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Hoffmann P, Azéma-Despeyroux J, Goncalves F, Stamilla A, Saffon-Merceron N, Rodriguez F, Degiacomi G, Pasca MR, Lherbet C. Imidazoquinoline Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of InhA Enzyme and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2024; 29:3076. [PMID: 38999028 PMCID: PMC11243711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem worldwide. The search for new antibiotics has become a priority, especially with the emergence of resistant strains. A new family of imidazoquinoline derivatives, structurally analogous to triazolophthalazines, which had previously shown good antituberculosis activity, were designed to inhibit InhA, an essential enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. Over twenty molecules were synthesized and the results showed modest inhibitory efficacy against the protein. Docking experiments were carried out to show how these molecules could interact with the protein's substrate binding site. Disappointingly, unlike triazolophthlazines, these imidazoquinoline derivatives showed an absence of inhibition on mycobacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hoffmann
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Azéma-Despeyroux
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernanda Goncalves
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alessandro Stamilla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
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2
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Abimbola Salubi C, Abbo HS, Jahed N, Titinchi S. Medicinal chemistry perspectives on the development of piperazine-containing HIV-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117605. [PMID: 38246116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), one of the most perilous diseases known to humankind. A 2023 estimate put the number of people living with HIV around 40 million worldwide, with the majority benefiting from various antiretroviral therapies. Consequently, the urgent need for the development of effective drugs to combat this virus cannot be overstated. In the realm of medicinal and organic chemistry, the synthesis and identification of novel compounds capable of inhibiting HIV enzymes at different stages of their life cycle are of paramount importance. Notably, the spotlight is on the progress made in enhancing the potency of HIV inhibitors through the use of piperazine-based compounds. Multiple studies have revealed that the incorporation of a piperazine moiety results in a noteworthy enhancement of anti-HIV activity. The piperazine ring assumes a pivotal role in shaping the pharmacophore responsible for inhibiting HIV-1 at critical stage, including attachment, reverse transcription, integration, and protease activity. This review also sheds light on the various opportunities that can be exploited to develop effective antiretroviral targets and eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. The advancement of highly potent analogues in HIV inhibitor research has been greatly facilitated by contemporary medicinal strategies, including molecular/fragment hybridization, structure-based drug design, and bioisosterism. These techniques have opened up new avenues for the development of compounds with enhanced efficacy in combating the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Abimbola Salubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna S Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nazeeen Jahed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Salam Titinchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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3
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Ostroumova OS, Efimova SS. Lipid-Centric Approaches in Combating Infectious Diseases: Antibacterials, Antifungals and Antivirals with Lipid-Associated Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1716. [PMID: 38136750 PMCID: PMC10741038 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the global challenges of the 21st century is the increase in mortality from infectious diseases against the backdrop of the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this regard, it is worth targeting antibacterials towards the membranes of pathogens that are quite conservative and not amenable to elimination. This review is an attempt to critically analyze the possibilities of targeting antimicrobial agents towards enzymes involved in pathogen lipid biosynthesis or towards bacterial, fungal, and viral lipid membranes, to increase the permeability via pore formation and to modulate the membranes' properties in a manner that makes them incompatible with the pathogen's life cycle. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in the search for highly effective but nontoxic antimicrobial agents. Examples of compounds with a proven molecular mechanism of action are presented, and the types of the most promising pharmacophores for further research and the improvement of the characteristics of antibiotics are discussed. The strategies that pathogens use for survival in terms of modulating the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane, achieving a balance between resistance to antibiotics and the ability to facilitate all necessary transport and signaling processes, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Ostroumova
