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Shagufta, Ahmad I, Nelson DJ, Hussain MI, Nasar NA. Potential of covalently linked tamoxifen hybrids for cancer treatment: recent update. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1877-1898. [PMID: 38911170 PMCID: PMC11187546 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00632h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death in women. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for breast cancer (ER-positive) treatment and chemoprevention, saving the lives of millions of patients every year. In addition, the tamoxifen template has been explored extensively for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) applicable in breast cancer, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptom treatment. Numerous anticancer drugs, including tamoxifen, are in use, but the complexity and heterogeneous nature of cancer complicate the effect of conventional targeted drugs, leading to adverse reactions and resistance. One of the significant approaches to overcome these shortcomings is drug hybrids, generated by covalently linking two or more active pharmacophores. These drug hybrids are remarkably effective in acting on multiple drug targets with higher selectivity and specificity. In recent years, several tamoxifen hybrids have been discovered as potential candidates for cancer treatment. The review highlights the recent progress in developing anticancer hybrids, including organometallic, fluorescent, photocaged, and novel ligand-based tamoxifen hybrids. It also demonstrates the significance of merging various pharmacophores with tamoxifen to produce more potent, precise, and effective anticancer agents. The study offers valuable knowledge to researchers working on cancer research with the hope of enhancing drug potency and reducing drug toxicity to improve cancer patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
| | - Donna J Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Maheen Imtiaz Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora Ali Nasar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
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2
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Gariganti N, Bandi A, Gatta KN, Pagag J, Guruprasad L, Poola B, Kottalanka RK. Design, synthesis, in-silico studies and apoptotic activity of novel amide enriched 2-(1 H)- quinazolinone derivatives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30292. [PMID: 38711664 PMCID: PMC11070864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a broad classification of diseases that can affect any organ or body tissue due to aberrant cellular proliferation for unknown reasons. Many present chemotherapeutic drugs are highly toxic and have little selectivity. Additionally, they lead to the development of medication resistance. Therefore, developing tailored chemotherapeutic drugs with minimal side effects and good selectivity is crucial for cancer treatment. 2-(1H)-Quinazolinone is one of the vital scaffold and anticancer activity is one of the prominent biological activities of this class. Here we report the novel set of amide-enriched 2-(1H)-quinazolinone derivatives (7a-j) and their apoptotic activity with the help of MTT assay method against four human cancer cell lines: PC3 (prostate cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer), A549 (lung cancer), and MCF7 (breast cancer). When compared to etoposide, every synthetic test compound (7a-j) exhibited moderate to excellent activity. The IC50 values of the new amide derivatives (7a-j) varied from 0.07 ± 0.0061 μM to 10.8 ± 0.69 μM. While the positive control, etoposide, exhibited 1.97 ± 0.45 μM to 3.08 ± 0.135 μM range. Among the novel amide derivatives (7a-j), in particular, 7i and 7j showed strong apoptotic activity against MCF7; 7h showed against PC3, and 7g showed against DU-145. Molecular docking studies of test compounds (7a-j) with the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain (PDB ID: 1M17) protein provided the significant docking scores for each test compound (7a-j) (-9.00 to -9.67 kcal/mol). Additionally, DFT investigations and MD simulations validated the predictions of molecular docking. According to the findings of the ADME analysis, oral absorption by humans is anticipated to be higher than 85 % for all test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganjaneyulu Gariganti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
- Neuland Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Anjaneyulu Bandi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - K.R.S. Naresh Gatta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jishu Pagag
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Lalitha Guruprasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Bhaskar Poola
- Neuland Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Ravi K. Kottalanka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
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3
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Rani S, Vermani S, Kaur V, Singh P. Targeting aromatase to restrain oestrogen production and developing efficacious interventions against ER-positive cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116111. [PMID: 38185056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Being the most frequently diagnosed disease, breast cancer is mainly classified as ER+ cancers due to the detection of estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Irrespetive of the successes achieved in the treatment of ER+ cancers by the use of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) drugs like tamoxifen, resistance to the drug is a major clinical obstacle. Working on alternative treatment approaches, here, on the basis of mode of action of aromatase for the conversion of androstenedione to oestrogen, a series of compounds was developed. Results of all the experiments performed with these compounds led to the identification of three highly potent compounds 5d, 5e and 7d with their IC50 61.0, 83.0 and 54.0 nM for aromatase. Indicating their effectiveness in the treatment of ER+ cancers, appreciable tumor growth inhibitory activities of these compounds were observed against breast cancer cell lines. Further, the physico-chemical experiments including plasma protein binding, HSA binding, kinetic studies, solubility, ADME properties and molecular modelling studies supported the drug like features of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Sheetal Vermani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Palwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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4
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Banjare L. Design and Pharmacophore Study of Triazole Analogues as Aromatase Inhibitors. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:288-303. [PMID: 37921212 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206265278231026101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In current scenario breast cancer measured as one of the dangerous health issues. An effective therapeutic class of drug known as aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is dominant against estrogen receptorpositive breast cancer. However, there is an urgent need to create target-specific AIs with better anti-breast cancer profiles due to the increased toxicity and adverse effects related to currently existing anti-breast cancer drugs. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we have designed of 100 novel tiazole analogues as aromatase inhibitors their pharmacophoric features were explored. METHOD Molecular docking was applied to a series of 4-substituted-1, 2, 3-triazoles containing letrozole for their aromatase inhibitory effects. The aromatase inhibitory activity of the compound in a series varies in the range of (IC50 = 0.008-31.26 μM). A hydrogen atom positioned at R1 of the triazole ring in compound (01) was responsible for the most potent compound (IC50 = 0.008 μM) in the series of 28 compounds as compared to letrozole. The self-organizing molecular field study was used to assess the molecular characteristics and biological activities of the compounds. The four models were developed using PLS and MLR methods. The PLS method was good for statistical analysis. The letrozole scaffold-based 100 compounds were designed by selecting an effective pharmacophore responsible for aromatase inhibitory activity. The designed compound was placed on the previous model as a test set, and its IC50 values were calculated. RESULT Hydrogen bonds were established between the potent molecule (01) and the essential residues Met 374 and Arg 115, which were responsible for the aromatase-inhibiting action. Cross-validated q2 (0.6349) & noncross- validated r2 (0.7163) were discovered in the statistical findings as having reliable predictive power. Among 100 designed compounds, seven compounds showed good aromatase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION The additional final SOMFA model created for the interactions between the aromatase and the triazole inhibitors may be helpful for future modification and enhancement of the inhibitors of this crucial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Banjare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, 495009 (C.G.) India
- Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490020, India
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5
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Rastogi SK, Ciliberto VC, Trevino MZ, Campbell BA, Brittain WJ. Green Approach Toward Triazole Forming Reactions for Developing Anticancer Drugs. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:380-420. [PMID: 37157212 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230508125144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Compounds containing triazole have many significant applications in the dye and ink industry, corrosion inhibitors, polymers, and pharmaceutical industries. These compounds possess many antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-HIV, antitubercular, and anticancer activities. Several synthetic methods have been reported for reducing time, minimizing synthetic steps, and utilizing less hazardous and toxic solvents and reagents to improve the yield of triazoles and their analogues synthesis. Among the improvement in methods, green approaches towards triazole forming biologically active compounds, especially anticancer compounds, would be very important for pharmaceutical industries as well as global research community. In this article, we have reviewed the last five years of green chemistry approaches on click reaction between alkyl azide and alkynes to install 1,2,3-triazole moiety in natural products and synthetic drug-like molecules, such as in colchicine, flavanone cardanol, bisphosphonates, thiabendazoles, piperazine, prostanoid, flavonoid, quinoxalines, C-azanucleoside, dibenzylamine, and aryl-azotriazole. The cytotoxicity of triazole hybrid analogues was evaluated against a panel of cancer cell lines, including multidrug-resistant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva K Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Veronica C Ciliberto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Monica Z Trevino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Brooke A Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - William J Brittain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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6
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García A, Torres-Ruiz S, Vila L, Villarroel-Vicente C, Bernabeu Á, Eroles P, Cabedo N, Cortes D. Synthesis of 2-aminopropyl benzopyran derivatives as potential agents against triple-negative breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2327-2341. [PMID: 38020071 PMCID: PMC10650959 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of three series of 2-aminopropyl derivatives containing a benzopyran nucleus was performed to evaluate their performance against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). For the three series, the cytotoxic activity was as follows: N-methylated derivatives (tertiary amines) 5b, 6b, and 7b > secondary amine benzopyrans 5, 6, and 7 > quaternary amine salts 5c, 6c, and 7c > free phenolic derivatives 5a, 6a, and 7a. The structure-activity relationship showed the importance of the presence of an amine group and a p-fluorobenzyloxy substituent in the chromanol ring (IC50 values from 1.5 μM to 58.4 μM). In addition, 5a, 5b, 6a, and 7b displayed slight selectivity towards tumor cells. Compounds 5, 5a, 5b, 6, 6a, 6c, 7, and 7b showed apoptotic/necrotic effects due to, at least in part, an increase in reactive oxygen species generation, whereas 5b, 5c, 6b, 7a, and 7c caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Further cell-based mechanistic studies revealed that 5a, 6a, and 7b, which were the most promising compounds, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, while 5b downregulated the expression of cyclins CCND1 and CCND2. Therefore, 2-aminopropyl benzopyran derivatives emerge as new hits and potential leads for developing useful agents against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa García
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia 46100 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - Sandra Torres-Ruiz
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - Carlos Villarroel-Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia 46100 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - Álvaro Bernabeu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia 46100 Valencia Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC) 28019 Madrid Spain
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia 46100 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia 46100 Valencia Spain
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7
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Ilovaisky AI, Scherbakov AM, Chernoburova EI, Povarov AA, Shchetinina MA, Merkulova VM, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Bozhenko EI, Zavarzin IV, Terent'ev AO. Secosteroid thiosemicarbazides and secosteroid-1,2,4-triazoles as antiproliferative agents targeting breast cancer cells: Synthesis and biological evaluation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106386. [PMID: 37666392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and selective approach to 13,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-oic acid [N'-arylcarbothioamido]hydrazides and hybrid molecules containing secosteroid and 1,2,4-triazole fragments was disclosed and these novel types of secosteroids were screened for cytotoxicity against hormone-dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Most of secosteroid-1,2,4-triazole hybrids showed significant cytotoxic effect comparable or superior to that of the reference drug cisplatin. Hit secosteroid-1,2,4-triazole hybrids 4b and 4h were characterized by high cytotoxicity and good selectivity towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PARP cleavage (marker of apoptosis) and ERα and cyclin D1 downregulation were discovered in MCF-7 cells treated with lead secosteroid-1,2,4-triazole hybrid 4b. The synthesized secosteroids may be considered as new promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey I Ilovaisky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander M Scherbakov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Elena I Chernoburova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Povarov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina A Shchetinina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina M Merkulova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Diana I Salnikova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Danila V Sorokin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Eugene I Bozhenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V Zavarzin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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8
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Maghraby MTE, Mazyad Almutairi T, Bräse S, Salem OIA, Youssif BGM, Sheha MM. New 1,2,3-Triazole/1,2,4-triazole Hybrids as Aromatase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Apoptotic Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7092. [PMID: 37894571 PMCID: PMC10609154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 1,2,3-triazole/1,2,4-triazole hybrids 5a, 5b, and 6a-i was designed and synthesized as antiproliferative agents targeting aromatase enzymes. The antiproliferative activity of the new hybrids against four cancer cells was studied using Erlotinib as a control. Compounds 6a and 6b demonstrated the highest antiproliferative activity among these hybrids, with GI50 values of 40 nM and 35 nM, respectively. Compound 6b was the most potent derivative, with a GI50 of 35 nM, comparable to Erlotinib's GI50 of 33 nM. Compound 6b inhibited all cancer cell lines with comparable efficacy to Erlotinib. Compounds 5a, 5b, and 6a-i were tested for inhibitory action against aromatase as a potential target for their antiproliferative activity. Results revealed that compounds 6a and 6b were the most potent aromatase inhibitors, with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.01 µM and 0.09 ± 0.01 µM, respectively, being more potent than the reference Ketoconazole (IC50 = 2.6 ± 0.20 µM) but less potent than Letrozole (IC50 = 0.002 ± 0.0002). These findings indicated that compounds 6a and 6b had significant aromatase inhibitory action and are potential antiproliferative candidates. The findings were further linked to molecular docking investigations, which gave models of strong interactions with the aromatase domain for inhibitors with high binding scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T-E Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (M.T.-E.M.); (O.I.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, New Valley 72511, Egypt
| | - Tahani Mazyad Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ola I. A. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (M.T.-E.M.); (O.I.A.S.)
