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Evaluation of Bioactive Metabolites and Antioxidant-Rich Extracts of Amaranths with Possible Role in Pancreatic Lipase Interaction: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100676. [PMID: 34677391 PMCID: PMC8539516 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat/carbohydrate-rich diet consumption or elevated secretion of pancreatic lipase (PL) in pancreatic injury results in increased fat digestion and storage. Several metabolites in plant-based diets can help achieve the requirements of nutrition and fitness together. Presently, nutritional metabolites from Amaranthus tricolor, A. viridis, and Achyranthes aspera were assessed and predicted for daily intake. The volatile-metabolite profiling of their extracts using GC-MS revealed various antioxidant and bioactive components. The implication of these specialized components and antioxidant-rich extracts (EC50 free radical scavenging: 34.1 ± 1.5 to 166.3 ± 14.2 µg/mL; FRAP values: 12.1 ± 1.0 to 34.0 ± 2.0 µg Trolox Equivalent/mg) in lipolysis regulation by means of interaction with PL was checked by in silico docking (Betahistine and vitamins: ΔGbind -2.3 to -4.4 kcal/mol) and in vitro fluorescence quenching. Out of the various compounds and extracts tested, Betahistine, ATRA and AVLA showed better quenching the PL fluorescence. The identification of potential extracts as source of functional components contributing to nutrition and fat regulation can be improved through such study.
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Huang JS, Guo BB, Lin FF, Zeng LM, Wang T, Dang XY, Yang Y, Hu YH, Liu J, Wang HY. A novel low systemic diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor, Yhhu2407, improves lipid metabolism. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 158:105683. [PMID: 33347980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism by catalyzing the committed step in triglyceride (TG) synthesis and has been considered as a potential therapeutic target of multiple metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we report a novel DGAT1 inhibitor, Yhhu2407, which showed a stronger DGAT1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 18.24 ± 4.72 nM) than LCQ908 (IC50 = 78.24 ± 8.16 nM) in an enzymatic assay and led to a significant reduction in plasma TG after an acute lipid challenge in mice. Pharmacokinetic studies illustrated that Yhhu2407 displayed a low systemic, liver- and intestine-targeted distribution pattern, which is consistent with the preferential tissue expression pattern of DGAT1 and therefore might help to maximize the beneficial pharmacological effects and prevent the occurrence of side effects. Cell-based investigations demonstrated that Yhhu2407 inhibited free fatty acid (FFA)-induced TG accumulation and apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-100 secretion in HepG2 cells. In vivo study also disclosed that Yhhu2407 exerted a beneficial effect on regulating plasma TG and lipoprotein levels in rats, and effectively ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia in hamsters. In conclusion, we identified Yhhu2407 as a novel DGAT1 inhibitor with potent efficacy on improving lipid metabolism in rats and HFD-fed hamsters without causing obvious adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin-Bin Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei-Fei Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Min Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Dang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - He-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Söftje M, Acker S, Plarre R, Namyslo JC, Kaufmann DE. Novel nicotinoid structures for covalent modification of wood: an environmentally friendly way for its protection against insects. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15726-15733. [PMID: 35493663 PMCID: PMC9052505 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Timber is constantly exposed to environmental influences under outdoor conditions which limits its lifetime and usability. In order to counteract the damaging processes caused by insects, we have developed a novel and more environmentally friendly method to protect wood materials via covalent modification by organic insecticides. Starting with an important class of synthetic insecticides which are derived from the natural insecticide nicotine, various new carboxylic acid derivatives of imidacloprid were made accessible. These activated neonicotinoids were utilized for the chemical modification of wood hydroxy groups. In contrast to conventional wood preservation methods in which biocides are only physically bound to the surface for a limited time, the covalent fixation of the preservative guarantees a permanent effect against wood pests, demonstrated in standardized biological tests. Additionally, the environmental interaction caused by non-bound neonicotinoids is significantly reduced, since both, a smaller application rate is required and leaching of the active ingredient is prevented. By minimizing the pest infestation, the lifetime of the material increases while preserving the natural appearance of the material. A novel and eco-friendly procedure for durable wood protection applying covalently bound organic insecticides is presented. Biological tests confirmed the effectiveness of the method, which also reduces the environmental impact.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Söftje
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Sophie Acker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Rudy Plarre
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | - Dieter E. Kaufmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Clausthal University of Technology
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
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Cyphert EL, Wallat JD, Pokorski JK, von Recum HA. Erythromycin Modification That Improves Its Acidic Stability while Optimizing It for Local Drug Delivery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6020011. [PMID: 28441360 PMCID: PMC5485444 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic erythromycin has limited efficacy and bioavailability due to its instability and conversion under acidic conditions via an intramolecular dehydration reaction. To improve the stability of erythromycin, several analogs have been developed—such as azithromycin and clarithromycin—which decrease the rate of intramolecular dehydration. We set out to build upon this prior work by developing a conjugate of erythromycin with improved pH stability, bioavailability, and preferential release from a drug delivery system directly at the low pH of an infection site. To develop this new drug conjugate, adamantane-1-carbohydrazide was covalently attached to erythromycin via a pH-degradable hydrazone bond. Since Staphylococcus aureus infection sites are slightly acidic, the hydrazone bond will undergo hydrolysis liberating erythromycin directly at the infection site. The adamantane group provides interaction with the drug delivery system. This local delivery strategy has the potential of reducing off-target and systemic side-effects. This work demonstrates the synthesis of a pH-cleavable, erythromycin conjugate that retains the inherent antimicrobial activity of erythromycin, has an increased hydrophobicity, and improved stability in acidic conditions; thereby enhancing erythromycin’s bioavailability while simultaneously reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Cyphert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jaqueline D Wallat
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Horst A von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Singh G, Rani S, Gawri S, Sinha S, Sehgal R. Adamantylated organosilatranes: design, synthesis, and potential appraisal in surface modification and anti-protozoal activity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of organosilatranes tethered with the privileged adamantane motif has been prepared and their pharmacokinetic profiles were scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunita Rani
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | | | - Shweta Sinha
- Department of Medical Parasitology
- Research Block-A
- PGIMER
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology
- Research Block-A
- PGIMER
- Chandigarh
- India
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Nakajima K, April M, Brewer JT, Daniels T, Forster CJ, Gilmore TA, Jain M, Kanter A, Kwak Y, Li J, McQuire L, Serrano-Wu MH, Streeper R, Szklennik P, Thompson J, Wang B. Discovery of diamide compounds as diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1245-8. [PMID: 26804232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diamide compounds were identified as potent DGAT1 inhibitors in vitro, but their poor molecular properties resulted in low oral bioavailability, both systemically and to DGAT1 in the enterocytes of the small intestine, resulting in a lack of efficacy in vivo. Replacing an N-alkyl group on the diamide with an N-aryl group was found to be an effective strategy to confer oral bioavailability and oral efficacy in this lipophilic diamide class of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Nakajima
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Myriam April
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason T Brewer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Daniels
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cornelia J Forster
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas A Gilmore
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Monish Jain
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron Kanter
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Youngshin Kwak
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jingzhou Li
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Les McQuire
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael H Serrano-Wu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ryan Streeper
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul Szklennik
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James Thompson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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