- Laboratory of Membrane and Ion Channel Modeling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
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4
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Chebaiki M, Delfourne E, Tamhaev R, Danoun S, Rodriguez F, Hoffmann P, Grosjean E, Goncalves F, Azéma-Despeyroux J, Pál A, Korduláková J, Preuilh N, Britton S, Constant P, Marrakchi H, Maveyraud L, Mourey L, Lherbet C. Discovery of new diaryl ether inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting the minor portal of InhA. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115646. [PMID: 37482022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) affects 10 million people each year and the emergence of resistant TB augurs for a growing incidence. In the last 60 years, only three new drugs were approved for TB treatment, for which resistances are already emerging. Therefore, there is a crucial need for new chemotherapeutic agents capable of eradicating TB. Enzymes belonging to the type II fatty acid synthase system (FAS-II) are involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, cell envelope components essential for mycobacterial survival. Among them, InhA is the primary target of isoniazid (INH), one of the most effective compounds to treat TB. INH acts as a prodrug requiring activation by the catalase-peroxidase KatG, whose mutations are the major cause for INH resistance. Herein, a new series of direct InhA inhibitors were designed based on a molecular hybridization approach. They exhibit potent inhibitory activities of InhA and, for some of them, good antitubercular activities. Moreover, they display a low toxicity on human cells. A study of the mechanism of action of the most effective molecules shows that they inhibit the biosynthesis of mycolic acids. The X-ray structures of two InhA/NAD+/inhibitor complexes have been obtained showing a binding mode of a part of the molecule in the minor portal, rarely seen in the InhA structures reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Chebaiki
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Delfourne
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Rasoul Tamhaev
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Saïda Danoun
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Hoffmann
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Grosjean
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Fernanda Goncalves
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Azéma-Despeyroux
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Adrián Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nadège Preuilh
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Britton
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Constant
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Hedia Marrakchi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maveyraud
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), UMR 5068, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
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5
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Gavadia R, Rasgania J, Basil MV, Chauhan V, Kumar S, Jakhar K. Synthesis of Isoniazid analogs with Promising Antituberculosis Activity and Bioavailability: Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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6
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Synthesis, characterization, anti-tuberculosis activity and molecular modeling studies of thiourea derivatives bearing aminoguanidine moiety. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Dasmahapatra U, Chanda K. Synthetic approaches to potent heterocyclic inhibitors of tuberculosis: A decade review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1021216. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant global health concern with about 1.5 million deaths annually. Despite efforts to develop more efficient vaccines, reliable diagnostics, and chemotherapeutics, tuberculosis has become a concern to world health due to HIV, the rapid growth of bacteria that are resistant to treatment, and the recently introduced COVID-19 pandemic. As is well known, advances in synthetic organic chemistry have historically enabled the production of important life-saving medications that have had a tremendous impact on patients’ lives and health all over the world. Small-molecule research as a novel chemical entity for a specific disease target offers in-depth knowledge and potential therapeutic targets. In this viewpoint, we concentrated on the synthesis of a number of heterocycles reported in the previous decade and the screening of their inhibitory action against diverse strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These findings offer specific details on the structure-based activity of several heterocyclic scaffolds backed by their in vitro tests as a promising class of antitubercular medicines, which will be further useful to build effective treatments to prevent this terrible illness.