| | - Bahaa G. M. Youssif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (M.T.-E.M.); (O.I.A.S.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Sheha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New-Assiut 71684, Egypt
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9
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Chen Q, Wang Z, Chen H. A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction applied for doping control of aromatase inhibitors from equine urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115583. [PMID: 37494867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) can indirectly cause increased testosterone in animals, which leads to the improvement of the athletic ability of horses. For the protection of horses and the consideration of fair competition, AIs were listed as prohibited drugs by the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI). There were several disadvantages using traditional pretreatment methods before analyzing these drugs from biological samples. A rapid and green pretreatment method has been developed by utilizing the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-VALLME) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique for the efficient extraction and sensitive detection of AIs in equine urine samples. The combination of menthol and 4-fluorophenol in a molar ratio 1:4 was chosen as the optimum composition of DES for extracting AIs. Under the optimum conditions, only 80 μL of DES, 1 mL equine urine and 2 min were expended. An external standard calibration method was utilized for determination, and a linear relationship was achieved with a concentration range of 0.02-4000 ng mL-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9983). The limits of detection of the method based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.01-4 ng mL-1. The accuracy recoveries ranged from 94.9% to 113.4% within the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations of less than 9.1%. Compared with traditional extraction methods, the DES-VALLME method had the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, efficiency, low toxicity, and low cost. This method has potential and possessed brilliant prospects for doping control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Equine Science Research and Horse Doping Control Laboratory, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Equine Science Research and Horse Doping Control Laboratory, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Huaixia Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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10
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Göktürk T, Sakallı Çetin E, Hökelek T, Pekel H, Şensoy Ö, Aksu EN, Güp R. Synthesis, Structural Investigations, DNA/BSA Interactions, Molecular Docking Studies, and Anticancer Activity of a New 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Derivative. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31839-31856. [PMID: 37692230 PMCID: PMC10483525 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a new 1,2,3-triazole derivative, namely, 4-((1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which was synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The structure of the compound was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis, and elemental analyses. Moreover, X-ray crystallography studies demonstrated that the compound adapted a monoclinic crystal system with the P21/c space group. The dominant interactions formed in the crystal packing were found to be hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions according to Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis. The volume of the crystal voids and the percentage of free spaces in the unit cell were calculated as 152.10 Å3 and 9.80%, respectively. The evaluation of energy frameworks showed that stabilization of the compound was dominated by dispersion energy contributions. Both in vitro and in silico investigations on the DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding activity of the compound showed that the CT-DNA binding activity of the compound was mediated via intercalation and BSA binding activity was mediated via both polar and hydrophobic interactions. The anticancer activity of the compound was also tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human cell lines including MDA-MB-231, LNCaP, Caco-2, and HEK-293. The compound exhibited more cytotoxic activity than cisplatin and etoposide on Caco-2 cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 16.63 ± 0.27 μM after 48 h. Annexin V suggests the induction of cell death by apoptosis. Compound 3 significantly increased the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels in Caco-2 cells, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay proved that compound 3 could induce apoptosis by ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Göktürk
- Department
of Chemistry, Muğla Sıtkı
Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Esin Sakallı Çetin
- Department
of Medical Biology, Muğla Sıtkı
Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department
of Physics, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hanife Pekel
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özge Şensoy
- Department
of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Medipol
University, 34000 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Nur Aksu
- Department
of Medical Biology, Muğla Sıtkı
Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Güp
- Department
of Chemistry, Muğla Sıtkı
Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Türkiye
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Diaz de Greñu B, Fernández-Aroca DM, Organero JA, Durá G, Jalón FA, Sánchez-Prieto R, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Rodríguez AM, Santos L, Albasanz JL, Manzano BR. Ferrozoles: Ferrocenyl derivatives of letrozole with dual effects as potent aromatase inhibitors and cytostatic agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:531-547. [PMID: 37458856 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers, aromatase inhibitors (AI) are receiving increased attention due to some undesirable effects such as the risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolism of SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulators). Letrozole is the most active AI with 99% aromatase inhibition. Unfortunately, this compound also exhibits some adverse effects such as hot flashes and fibromyalgias. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new types of AIs that retain the same-or even increased-antitumor ability. Inspired by the letrozole structure, a set of new derivatives has been synthesized that include a ferrocenyl moiety and different heterocycles. The derivative that contains a benzimidazole ring, namely compound 6, exhibits a higher aromatase inhibitory activity than letrozole and it also shows potent cytostatic behavior when compared to other well-established aromatase inhibitors, as demonstrated by dose-response, cell cycle, apoptosis and time course experiments. Furthermore, 6 promotes the inhibition of cell growth in both an aromatase-dependent and -independent fashion, as indicated by the study of A549 and MCF7 cell lines. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations on the interaction of 6 or letrozole with the aromatase binding site revealed that the ferrocene moiety increases the van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions, thus resulting in an increase in binding affinity. Furthermore, the iron atom of the ferrocene fragment can form a metal-acceptor interaction with a propionate fragment, and this results in a stronger coupling with the heme group-a possibility that is consistent with the strong aromatase inhibition of 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Diaz de Greñu
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Diego M Fernández-Aroca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan A Organero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímicas and INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Gema Durá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Felix Angel Jalón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - M José Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Departamento de Q. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, IRICA, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucia Santos
- Departamento de Q. Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José L Albasanz
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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12
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Rižner TL, Romano A. Targeting the formation of estrogens for treatment of hormone dependent diseases-current status. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1155558. [PMID: 37188267 PMCID: PMC10175629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1155558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Local formation and action of estrogens have crucial roles in hormone dependent cancers and benign diseases like endometriosis. Drugs that are currently used for the treatment of these diseases act at the receptor and at the pre-receptor levels, targeting the local formation of estrogens. Since 1980s the local formation of estrogens has been targeted by inhibitors of aromatase that catalyses their formation from androgens. Steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors have successfully been used to treat postmenopausal breast cancer and have also been evaluated in clinical studies in patients with endometrial, ovarian cancers and endometriosis. Over the past decade also inhibitors of sulfatase that catalyses the hydrolysis of inactive estrogen-sulfates entered clinical trials for treatment of breast, endometrial cancers and endometriosis, with clinical effects observed primarily in breast cancer. More recently, inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, an enzyme responsible for formation of the most potent estrogen, estradiol, have shown promising results in preclinical studies and have already entered clinical evaluation for endometriosis. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of the use of hormonal drugs for the major hormone-dependent diseases. Further, it aims to explain the mechanisms behind the -sometimes- observed weak effects and low therapeutic efficacy of these drugs and the possibilities and the advantages of combined treatments targeting several enzymes in the local estrogen formation, or drugs acting with different therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Romano
- GROW Department of Gynaecology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML)/GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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13
