaluation of a synthesized novel sulfur heterocyclic thiophene derivative containing 1,2,3-triazole and pyridine moieties namely BTPT [2-(1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-methoxy-4-(thiophen-2-yl) pyridine] was presented in this study. The crystal structure was determined by SCXRD method. For the title compound BTPT, spectroscopic characterization like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV-vis were carried out theoretically by computational DFT method and compared with experimental data. Druglikeness parameters of BTPT were found through in silico pharmacological ADMET properties estimation. The molecular docking investigation was performed with human topoisomerase IIα (PDB ID:1ZXM) targeting ATP binding site. In vitro cytotoxicity activity of BTPT/doxorubicin were examined by MTT assay procedure against three human cancer cell lines A549, PC-3, MDAMB-231 with IC50 values of 0.68/0.70, 1.03/0.77 and 0.88/0.98 μM, respectively. Our title compound BTPT reveals notable cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell (MDAMB-231), moderate activity with human lung cancer cell (A-549) and less inhibition with human prostate cancer cell (PC-3) compared to familiar cancer medicine doxorubicin. From the results, BTPT could be observed as a potential candidate for novel anticancer drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murugavel
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C Ravikumar
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Periyar EVR Government Polytechnic College, Vellore, 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Jaabil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Keri RS, Chand K, Budagumpi S, Balappa Somappa S, Patil SA, Nagaraja BM. An overview of benzo[b]thiophene-based medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1002-1033. [PMID: 28759875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among sulfur containing heterocycles, benzothiophene and its derivatives are at the focus as these candidates have structural similarities with active compounds to develop new potent lead molecules in drug design. Benzo[b]thiophene scaffold is one of the privileged structures in drug discovery as this core exhibits various biological activities allowing them to act as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tubercular, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant agents and many more. Further, numerous benzothiophene-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which has led to their extensive developments. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzothiophene, their structure activity relationships (SAR) have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules against numerous diseases. The present review is endeavoring to highlight the progress in the various pharmacological activities of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic benzothiophene-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes. Also, SAR studies that highlight the chemical groups responsible for evoking the potential activities of benzothiophene derivatives are studied and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India.
| | - Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Sasidhar Balappa Somappa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
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25
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Lauria A, Gentile C, Mingoia F, Palumbo Piccionello A, Bartolotta R, Delisi R, Buscemi S, Martorana A. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of benzo[b
]furan derivatives as antiproliferative agents, with in silico predicted antitubulin activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Mingoia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Palermo Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Roberta Bartolotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Riccardo Delisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Palermo Italy
| | - Silvestre Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Annamaria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”; Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
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26
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Mohareb RM, Ibrahim RA. Design, cytotoxicity and toxicity of new thiophene and thieno [2,3-b] pyridine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Bozorov K, Zhao JY, Nie LF, Ma HR, Bobakulov K, Hu R, Rustamova N, Huang G, Efferth T, Aisa HA. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel diaminothiophene scaffolds as antitumor and anti-influenza virus agents. Part 2. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of diethyl 2,5-diaminothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylate (DDTD) derivatives as antitumor and anti-influenza virus agents.
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28
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Gentile C, Reig C, Corona O, Todaro A, Mazzaglia A, Perrone A, Gianguzzi G, Agusti M, Farina V. Pomological Traits, Sensory Profile and Nutraceutical Properties of Nine Cultivars of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruits Grown in Mediterranean Area. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:330-338. [PMID: 27392960 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the diversity of fruit quality within nine loquat cultivars, including five international affirmed cultivars (Algerie, Golden Nugget, Peluche, Bueno, El Buenet) and four local cultivars (Sanfilippara, Nespolone di Trabia, BRT20 and Claudia), were investigated in order to discriminate the variation in pomological characteristics, sensory profile, and antioxidant properties. Finally, to evaluate potential bioactivity, antiproliferative activity of hydrophilic extracts from loquat fruits was assessed, at dietary relevant concentrations, against three human epithelial cell lines. Even though the international cultivars confirmed an appropriate level of commercial qualities in association to high levels in antioxidant compounds, the local cultivars revealed the best performances in a wide range of chemical-physical and sensory characteristics. Concerning bioactivity, our results indicate that hydrophilic extracts from all tested cultivars showed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity with a significant variability of effects between different cell lines and between different cultivars. HeLa cells, the most sensitive and hydrophilic extracts from Peluche, showed the highest inhibitory effect followed by Nespolone di Trabia and Claudia. The results of this trial provide useful information on the pomological traits and the not yet known specific nutritional and functional properties of loquat fruits. Our data, besides helping to promote specific local cultivars, could serve to establish a database that will permit to improve the utilization of specific genetic resources in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Reig
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Corona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - A Todaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Mazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Gianguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Agusti
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Farina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Synthesis of pyridine, pyran and thiazole containing thiophene derivatives and their anti-tumor evaluations. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chavan SM, Toche RB, Patil VM, Aware PB, Patil PS. Reactions of ketene dithioacetal for a new versatile synthesis of 4,5-substituted 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate derivatives. J Sulphur Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2016.1156117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish M. Chavan
- Organic Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemistry, R.N.C. Arts, J.D.B. Commerce and N.S.C. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raghunath B. Toche
- Organic Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasant M. Patil
- Organic Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj B. Aware
- Organic Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam S. Patil
- Organic Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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