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8
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Prem Kumar S, Shaikh IA, Mahnashi MH, Alshahrani MA, Dixit SR, Kulkarni VH, Lherbet C, Gadad AK, Aminabhavi TM, Joshi SD. Design, synthesis and computational approach to study novel pyrrole scaffolds as active inhibitors of enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antagonists. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Keleş Atıcı R, Doğan ŞD, Gündüz MG, Krishna VS, Chebaiki M, Homberset H, Lherbet C, Mourey L, Tønjum T. Urea derivatives carrying a thiophenylthiazole moiety: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of antitubercular and InhA inhibitory activities. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1292-1304. [PMID: 35769019 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has complicated and significantly slowed efforts to eradicate and/or reduce the worldwide incidence of life-threatening acute and chronic cases of tuberculosis. To overcome this setback, researchers have increased the intensity of their work to identify new small-molecule compounds that are expected to remain efficacious antimicrobials against Mtb. Here, we describe our effort to apply the principles of molecular hybridization to synthesize 16 compounds carrying thiophene and thiazole rings beside the core urea functionality (TTU1-TTU16). Following extensive structural characterization, the obtained compounds were initially evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity against Mtb H37Rv. Subsequently, three derivatives standing out with their anti-Mtb activity profiles and low cytotoxicity (TTU5, TTU6, and TTU12) were tested on isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates carrying katG and inhA mutations. Additionally, due to their pharmacophore similarities to the well-known InhA inhibitors, the molecules were screened for their enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitory potentials. Molecular docking studies were performed to support the experimental enzyme inhibition data. Finally, drug-likeness of the selected compounds was established by theoretical calculations of physicochemical descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüveyde Keleş Atıcı
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şengül Dilem Doğan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Miyase Gözde Gündüz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Unit for Genome Dynamics, Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melina Chebaiki
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,LSPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Håvard Homberset
- Unit for Genome Dynamics, Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Lherbet
- LSPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Unit for Genome Dynamics, Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Genome Dynamics, Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Ahmad I, Pawara RH, Girase RT, Pathan AY, Jagatap VR, Desai N, Ayipo YO, Surana SJ, Patel H. Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Study, and Quantum-Chemical-Based Investigations of Isoindoline-1,3-diones as Antimycobacterial Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21820-21844. [PMID: 35785272 PMCID: PMC9244950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The condensation of phthalic anhydride afforded structurally modified isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives with selected amino-containing compounds. The title compounds (2-30) have been characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. All of the compounds were assessed for their antimycobacterial activity toward the H37Rv strain by a dual read-out assay method. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 27 possessed a significant IC50 of 18 μM, making it the most potent compound of the series. The InhA inhibitory (IC50) activity of compound 27 was 8.65 μM in comparison to Triclosan (1.32 μM). Computational studies like density functional theory (DFT) study, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation studies illustrated the reactivity and stability of the synthesized compounds as InhA inhibitors. A quantum-mechanics-based DFT study was carried out to investigate the molecular and electronic properties, reactivities, and nature of bonding present in the synthesized compounds and theoretical vibrational (IR) and isotropic value (1H and 13C NMR) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqrar Ahmad
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul H. Pawara
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rukaiyya T. Girase
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asama Y. Pathan
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vilas R. Jagatap
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nisheeth Desai
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored), Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre
for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
USM, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay J. Surana
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division