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Cobos-Ontiveros LA, Romero-Hernández LL, Mastranzo-Sánchez EB, Colín-Lozano B, Puerta A, Padrón JM, Merino-Montiel P, Vega Baez JL, Montiel-Smith S. Synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation and in silico studies of a novel steroidal spiro morpholinone. Steroids 2023; 192:109173. [PMID: 36621620 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens play a pivotal role in the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancer and other hormone-dependent disorders. A common strategy to overcome the pathological effects of estrogens is the use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which bind to the enzyme and prevent the union with the natural substrate, decreasing the amount of estrogens produced. Several AIs have been developed, including inhibitors with a steroidal backbone and a nitrogen heterocycle in their structure. Encouraged by the notable results presented by current and clinical steroidal drugs, herein we present the synthesis of a steroidal spiro morpholinone derivative as a plausible aromatase inhibitor. The morpholinone derivative was synthesized over a six-step methodology starting from estrone. The title compound and its hydroxychloroacetamide derivative precursor were evaluated for their antiproliferative profile against estrogen-dependent and independent solid tumor cell lines: A549, HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D and WiDr. Both compounds exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range against the six cancer cell lines, with the hydroxychloroacetamide derivative precursor being a more potent inhibitor (GI50 = 0.25-2.4 µM) than the morpholinone derivative (GI50 = 2.0-11 µM). Furthermore, both compounds showed, in almost all cases, better GI50 values than the steroidal anticancer drugs abiraterone and galeterone. Docking simulations of the derivatives were performed in order to explain the experimental biological activity. The results showed interactions with the iron heme (derivative 3) and important residues of the steroidal binding-site (Met374) for the inhibition of human aromatase. A correlation was found between in vitro assays and the score obtained from the molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cobos-Ontiveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Laura L Romero-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo B Mastranzo-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Blanca Colín-Lozano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Jose Luis Vega Baez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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14
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Shagufta, Ahmad I. Therapeutic significance of molecular hybrids for breast cancer research and treatment. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:218-238. [PMID: 36846377 PMCID: PMC9945856 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death in women. Indeed, over the years, several anti-breast cancer drugs have been developed; however, the complex heterogeneous nature of breast cancer disease reduces the applicability of conventional targeted therapies with the upsurge in side effects and multi-drug resistance. Molecular hybrids generated by a combination of two or more active pharmacophores emerged as a promising approach in recent years for the design and synthesis of anti-breast cancer drugs. The hybrid anti-breast cancer molecules are well known for their several advantages compared to the parent moiety. These hybrid forms of anti-breast cancer molecules demonstrated remarkable effects in blocking different pathways contributing to the pathogenies of breast cancer and improved specificity. In addition, these hybrids are patient compliant with reduced side effects and multi-drug resistance. The literature revealed that molecular hybrids are applied to discover and develop novel hybrids for various complex diseases. This review article highlights the recent progress (∼2018-2022) in developing molecular hybrids, including linked, merged, and fused hybrids, as promising anti-breast cancer agents. Furthermore, their design principles, biological potential, and future perspective are discussed. The provided information will lead to the development of novel anti-breast cancer hybrids with excellent pharmacological profiles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
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15
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Design, synthesis, modeling studies and biological evaluation of pyrazole derivatives linked to oxime and nitrate moieties as nitric oxide donor selective COX-2 and aromatase inhibitors with dual anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106428. [PMID: 36893546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of pyrazole derivatives 10a-f and 11a-f with selective COX-2 inhibition pharmacophore and oxime/nitrate moieties as NO donor moiety were designed, synthesized and tested for anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic activities and NO release. Compounds 10c, 11a, 11e were more selective for COX-2 isozyme (S.I. = 25.95, 22.52 and 21.54 respectively) in comparison to celecoxib (S.I. = 21.41). Regarding anti-cancer activity, all synthesized compounds were screened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, USA for anticancer activity against 60 human cancer cell lines representing the following cancer types: leukemia, non-small cell lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancers. Compounds 10c, 11a, 11e were found to be the most potent inhibitors on breast, ovarian and melanoma cell lines (MCF-7, IGROV1 and SK-MEL-5), compound 11a causing 79 % inhibition in case of MCF-7, 78.80 % inhibition in case of SK-MEL-5 and unexpected cell growth -26.22 % inhibition in case of IGROV1 (IC50 = 3.12, 4.28, 4.13 μM respectively). On the other hand, compounds 10c and 11e showed lower inhibition on the same cell lines with IC50 = 3.58, 4.58, 4.28 μM respectively for 10c, IC50 = 3.43, 4.73, 4.43 μM respectively for 11e. Furthermore, DNA-flow cytometric analysis showed that compound 11a induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase leading to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Additionally, these derivatives examined against F180 fibroblasts to investigate their selectivity indexes. The pyrazole derivative with internal oxime 11a was the most potent compound against most used cell lines especially MCF-7, IGROV1 and SK-MEL-5 (IC50 = 3.12, 4.28, 4.13 μM respectively) with 4.82-fold selectivity towards MCF-7 than F180 fibroblasts. Moreover, oxime derivative 11a showed potent aromatase inhibitory activity (IC50 16.50 μM) when compared with reference compound letrozole (IC50 15.60 μM). All compounds 10a-f and 11a-f released NO in a slow rate (0.73-3.88 %) and the six derivatives 10c, 10e, 11a, 11b, 11c and 11e were the highest NO releasers (3.88, 2.15, 3.27, 2.27, 2.55 and 3.74 % respectively). Herein structure based and ligand based studies were implemented to under stand and evaluate the compounds activity for further in vivo and preclinical studies. Docking mode of final designed compounds with celecoxib (ID: 3LN1) represented that their triazole ring adopted as the core aryl in Y shaped structure. Regarding aromatase enzyme inhibition, docking was carried out with ID: 1 M17. The internal oxime series was more active as anticancer because of their ability to form extra HBs with receptor cleft.
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16
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Luo F, Manse Y, Chaipech S, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Muraoka O, Morikawa T. Phytochemicals with Chemopreventive Activity Obtained from the Thai Medicinal Plant Mammea siamensis (Miq.) T. Anders.: Isolation and Structure Determination of New Prenylcoumarins with Inhibitory Activity against Aromatase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911233. [PMID: 36232534 PMCID: PMC9570088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of searching for phytochemicals with aromatase inhibitory activity, five new prenylcoumarins, mammeasins K (1), L (2), M (3), N (4), and O (5), were isolated from the methanolic extract of Mammea siamensis (Miq.) T. Anders. flowers (fam. Calophyllaceae), originating in Thailand. The stereostructures of 1–5 were elucidated based on their spectroscopic properties. Among the new compounds, 1 (IC50 = 7.6 µM) and 5 (9.1 µM) possessed relatively strong inhibitory activity against aromatase, which is a target of drugs already used in clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. The analysis through Lineweaver–Burk plots showed that they competitively inhibit aromatase (1, Ki = 3.4 µM and 5, 2.3 µM). Additionally, the most potent coumarin constituent, mammea B/AB cyclo D (31, Ki = 0.84 µM), had a competitive inhibitory activity equivalent to that of aminoglutethimide (0.84 µM), an aromatase inhibitor used in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Luo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saowanee Chaipech
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Thungyai, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
| | - Yutana Pongpiriyadacha
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Thungyai, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-4306; Fax: +81-6-6729-3577
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17
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Bennani FE, Doudach L, Karrouchi K, El rhayam Y, Rudd CE, Ansar M, El Abbes Faouzi M. Design and prediction of novel pyrazole derivatives as potential anti-cancer compounds based on 2D-2D-QSAR study against PC-3, B16F10, K562, MDA-MB-231, A2780, ACHN and NUGC cancer cell lines. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10003. [PMID: 35965973 PMCID: PMC9372603 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the decades of scientific studies for developing promising new therapies, cancer remains a major cause of illness and mortality, worldwide. Several cancer types are the major topic of research in drug discovery programs due to their global incidence cases and growing frequency. In the present study, using two different statistical approaches PCA (principal component analysis) and PLS (partial least squares), six 2D-QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) models have been developed for the set of compounds retrieved against seven cancer cell lines vizPC-3, B16F10, K562, MDA-MB-231, A2780, and ACHN. For the creation and validation of 2D-QSAR models, OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) requirements have been strictly followed. All of the generated 2D-QSAR models produce a significant and high correlation coefficient value with several other statistical parameters. Moreover, developed 2D-QSAR models have been used for activity predictions of in-house synthesized 63 pyrazole derivatives compounds. Precisely, most statistically significant and accepted2D-QSAR model generated for each cancer cell line has been used to predict the pIC50 value (anti-cancer activity) of all 63 synthesized pyrazole derivatives. Furthermore, designing of novel pyrazole derivatives has been carried out by substituting the essential functional groups based on the best derived 2D-QSAR models for each cancer cell line, more precisely, based on the most significant molecular descriptors with enhanced anti-cancer activity. Finally, the prediction of the new designed molecules reveals higher pIC50 than the standard compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzahra Bennani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP6203, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP6203, Rabat, Morocco