of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Hopkins MD, Ozmer GL, Witt RC, Brandeburg ZC, Rogers DA, Keating CE, Petcoff PL, Sheaff RJ, Lamar AA. PhI(OAc) 2 and iodine-mediated synthesis of N-alkyl sulfonamides derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon scaffolds and determination of their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1133-1144. [PMID: 33443507 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new approaches toward chemo- and regioselective functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffolds will provide opportunities for the synthesis of novel biologically active small molecules that exploit the high degree of lipophilicity imparted by the PAH unit. Herein, we report a new synthetic method for C-X bond substitution that is speculated to operate via a N-centered radical (NCR) mechanism according to experimental observations. A series of PAH sulfonamides have been synthesized and their biological activity has been evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains (using a BacTiter-Glo assay) along with a series of mammalian cell lines (using CellTiter-Blue and CellTiter-Glo assays). The viability assays have resulted in the discovery of a number of bactericidal compounds that exhibit potency similar to other well-known antibacterials such as kanamycin and tetracycline, along with the discovery of a luciferase inhibitor. Additionally, the physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of the compounds were determined experimentally and using in silico approaches and the results are presented and discussed within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Garett L Ozmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Ryan C Witt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Zachary C Brandeburg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - David A Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Claire E Keating
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Presley L Petcoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
| | - Angus A Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
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12
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Atukuri D, Gunjal R, Holagundi N, Korlahalli B, Gangannavar S, Akkasali K. Contribution of N-heterocycles towards anti-tubercular drug discovery (2014-2019); predicted and reengineered molecular frameworks. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:767-783. [PMID: 33660325 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for high death frequency every year all over the world. In this regard, efficient drug-design and discovery towards the prevention of M.tb H37 Rv is of prime concern. Prevention of the infection may include vaccination, and the treatment comprises anti-TB drug regimen. However, the vaccine decreases the risk of tuberculosis infection only to some extent, while drug-resistance limits the efficacy of the existing anti-TB agents. Much improvement has to be achieved to overcome pitfalls such as side effects, high-toxicity, low bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and hence forth in clinical therapeutics. Amongst heterocyclic compounds, N-heterocycles played a pivotal role in drug-design and discovery. A wide range of microbial diseases are being treated by the N-heterocyclic drugs. The present review comprises description of anti-TB effects of the N-heterocycles such as indoles, triazoles, thiazoles, and pyrazoles. The potent anti-TB activity exerted by the derivatives of these heterocycles is evaluated critically alongside emphasizing structure-activity relationship. Besides, docking studies supporting anti-TB activity is supplemented. Alongside this, based on the potent heterocyclic molecules, the molecular frameworks are designed that would bring about enhanced M. tb H37 Rv inhibitory potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorababu Atukuri
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | - Rutu Gunjal
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | - Nagaraj Holagundi
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | | | | | - Kirankumar Akkasali
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
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Girase PS, Dhawan S, Kumar V, Shinde SR, Palkar MB, Karpoormath R. An appraisal of anti-mycobacterial activity with structure-activity relationship of piperazine and its analogues: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112967. [PMID: 33190957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine, is privileged six membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring also known as 1,4-Diazacyclohexane. Consequently, piperazine is a versatile medicinally important scaffold and is an essential core in numerous marketed drugs with diverse pharmacological activities. In recent years several potent molecules containing piperazine as an essential subunit of the structural frame have been reported, especially against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Remarkably, a good number of these reported molecules also displayed potential activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strains of MTB. In this review, we have made a concerted effort to retrace anti-mycobacterial compounds for the past five decades (1971-2019) specifically where piperazine has been used as a vital building block. This review will benefit medicinal chemists as it elaborates on the design, rationale and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the reported potent piperazine based anti-TB molecules, which in turn will assist them in addressing the gaps, exploiting the reported strategies and developing safer, selective, and cost-effective anti-mycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj S Girase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Suraj R Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahesh B Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy (Constituent Unit of KAHER), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Rana P, Ghouse SM, Akunuri R, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. FabI (enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase) - A potential broad spectrum therapeutic target and its inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112757. [PMID: 32883635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of new anti-bacterial agents acting upon underexploited targets and thus evading known mechanisms of resistance is the need of the hour. The highly conserved and distinct bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (FAS-II), presents a validated and yet relatively underexploited target for drug discovery. FabI and its isoforms (FabL, FabK, FabV and InhA) are essential enoyl-ACP reductases present in several microorganisms. In addition, the components of the FAS-II pathway are distinct from the multi-enzyme FAS-I complex found in mammals. Thus, inhibition of FabI and its isoforms is anticipated to result in broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Several research groups from industry and academic laboratories have devoted significant efforts to develop effective FabI-targeting antibiotics, which are currently in various stages of clinical development for the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. This review summarizes all the natural as well as synthetic inhibitors of gram-positive and gram-negative enoyl ACP reductases (FabI). The knowledge of the reported inhibitors can aid in the development of broad-spectrum antibacterials specifically targeting FabI enzymes from S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. anthracis, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum and M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Rana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Shaik Mahammad Ghouse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
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First triclosan-based macrocyclic inhibitors of InhA enzyme. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103498. [PMID: 31855823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic derivatives based on the triclosan frame were designed and synthesized as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA enzyme. One of the two molecules M02 displayed promising inhibitory activity against InhA enzyme with an IC50 of 4.7 μM. Molecular docking studies of these two compounds were performed and confirmed that M02 was more efficient as inhibitor of InhA activity. These molecules are the first macrocyclic direct inhibitors of InhA enzyme able to bind into the substrate pocket. Furthermore, these biaryl ether compounds exhibited antitubercular activities comparable to that of triclosan against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
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16
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Chemical synthesis, molecular modeling and pharmacophore mapping of new pyrrole derivatives as inhibitors of InhA enzyme and Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Shaikh MS, Kanhed AM, Chandrasekaran B, Palkar MB, Agrawal N, Lherbet C, Hampannavar GA, Karpoormath R. Discovery of novel N-methyl carbazole tethered rhodanine derivatives as direct inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2338-2344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Döndaş HA, Retamosa MDG, Sansano JM. Recent Development in Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions: Access to Materials and Biologically Important Carbo- and Heterocycles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ali Döndaş
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus 33169, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - María de Gracia Retamosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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19
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Joshi SD, Dixit SR, Basha J, Kulkarni V, Aminabhavi TM, Nadagouda MN, Lherbet C. Pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, chemical synthesis of some novel pyrrolyl benzamide derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory activity against enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:440-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Swatko-Ossor M, Klimek K, Belcarz A, Kaczor AA, Pitucha M, Ginalska G. Do new N-substituted 3-amino-4-phenyl-5-oxo-pyrazolinecarboxamide derivatives exhibit antitubercular potential? Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:155-165. [PMID: 29802898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of previous tests concerning new N-substituted 3-amino-4-phenyl-5-oxo-pyrazolinecarboxamide derivatives (R3, R4 and R8) of notable antibacterial activity, their antitubercular potential against different mycobacterial strains was estimated. Tests performed on virulent (reference and clinical) strains of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed the highest therapeutic potential of R8 derivative: MIC within the range 7.8-15.6 μg/ml and TI (therapeutic index) within the range 46.5-93. Moreover, the synergistic interaction was found between R3, R4 and R8 derivatives and rifampicin, one of the front-line antitubercular drugs. R8/rifampicin mixture in concentrations effective in inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was non-cytotoxic against GMK cells, displaying cell viability approximately 88-97% when compared to control. Molecular docking study enabled to conclude that enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) can be considered as a potential molecular target of tested pyrazole derivatives. Although further modifications of chemical structure of the investigated pyrazole derivatives is required, in order to increase their antitubercular efficacy and therapeutic safety, these compounds, in particular R8 compound, can be promising for the treatment of human and bovine tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Swatko-Ossor
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Klimek
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Belcarz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Anna Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Zhang NN, Liu ZY, Liang J, Tang YX, Qian L, Gao YM, Zhang TY, Yan M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of m-amidophenol derivatives as a new class of antitubercular agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1293-1304. [PMID: 30151083 PMCID: PMC6096355 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of m-amidophenol derivatives (6a-6l, 7a-7q, 9a, 9b, 12a-12c, 14 and 15) were designed and synthesized. Their antitubercular activities were evaluated in vitro against M. tuberculosis strains H37Ra and H37Rv and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Ten compounds displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against M. tuberculosis H37Ra below 2.5 μg mL-1 and 6g was the most active compound (MIC = 0.625 μg mL-1). Compounds 6g and 7a also showed potent inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC = 0.39 μg mL-1) and several clinically isolated multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains (MIC = 0.39-3.125 μg mL-1). The compounds did not show inhibitory activity against normal Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They exhibited low cytotoxicity against HepG2 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The results demonstrated m-amidophenol as an attractive scaffold for the development of new antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu-Niu Zhang