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Latifa Doudach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Medical Physiology, Higher School of Technical Education of Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP6203, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Karrouchi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP6203, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef El rhayam
- Agro-Resources Laboratory, Organic Polymers and Process Engineering (LRGP) / Organic and Polymer Chemistry Team (ECOP), Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Christopher E. Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M’hammed Ansar
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP6203, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP6203, Rabat, Morocco
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18
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Osmaniye D, Hıdır A, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis of New Pyrimidine-Triazole Derivatives and Investigation of Their Anticancer Activities. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200216. [PMID: 35699405 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors are the most used anticancer drug group in breast cancer cases. The development of resistance in cancer patients over time and the side effects of existing drugs make the need for new and effective agents permanent. In this study, 10 novel pyrimidine-triazole derivatives were synthesized and their anticancer activities were investigated. Compounds 5c and 5g showed inhibitor activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC 50 =1.573±0.020; 3.698±0.056 µM value, respectively. As a result of in vitro aromatase enzyme inhibition test, compounds 5c and 5g were exhibited significant activity with IC 50 =0.082±0.007 µM and IC50=0.198±0.015 µM, respectively. Estimated physicochemical parameters were calculated using the online SwissADME program for all compounds. Interaction modes of the compounds 5c and 5g were investigated against aromatase enzyme by means of docking studies. As a result of the studies, the importance of the triazole ring for aromatase inhibition has been understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Anadolu Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Department, 26470, Eskisehir, TURKEY
| | - Arzu Hıdır
- Anadolu University: Anadolu Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Anadolu University: Anadolu Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Serkan Levent
- Anadolu University: Anadolu Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Anadolu University: Anadolu Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Anadolu University: Anadolu Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir, TURKEY
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Caballero Alfonso AY, Mora Lagares L, Novic M, Benfenati E, Kumar A. Exploration of structural requirements for azole chemicals towards human aromatase CYP19A1 activity: Classification modeling, structure-activity relationships and read-across study. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 81:105332. [PMID: 35176449 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human aromatase, also called CYP19A1, plays a major role in the conversion of androgens into estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase is an important target for estrogen receptor (ER)-responsive breast cancer therapy. Use of azole compounds as aromatase inhibitors is widespread despite their low selectivity. A toxicological evaluation of commonly used azole-based drugs and agrochemicals with respect to CYP19A1is currently requested by the European Union- Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (EU-REACH) regulations due to their potential as endocrine disruptors. In this connection, identification of structural alerts (SAs) is an effective strategy for the toxicological assessment and safe drug design. The present study describes the identification of SAs of azole-based chemicals as guiding experts to predict the aromatase activity. Total 21 SAs associated with aromatase activity were extracted from dataset of 326 azole-based drugs/chemicals obtained from Tox21 library. A cross-validated classification model having high accuracy (error rate 5%) was proposed which can precisely classify azole chemicals into active/inactive toward aromatase. In addition, mechanistic details and toxicological properties (agonism/antagonism) of azoles with respect to aromatase were explored by comparing active and inactive chemicals using structure-activity relationships (SAR). Lastly, few structural alerts were applied to form chemical categories for read-across applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Caballero Alfonso
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di RicercheFarmacologiche "Mario Negri"-IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Liadys Mora Lagares
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Theory Department, Laboratory for Cheminformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Novic
- Theory Department, Laboratory for Cheminformatics, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di RicercheFarmacologiche "Mario Negri"-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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20
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Pingaew R, Choomuenwai V, Leechaisit R, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V. 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Recent Medicinal Applications: Synthesis and Anticancer Potentials. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Sulfonamide derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents and their SARs elucidation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113837. [PMID: 34530384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the arise of drug resistance and undesirable off-target effects of anti-cancer agents are major challenges for cancer treatment, which energizes medicinal chemists to develop more anti-cancer agents with high efficiency and low toxicity continuously. Sulfonamide derivatives are a class of promising compounds with diverse biological activities including anti-cancer, and parts of them have been marketed for cancer therapy, such as Belinostat, ABT-199 and Amsacrine. In this review, we summed up the recent advances of sulfonamide derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents based on the anti-cancer targets, such as aromatase, carbonic anhydrase (CA), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins, topoisomerase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and elucidated the corresponding structure-activity relationships (SARs) of most sulfonamide derivatives. We hope this review could provide a clear insight for medicinal chemists in the rational design of more potent and bio-target specific anti-cancer agents.
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22
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Shagufta, Ahmad I. An Update on Pharmacological Relevance and Chemical Synthesis of Natural Products and Derivatives with Anti SARS-CoV-2 Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021; 6:11502-11527. [PMID: 34909460 PMCID: PMC8661826 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural products recognized traditionally as a vital source of active constituents in pharmacotherapy. The COVID-19 infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible, pathogenic, and considered an ongoing global health emergency. The emergence of COVID-19 globally and the lack of adequate treatment brought attention towards herbal medicines, and scientists across the globe instigated the search for novel drugs from medicinal plants and natural products to tackle this deadly virus. The natural products rich in scaffold diversity and structural complexity are an excellent source for antiviral drug discovery. Recently the investigation of several natural products and their synthetic derivatives resulted in the identification of promising anti SARS-CoV-2 agents. This review article will highlight the pharmacological relevance and chemical synthesis of the recently discovered natural product and their synthetic analogs as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The summarized information will pave the path for the natural product-based drug discovery of safe and potent antiviral agents, particularly against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah Road, P. O. Box10021Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah Road, P. O. Box10021Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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23
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Feller FM, Eilebrecht S, Nedielkov R, Yücel O, Alvincz J, Salinas G, Ludwig KC, Möller H, Philipp B. Investigations on the Degradation of the Bile Salt Cholate via the 9,10- Seco-Pathway Reveals the Formation of a Novel Recalcitrant Steroid Compound by a Side Reaction in Sphingobium sp. Strain Chol11. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102146. [PMID: 34683472 PMCID: PMC8540908 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile salts such as cholate are steroid compounds from the digestive tracts of vertebrates, which enter the environment upon excretion, e.g., in manure. Environmental bacteria degrade bile salts aerobically via two pathway variants involving intermediates with Δ1,4- or Δ4,6-3-keto-structures of the steroid skeleton. Recent studies indicated that degradation of bile salts via Δ4,6-3-keto intermediates in Sphingobium sp. strain Chol11 proceeds via 9,10-seco cleavage of the steroid skeleton. For further elucidation, the presumptive product of this cleavage, 3,12β-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-androsta-1,3,5(10),6-tetraene-9,17-dione (DHSATD), was provided to strain Chol11 in a co-culture approach with Pseudomonas stutzeri Chol1 and as purified substrate. Strain Chol11 converted DHSATD to the so far unknown compound 4-methyl-3-deoxy-1,9,12-trihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)7-tetraene-6,17-dione (MDTETD), presumably in a side reaction involving an unusual ring closure. MDTETD was neither degraded by strains Chol1 and Chol11 nor in enrichment cultures. Functional transcriptome profiling of zebrafish embryos after exposure to MDTETD identified a significant overrepresentation of genes linked to hormone responses. In both pathway variants, steroid degradation intermediates transiently accumulate in supernatants of laboratory cultures. Soil slurry experiments indicated that bacteria using both pathway variants were active and also released their respective intermediates into the environment. This instance could enable the formation of recalcitrant steroid metabolites by interspecies cross-feeding in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Maria Feller
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (O.Y.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; (S.E.); (J.A.)
| | - Ruslan Nedielkov
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Onur Yücel
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (O.Y.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; (S.E.); (J.A.)