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie Liang
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
| | - Yun-Xiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei , China
| | - Lu Qian
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
| | - Ya-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Ming Yan
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarapalli Ravi Kumar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi – 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana INDIA
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi – 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana INDIA
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23
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AlMatar M, Makky EA, Var I, Kayar B, Köksal F. Novel compounds targeting InhA for TB therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Suresh A, Srinivasarao S, Agnieszka N, Ewa AK, Alvala M, Lherbet C, Chandra Sekhar KVG. Design and synthesis of 9H-fluorenone based 1,2,3-triazole analogues asMycobacterium tuberculosisInhA inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:1078-1086. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaroju Suresh
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Singireddi Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Napiórkowska Agnieszka
- Microbiology Department; National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa
- Microbiology Department; National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Mallika Alvala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Laboratoire SPCMIB (UMR CNRS 5068); Université Paul Sabatier; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse Cedex France
- ITAV-USR3505, CNRS, UPS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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25
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Evaluation of heteroatom-rich derivatives as antitubercular agents with InhA inhibition properties. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Joshi SD, More UA, Dixit SR, Balmi SV, Kulkarni BG, Ullagaddi G, Lherbet C, Aminabhavi TM. Chemical synthesis and in silico molecular modeling of novel pyrrolyl benzohydrazide derivatives: Their biological evaluation against enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:181-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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François B, Szczubelek L, Berrée F, Roisnel T, Carboni B. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling/Annulation Cascade for Synthesis of 9-Hydroxy and 9-Aminofluorenes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin François
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes CEDEX France
| | - Luc Szczubelek
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes CEDEX France
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes CEDEX France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes CEDEX France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes CEDEX France
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28
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Oliveira PFM, Guidetti B, Chamayou A, André-Barrès C, Madacki J, Korduláková J, Mori G, Orena BS, Chiarelli LR, Pasca MR, Lherbet C, Carayon C, Massou S, Baron M, Baltas M. Mechanochemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Isoniazid Derivatives with Potent Antitubercular Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091457. [PMID: 28862683 PMCID: PMC6151834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of isoniazid derivatives bearing a phenolic or heteroaromatic coupled frame were obtained by mechanochemical means. Their pH stability and their structural (conformer/isomer) analysis were checked. The activity of prepared derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell growth was evaluated. Some compounds such as phenolic hydrazine 1a and almost all heteroaromatic ones, especially 2, 5 and 7, are more active than isoniazid, and their activity against some M. tuberculosis MDR clinical isolates was determined. Compounds 1a and 7 present a selectivity index >1400 evaluated on MRC5 human fibroblast cells. The mechanism of action of selected hydrazones was demonstrated to block mycolic acid synthesis due to InhA inhibition inside the mycobacterial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F M Oliveira
- Department of Process Engineering, Université de Toulouse, Mines-Albi, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi, France.
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Brigitte Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Alain Chamayou
- Department of Process Engineering, Université de Toulouse, Mines-Albi, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi, France.
| | - Christiane André-Barrès
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jan Madacki
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laurent Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia; via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Chantal Carayon
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Baron
- Department of Process Engineering, Université de Toulouse, Mines-Albi, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi, France.
| | - Michel Baltas
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5068, LSPCMIB, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, LSPCMIB, UMR-5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Cavalluzzi MM, Mangiatordi GF, Nicolotti O, Lentini G. Ligand efficiency metrics in drug discovery: the pros and cons from a practical perspective. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1087-1104. [PMID: 28814111 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1365056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ligand efficiency metrics are almost universally accepted as a valuable indicator of compound quality and an aid to reduce attrition. Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe ligand efficiency metrics giving a balanced overview on their merits and points of weakness in order to enable the readers to gain an informed opinion. Relevant theoretical breakthroughs and drug-like properties are also illustrated. Several recent exemplary case studies are discussed in order to illustrate the main fields of application of ligand efficiency metrics. Expert opinion: As a medicinal chemist guide, ligand efficiency metrics perform in a context- and chemotype-dependent manner; thus, they should not be used as a magic box. Since the 'big bang' of efficiency metrics occurred more or less ten years ago and the average time to develop a new drug is over the same period, the next few years will give a clearer outlook on the increased rate of success, if any, gained by means of these new intriguing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Orazio Nicolotti
- a Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- a Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
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Guzik K, Zak KM, Grudnik P, Magiera K, Musielak B, Törner R, Skalniak L, Dömling A, Dubin G, Holak TA. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) Interaction via Transiently Induced Protein States and Dimerization of PD-L1. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5857-5867. [PMID: 28613862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway with monoclonal antibodies has provided significant advances in cancer treatment. The antibody-based immunotherapies carry a number of disadvantages such as the high cost of the antibodies, their limited half-life, and immunogenicity. Development of small-molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors that could overcome these drawbacks is slow because of the incomplete structural information for this pathway. The first chemical PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been recently disclosed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Here we present NMR and X-ray characterization for the two classes of these inhibitors. The X-ray structures of the PD-L1/inhibitor complexes reveal one inhibitor molecule located at the center of the PD-L1 homodimer, filling a deep hydrophobic channel-like pocket between two PD-L1 molecules. Derivatives of (2-methyl-3-biphenylyl)methanol exhibit the structures capped on one side of the channel, whereas the compounds based on [3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-methylphenyl]methanol induce an enlarged interaction interface that results in the open "face-back" tunnel through the PD-L1 dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Guzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Zak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ricarda Törner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 9, AV 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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31
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Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of some new thiourea derivatives bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:42. [PMID: 29086825 PMCID: PMC5438335 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A series of novel N-(2, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(3-(aryl)thioureido) benzenesulfonamides 3a–t was synthesized by the addition of N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide 2 to the appropriate aromatic amine. The structures of the synthesized compounds were inspired from the second line antituberculosis pro-drugs. Results Most of the new compounds were screened for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results of the antimycobacterial assay showed that compound 3i exerted the highest activity (MIC = 3.13 µg/mL), followed by compound 3s (MIC = 6.25 µg/mL). Conclusion The structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that the introduction of the benzo[1,3]dioxol moiety in 3i and the 4-morpholinyl-4-phenyl moiety in 3s has proven to give the most potent compounds in this study. Docking of the promising compounds inside the active site of M. tuberculosis enoyl reductase InhA was performed in order to emphasize the results. The compounds showed a similar orientation to that of GSK 625 inside the active site of 5JFO and bind to Met 98 in a way similar to that of the co-crystallized ligand.
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Joshi SD, Dixit SR, Kulkarni VH, Lherbet C, Nadagouda MN, Aminabhavi TM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico molecular modeling of pyrrolyl benzohydrazide derivatives as enoyl ACP reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:286-297. [PMID: 27889632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In efforts to develop lead anti-TB compounds, a novel series of 19 pyrrolyl benzohydrazides were synthesized and screened to target enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme, which is one of the important enzymes involved in type II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of M. tuberculosis. Pharmacophores were constructed using GALAHAD to generate alignment of data sets and calculated by Pareto ranking. The pharmacophore features were then filtered by Surflex-dock study using enoyl ACP reductase from M. tuberculosis. Compounds 5b and 5d showed H-bonding interactions with Tyr158, Thr196 and co-factor NAD+ that fitted well within the binding pocket of InhA. All the synthesized compounds were screened for preliminary antibacterial activities against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli and M. tuberculosis H37Rv to evaluate their antitubercular activities. Some representative compounds were further tested for mammalian cell toxicity using human lung cancer cell-line (A549) that was found to be nontoxic. These compounds exhibited moderate inhibition activities against InhA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas D Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad, 580 002, India.