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Kevin Christopher Ludwig
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (O.Y.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Heiko Möller
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Bodo Philipp
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.M.F.); (O.Y.); (K.C.L.)
- Department for Environmental Microbiology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8339827; Fax: +49-251-8338388
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24
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Fantacuzzi M, Gallorini M, Gambacorta N, Ammazzalorso A, Aturki Z, Balaha M, Carradori S, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Cataldi A, Nicolotti O, Amoroso R, De Filippis B. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Aromatase Inhibitors Based on Sulfonates and Sulfonamides of Resveratrol. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100984. [PMID: 34681208 PMCID: PMC8537897 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of sulfonate and sulfonamide derivatives of Resveratrol was synthesized and tested for its aromatase inhibitory potential. Interestingly, sulfonate derivatives were found to be more active than sulfonamide bioisosteres with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The sulfonate analogues 1b–c and 1j exhibited good in vitro antiproliferative activity on the MCF7 cell line, evidenced by MTT and LDH release assays. Structure–activity relationships suggested that electronic and lipophilic properties could have a different role in promoting the biological response for sulfonates and sulfonamides, respectively. Docking studies disclosed the main interactions at a molecular level of detail behind the observed inhibition of the more active compounds whose chemical stability has been evaluated with nano-liquid chromatography. Finally, 1b–c and 1j were highlighted as sulfonates to be further developed as novel and original aromatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (B.D.F.)
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “A. Moro” University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Zeineb Aturki
- Institute for Biological Systems (ISB), Italian National Research Council, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marwa Balaha
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Simone Carradori
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “A. Moro” University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (S.C.); (L.G.); (C.M.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (B.D.F.)
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25
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Sharma P, LaRosa C, Antwi J, Govindarajan R, Werbovetz KA. Imidazoles as Potential Anticancer Agents: An Update on Recent Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144213. [PMID: 34299488 PMCID: PMC8307698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings are common structural components of marketed drugs. Among these heterocycles, imidazole/fused imidazole rings are present in a wide range of bioactive compounds. The unique properties of such structures, including high polarity and the ability to participate in hydrogen bonding and coordination chemistry, allow them to interact with a wide range of biomolecules, and imidazole-/fused imidazole-containing compounds are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review summarizes recent reports of imidazole/fused imidazole derivatives as anticancer agents appearing in the peer-reviewed literature from 2018 through 2020. Such molecules have been shown to modulate various targets, including microtubules, tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases, histone deacetylases, p53-Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) protein, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), G-quadraplexes, and other targets. Imidazole-containing compounds that display anticancer activity by unknown/undefined mechanisms are also described, as well as key features of structure-activity relationships. This review is intended to provide an overview of recent advances in imidazole-based anticancer drug discovery and development, as well as inspire the design and synthesis of new anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Chris LaRosa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Janet Antwi
- Division of Mathematics, Computer & Natural Sciences Division, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, OH 43219, USA;
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Pieper W, Ignatov A, Kalinski T, Haybaeck J, Czapiewski P, Nass N. The predictive potential of Neuronatin for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:161-173. [PMID: 34092612 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (NNAT) determined by immunohistochemistry is a negative prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, independent of the major clinicopathological markers. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether NNAT is also a predictive biomarker for pathological remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS One hundred and four breast cancer patients, treated with systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. NNAT was detected in formaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded primary cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry and an immuno-reactive score (IRS) determined. Pathological remission was scored according to Sinn and by evaluation of cytopathic effects. NNAT-IRS was correlated with clinicopathological parameters as well as relapse free and overall survival and for pathological remission after neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS NNAT IRS was an independent prognostic marker for relapse free and overall survival and the time from diagnosis to the "tumor-free" state. NNAT IRS was associated with Luminal-A tumors and correlated slightly negative with age and lymph-node metastasis. There was no significant correlation of NNAT-IRS with Sinn's remission score, but with cytopathic effects of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the prognostic impact of NNAT-IRS in an independent cohort of neoadjuvantly treated patients. Additionally, a correlation with a score for pathological remission under systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Pieper
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine I, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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27
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Rani S, Raheja K, Luxami V, Paul K. A review on diverse heterocyclic compounds as the privileged scaffolds in non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105017. [PMID: 34091288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, emerging malignancy is common among women due to overexpression of estrogen. Estrogens are biosynthesized from androgens by aromatase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme complex, and play a pivotal role in stimulating cell proliferation. Therefore, deprivation of estrogen by blocking aromatase is considered as the effective way for the inhibition and treatment of breast cancer. In recent years, various non-steroidal heterocyclic functionalities have been extensively developed and studied for their aromatase inhibition activity. This review provides information about the structural-activity relationship of heterocycles (Type II) towards aromatase. This aids the medicinal chemist around the significance of different heterocyclic moieties and helps to design potent aromatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Rani
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Konpal Raheja
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India.
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28
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Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar K, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as privileged scaffold for anticancer de novo drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1119-1147. [PMID: 33908322 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1916464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a dreadful disorder that is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe. The complex tumor environment, supplemented with drawbacks of the existing drugs, has made it a global health concern. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring holds an important position in medicinal chemistry due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Several THIQ based natural products have been previously explored for their antitumor properties, making it a vital scaffold for anticancer drug design.Areas covered: This review article addresses the potential of THIQ as anticancer agents. Various medicinal chemistry strategies employed for the design and development of THIQ analogs as inhibitors or modulators of relevant anticancer targets have been discussed in detail. Moreover, the common strategies employed for the synthesis of the core scaffold are also highlighted.Expert opinion: Evidently, THIQs have tremendous potential in anticancer drug design. Some of these analogs exhibited potent activity against various cancer molecular targets. However, there are some drawbacks, such as selectivity that need addressing. The synthetic ease for constructing the core scaffold complimented with its reactivity makes it ideal for further structure-activity relationship studies. For these reasons, THIQ is a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
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29