| | - Sheshagiri R Dixit
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad, 580 002, India
| | - Venkatarao H Kulkarni
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad, 580 002, India
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Universite de Toulouse, UPS, Laboratoire de Synthese et Physico-chimie de Molecules d'Interet Biologique, LSPCMIB, 118 Roote de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France; ITAV-USR3505, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31106 Toulouse, France
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad, 580 002, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad, 580 002, India
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Štular T, Lešnik S, Rožman K, Schink J, Zdouc M, Ghysels A, Liu F, Aldrich CC, Haupt VJ, Salentin S, Daminelli S, Schroeder M, Langer T, Gobec S, Janežič D, Konc J. Discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA Inhibitors by Binding Sites Comparison and Ligands Prediction. J Med Chem 2016; 59:11069-11078. [PMID: 27936766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is usually focused on a single protein target; in this process, existing compounds that bind to related proteins are often ignored. We describe ProBiS plugin, extension of our earlier ProBiS-ligands approach, which for a given protein structure allows prediction of its binding sites and, for each binding site, the ligands from similar binding sites in the Protein Data Bank. We developed a new database of precalculated binding site comparisons of about 290000 proteins to allow fast prediction of binding sites in existing proteins. The plugin enables advanced viewing of predicted binding sites, ligands' poses, and their interactions in three-dimensional graphics. Using the InhA query protein, an enoyl reductase enzyme in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, we predicted its possible ligands and assessed their inhibitory activity experimentally. This resulted in three previously unrecognized inhibitors with novel scaffolds, demonstrating the plugin's utility in the early drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Štular
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Lešnik
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kaja Rožman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Schink
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska , Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Zdouc
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska , Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - An Ghysels
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Feng Liu
- AAT Bioquest, Inc. , 520 Mercury Drive, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - V Joachim Haupt
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden , 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Salentin
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden , 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simone Daminelli
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden , 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden , 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušanka Janežič
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska , Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Janez Konc
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska , Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Matviiuk T, Madacki J, Mori G, Orena BS, Menendez C, Kysil A, André-Barrès C, Rodriguez F, Korduláková J, Mallet-Ladeira S, Voitenko Z, Pasca MR, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Pyrrolidinone and pyrrolidine derivatives: Evaluation as inhibitors of InhA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:462-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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35
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Inturi B, Pujar GV, Purohit MN. Recent Advances and Structural Features of Enoyl-ACP Reductase Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:817-826. [PMID: 27775177 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) has been validated as a promising target for antitubercular agents. Isoniazid (INH), the most prescribed drug to treat tuberculosis (TB), inhibits a NADH-dependent InhA that provides precursors of mycolic acids, which are components of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is a pro-drug that needs activation to form the inhibitory INH-NAD adduct by KatG coding for catalase-peroxidase. The INH resistance of M. tuberculosis is caused by mutations in KatG, which may lead to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Hence, there is a need for new drugs that can combat MDR-TB. The rationale for the development of new drugs to combat MDR-TB strains is the design of InhA inhibitors that can bypass bioactivation by KatG. In the present review, special attention was paid to discuss the chemical nature and recent developments of direct InhA inhibitors. The InhA inhibitors reported here have significant inhibitory effects against Mtb InhA. The diphenyl ether derivatives have shown slow onset, a tight-binding mechanism, and high affinity at the InhA active site. However, some of the diphenyl ethers have significant in vitro efficacy, which fails to transform into in vivo efficacy. Among the InhA inhibitors, 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones have emerged as a new chemical class with significant InhA inhibitory activity and better pharmacokinetic parameters when compared to diphenyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathkumar Inturi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj V Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Madhusudhan N Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Joshi SD, Kumar D, Dixit SR, Tigadi N, More UA, Lherbet C, Aminabhavi TM, Yang KS. Synthesis, characterization and antitubercular activities of novel pyrrolyl hydrazones and their Cu-complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:21-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Song L, Wu X. Development of efflux pump inhibitors in antituberculosis therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Benzo[ d ]thiazol-2-yl(piperazin-1-yl)methanones as new anti-mycobacterial chemotypes: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:187-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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