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Tafesse TB, Bule MH, Khan F, Abdollahi M, Amini M. Developing Novel Anticancer Drugs for Targeted Populations: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:250-262. [PMID: 33234093 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201124111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish. OBJECTIVES This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted anticancer drug development for the targeted population. METHODS Information presented in this review was obtained from different databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Various keywords were used as search terms. RESULTS The pharmaceutical companies currently are executing drug repurposing as an alternative means to accelerate the drug development process that reduces the risk of failure, time and cost, which take 3-12 years with almost 25% overall probability of success as compared to de novo drug discovery and development process (10- 17 years) which has less than 10% probability of success. An alternative strategy to the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, called drug repurposing, is also presented. CONCLUSION Therefore, to continue with the progress of developing novel anticancer drugs for the targeted population, identification and selection of target to specific disease type is important. Considering the aspects of the age of the patient and the disease stages such as each cancer types are different when we study the disease at a molecular level. Drug repurposing technique becomes an influential alternative strategy to discover and develop novel anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse B Tafesse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Development Research Center and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammed H Bule
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Development Research Center and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Bhara Kahu Islamabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Development Research Center and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Shagufta, Ahmad I. The race to treat COVID-19: Potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113157. [PMID: 33486200 PMCID: PMC7802596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unforeseen emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the Wuhan province of China in December 2019, subsequently its abrupt spread across the world has severely affected human life. In a short span of time, COVID-19 has sacked more than one million human lives and marked as a severe global pandemic, which is drastically accountable for the adverse effect directly to the human society, particularly the health care system and the economy. The unavailability of approved and effective drugs or vaccines against COVID-19 further created conditions more adverse and terrifying. To win the war against this pandemic within time there is a desperate need for the most adequate therapeutic treatment, which can be achieved by the collaborative research work among scientists worldwide. In continuation of our efforts to support the scientific community, a review has been presented which discusses the structure and the activity of numerous molecules exhibiting promising SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs inhibition activities. Furthermore, this review offers an overview of the structure, a plausible mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, and crucial structural features substantial to inhibit the primary virus-based and host-based targets involved in SARS-CoV-2 treatment. We anticipate optimistically that this perspective will provide the reader and researcher’s better understanding regarding COVID-19 and pave the path in the direction of COVID-19 drug discovery and development paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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Begum S, Jaswanthi P, Venkata Lakshmi B, Bharathi K. QSAR studies on indole-azole Analogues using DTC tools; imidazole ring is more favorable for aromatase inhibition. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Ammazzalorso A, Gallorini M, Fantacuzzi M, Gambacorta N, De Filippis B, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Nicolotti O, Cataldi A, Amoroso R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazole and triazole-based carbamates as novel aromatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113115. [PMID: 33360796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the search for novel aromatase inhibitors, a series of triazole and imidazole-based carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized. Final compounds were thus evaluated against human aromatase by in vitro kinetic experiments in a fluorimetric assay in comparison with letrozole. The effect of most active derivatives 13a and 15c was then evaluated in vitro on the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 by MTT assay, cytotoxicity assay (LDH release) and cell cycle analysis, revealing a dose-dependent inhibition profile of cell viability and low micromolar IC50 values. In addition, docking simulations were also carried out to elucidate at a molecular level of detail the binding modes adopted to target human aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, "A. Moro" University, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, "A. Moro" University, Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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Vale N, Silva S, Duarte D, Crista DMA, Pinto da Silva L, Esteves da Silva JCG. Normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells to evaluate the safety of carbon dots. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:245-253. [PMID: 34046613 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human normal breast cell line MCF-10A is being widely used as a model in toxicity studies due to its structural similarity to the normal human mammary epithelium. Over the years, application of carbon dots (C-dots) in biomedicine has been increasing due to their photoluminescence properties, biocompatibility, biosafety and possible applications in bioimaging and as drug carriers. In this work we prepared three different C-dots from the same set of carbon and nitrogen precursors (citric acid and urea, respectively) via three distinct bottom-up synthetic routes and their safety was tested against the normal breast cell line MCF-10A. The characterization results demonstrated a similar size range and composition for all the C-dots. The MCF-10A cells were treated with different concentrations of C-dots for 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate the cell viability over time. For the 24 h incubation, there were no significant decreases in the viability of the MCF-10A cells. For the 48 h treatment, there was a significant decrease in the viability of the cells treated with calcination-based C-dots, but without significant cellular viability changes for microwave and hydrothermal-based C-dots. For 72 h, cells treated with hydrothermal-based C-dots have the most promising viability profile. Also, compared with paclitaxel, these C-dots have a safety profile very close to that of an antineoplastic in non-tumor cells. Our results suggest that these new C-dots have potential as imaging candidates or biosensing tools as well as drug carriers, and further investigation in animal models is needed for future application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319 Porto Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana Duarte
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana M A Crista
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
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Adhikari N, Baidya SK, Jha T. Effective anti-aromatase therapy to battle against estrogen-mediated breast cancer: Comparative SAR/QSAR assessment on steroidal aromatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Deshapriya US, Dinuka DLS, Ratnaweera PB, Ratnaweera CN. In silico study for prediction of novel bioactivities of the endophytic fungal alkaloid, mycoleptodiscin B for human targets. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 102:107767. [PMID: 33130394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycoleptodiscin B is a natural product extracted from the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus sp. found in Sri Lanka and Panama with experimentally unexplored activities for human targets. In this study, a computational methodology was applied to determine druggable targets of mycoleptodiscin B. According to the computational toxicity and pharmacokinetics assessment, mycoleptodiscin B was proven to be a suitable drug candidate. Druggable targets for this compound, aromatase, acidic plasma glycoprotein and androgen receptor, were predicted using reverse docking. A two-step validation of those targets was performed using conventional molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, resulting in aromatase being determined as the potential therapeutic target. Based on molecular mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (GBSA) free energies and ligand stability inside the active site cavity during its 120 ns MD run, it can be concluded that mycoleptodiscin B is a potent aromatase inhibitor and could be subjected to further in vitro and in vivo experiments in the drug development pipeline. Consequently, natural product chemists can quickly identify the hidden medicinal properties of their miracle compounds using the computational approach applied in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthpala S Deshapriya
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka; Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - D L Senal Dinuka
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Pamoda B Ratnaweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Chinthaka N Ratnaweera
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemistry, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
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Quinoxaline Derivatives as Antiviral Agents: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122784. [PMID: 32560203 PMCID: PMC7356203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, several viruses have jumped from animals to humans, triggering sizable outbreaks. The current unprecedent outbreak SARS-COV-2 is prompting a search for new cost-effective therapies to combat this deadly pathogen. Suitably functionalized polysubstituted quinoxalines show very interesting biological properties (antiviral, anticancer, and antileishmanial), ensuring them a bright future in medicinal chemistry. Objectives: Focusing on the promising development of new quinoxaline derivatives as antiviral drugs, this review forms part of our program on the anti-infectious activity of quinoxaline derivatives. Methods: Study compiles and discusses recently published studies concerning the therapeutic potential of the antiviral activity of quinoxaline derivatives, covering the literature between 2010 and 2020. Results: A final total of 20 studies included in this review. Conclusions: This review points to a growing interest in the development of compounds bearing a quinoxaline moiety for antiviral treatment. This promising moiety with different molecular targets warrants further investigation, which may well yield even more encouraging results regarding this scaffold.
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Shagufta, Ahmad I, Mathew S, Rahman S. Recent progress in selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:438-454. [PMID: 33479648 PMCID: PMC7580774 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are a novel class of compounds capable of reducing the ERα protein level and blocking ER activity. Therefore, SERDs are considered as a significant therapeutic approach to treat ER+ breast cancer in both early stage and more advanced drug-resistant cases. After the FDA approval of a steroidal drug, fulvestrant, as a SERD for the treatment of breast cancer in patients who have progressed on antihormonal agents, several molecules with diverse chemical structures have been rapidly developed, studied and evaluated for selective estrogen receptor downregulation activity. Here we compile the promising SERDs reported in recent years and discuss the chemical structure and pharmacological profile of the most potent compound of the considered series. Because of the availability of only a limited number of effective drugs for the treatment of breast cancer, the quest for a potent SERD with respectable activity and bioavailability is still ongoing. The goal of this article is to make available to the reader an overview of the current progress in SERDs and provide clues for the future discovery and development of novel pharmacological potent SERDs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Shimy Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofia Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
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38
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Kaur K, Jaitak V. Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:962-983. [PMID: 30864529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190312125602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, current therapies like hormonal therapy, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy become ineffective. Also, the existing drugs for BC treatment are associated with several drawbacks such as poor oral bioavailability, non-selectivity and poor pharmacodynamics properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer anti BC agents. OBJECTIVE This article explored in detail the possibilities of indole-based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents with breast cancer as their major target. METHODS Recent literature related to indole derivatives endowed with encouraging anti BC potential is reviewed. With special focus on BC, this review offers a detailed account of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: aromatase inhibitor, tubulin inhibitor, microtubule inhibitor, targeting estrogen receptor, DNA-binding mechanism, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of PI3K/AkT/NFkB/mTOR, and HDAC inhibitors, by which these derivatives have shown promising anticancer potential. RESULTS Exhaustive literature survey indicated that indole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Indoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogen-mediated activity. Furthermore, indole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets such as topoisomerase and HDAC. These derivatives have shown significant activity against breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION In BC, indole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms that are well established in case of BC. This review has shown that indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of BC chemotherapy. A lot of potential is still hidden which demands to be discovered for upgrading BC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
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39
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Tserfas MO, Kuznetsov YV, Levina IS, Zavarzin IV. Key structures for the synthesis of steroid antitumor agents. Synthesis of 16-dehydro-17-carbaldehydes of 13β- and 13α-estratriene series. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Chiacchio MA, Iannazzo D, Romeo R, Giofrè SV, Legnani L. Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Privileged Scaffolds in Biologically Active Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7166-7195. [PMID: 30182842 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180904125400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives have received great interest in recent pharmacological research, being effective in the treatment of various malignancies, such as myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Most of the FDA approved drugs show a pyridine or pyrimidine core bearing different substituents. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent reports in this field, with reference to the newly discovered pyridineor pyrimidine-based drugs, to their synthesis and to the evaluation of the most biologically active derivatives. The corresponding benzo-fused heterocyclic compounds, i.e. quinolines and quinazolines, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, V.le Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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41
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Ilovaisky AI, Merkulova VM, Vil' VA, Chernoburova EI, Shchetinina MA, Loguzov SD, Dmitrenok AS, Zavarzin IV, Terent'ev AO. Regioselective Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Steroidal Ketones to Lactones Using BF3/H2O2. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey I. Ilovaisky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology; 143050 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valentina M. Merkulova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vera A. Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology; 143050 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elena I. Chernoburova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Marina A. Shchetinina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergey D. Loguzov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S. Dmitrenok
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Zavarzin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology; 143050 Moscow Russian Federation
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; 125047 Moscow Russian Federation
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42
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Fantacuzzi M, De Filippis B, Gallorini M, Ammazzalorso A, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Aturki Z, Donati E, Ibrahim RS, Shawky E, Cataldi A, Amoroso R. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of indole aryl sulfonamides as aromatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Novel triazole-tetrahydroisoquinoline hybrids as human aromatase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Shamsi F, Aneja B, Hasan P, Zeya B, Zafaryab M, Mehdi SH, Rizvi MMA, Patel R, Rana S, Abid M. Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and DNA‐Binding Spectroscopic Insights of Quinoline‐Based 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Shamsi
- Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
- Genome Biology LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Phool Hasan
- Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Bushra Zeya
- Genome Biology LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - M Zafaryab
- Genome Biology LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Genome Biology LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - M. Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical Chemistry LaboratoryCentre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic SciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198–6805 USA
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India
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45
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Yu L, Chen L, Luo G, Liu L, Zhu W, Yan P, Zhang P, Zhang C, Wu W. Study on Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Aryl Substituted Xanthone Derivatives as Novel and Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1232-1241. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Liandi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Guolin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Licai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Pengke Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
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Makar S, Saha T, Swetha R, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Rational approaches of drug design for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), implicated in breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103380. [PMID: 31757413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have gained momentum due to the rational drug design by engaging computational tools and bioinformatics methodologies. Bioisosteric replacements and hybrid molecular approaches are the other inventive processes, used by medicinal chemists for the desired modifications of leads for clinical drug candidates. SERMs, ought to produce inhibitory activity in breast, uterus and agonist activity in other tissues, are beneficial for estrogen-like actions. ER subtypes α and β are hormone dependent modulators of intracellular signaling and gene expression, and development of ER selective ligands could be an effective approach for treatment of breast cancer. This report has critically investigated the possible designing considerations of SERMs, their in silico interactions, and potent pharmacophore generation approaches viz. indole, restricted benzothiophene [3, 2-b] indole, carborane, xanthendione, combretastatin A-4, organometallic heterocycles, OBHS-SAHA hybrids, benzopyranones, tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dig G derivatives and their specifications in drug design and development, to rationally improve the understanding in drug discovery. This also includes various strategies for the development of dual inhibitors for the management of antiestrogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India.
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47
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Leechaisit R, Pingaew R, Prachayasittikul V, Worachartcheewan A, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Synthesis, molecular docking, and QSAR study of bis-sulfonamide derivatives as potential aromatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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48
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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Razak NA, Abu N, Ho WY, Zamberi NR, Tan SW, Alitheen NB, Long K, Yeap SK. Cytotoxicity of eupatorin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1514. [PMID: 30728391 PMCID: PMC6365513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eupatorin has been reported with in vitro cytotoxic effect on several human cancer cells. However, reports on the mode of action and detail mechanism of eupatorin in vitro in breast cancer disease are limited. Hence, eupatorin's effect on the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 was investigated. MTT assay showed that eupatorin had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells but was non-toxic to the normal cells of MCF-10a in a time-dose dependent manner. At 24 h, the eupatorin showed mild cytotoxicity on both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values higher than 20 μg/mL. After 48 h, eupatorin at 5 μg/mL inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by 50% while the IC50 of MCF-10a was significantly (p < 0.05) high with 30 μg/mL. The concentration of eupatorin at 5 μg/mL induced apoptosis mainly through intrinsic pathway by facilitating higher fold of caspase 9 compared to caspase 8 at 48 h. The cell cycle profile also showed that eupatorin (5 μg/mL) exerted anti-proliferation activity with the cell cycle arrest of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at sub Gθ/G1 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, wound healing assay showed an incomplete wound closure of scratched MDA-MB-231 cells, and more than 60% of the MDA-MB-231 cells were prevented to migrate and invade the membrane in the Boyden chamber after 24 h. Eupatorin also inhibited angiogenic sprouting of new blood vessels in ex vivo mouse aorta ring assay. In gene expression assay, eupatorin up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes such as Bak1, HIF1A, Bax, Bad, cytochrome c and SMAC/Diablo and blocked the Phospho-Akt pathway. In conclusion, eupatorin is a potent candidate to induce apoptosis and concurrently inhibit the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells through inhibition of Phospho-Akt pathway and cell cycle blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursyamirah Abd Razak
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaa'cob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Rizi Zamberi
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Long
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Laborotary of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, 43900, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Burdzhiev NT, Baramov TI, Stanoeva ER, Yanev SG, Stoyanova TD, Dimitrova DH, Kostadinova KA. Synthesis of novel trans-4-(phthalimidomethyl)- and 4-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-indolyl-tetrahydroisoquinolinones as possible aromatase inhibitors. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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