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Structure-based design and synthesis of conformationally constrained derivatives of methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP) with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105554. [PMID: 34923243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Estrogen receptors (ER) are cytoplasmic proteins; translocated to the nucleus to induce transcriptional signals after getting bound to the estrogen hormone. ER activation implicated in cancer cell proliferation of female reproductive organs. Thus, the discovery of ER antagonists is a reliable strategy to combat estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Endometrial carcinoma is one of the complications encountered upon long-term therapy by selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like Tamoxifen (TMX) and methyl piperidinopyrazole (MPP). Thus, the ER-full antagonist is a solution to improve the safety of this class of therapeutics during the treatment of breast cancer. We selected MPP as a lead structure to design conformationally constrained analogs. Structural rigidification is a proven strategy to transform the SERMs into full antagonists. Accordingly, we synthesized 7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]indazoles (4), (6a-c),(8-12) along with the biphenolic counterparts(13-19)that are the anticipated active metabolites. The 4-nitrophenyl derivative(4)is with the most balanced profile regardingthe in vivoanti-uterotrophic potential (EC50 = 4.160 μM); and the cytotoxicity assay of the corresponding active metabolite(13)against ER+ breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 IC50 = 7.200 μM, T-47D IC50 = 11.710 μM). The inconsiderable uterotrophic activities of the elaborated ER-antagonists and weak antiproliferative activity of the compound(13)against ovarian cancer (SKOV-3 IC50 = 29.800 μM) highlighted it as a good start point to elaborate potential ER-full antagonists devoid of endometrial carcinoma. Extending the pendant chain that protrudes from the 2-(4-(substituted)-phenyl) ring of the new benzo-indazoles is recommended for enhancing the potency based on the binding mode of compound(13)in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ER.
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Shen Y, Shi Z, Fan JT, Yan B. Dechlorination and demethylation of ochratoxin A enhance blocking activity of PXR activation, suppress PXR expression and reduce cytotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:171-180. [PMID: 32659470 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been established to induce chemoresistance and metabolic diseases. Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin, decreases the expression of PXR protein in human primary hepatocytes. OTA is chlorinated and has a methylated lactone ring. Both structures are associated with OTA toxicity. The study was to test the hypothesis that structural modifications differentially impact PXR blocking activity over cytotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, OTA-M and OTA-Cl/M were synthesized. OTA-M lacked the methyl group of the lactone-ring, whereas OTA-Cl/M had neither the methyl group nor the chlorine atom. The blocking activity of PXR activation was determined in a stable cell line, harboring both PXR (coding sequence) and its luciferase element reporter. OTA-Cl/M showed the highest blocking activity, followed by OTA-M and OTA. OTA-Cl/M was 60 times as potent as the common PXR blocker ketoconazole based on calculated IC50 values. OTA-Cl/M decreased by 90 % the expression of PXR protein and was the least cytotoxic among the tested compounds. Molecular docking identified that OTA and its derivatives interacted with different sets of residues in PXR, providing a molecular basis for selectivity. Excessive activation of PXR has been implicated in chemoresistance and metabolic diseases. Downregulation of PXR protein expression likely delivers an effective mechanism against structurally diverse PXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jun Ting Fan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Laiolo J, Tomašič T, Vera DMA, González ML, Lanza PA, Gancedo SN, Hodnik Ž, Peterlin Mašič L, Kikelj D, Carpinella MC. Analogues of the Lignan Pinoresinol as Novel Lead Compounds for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1186-1192. [PMID: 30613324 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To find novel P-gp-inhibitors, a library of pregnane X receptor (PXR) ligands and the ZINC DrugsNow library were superimposed on the P-gp inhibitor (+)-pinoresinol (1) used as a query for a three-dimensional similarity search. After determining the TanimotoCombo index of similarity with 1, eight compounds from the PXR library and two ZINC compounds were selected for biological evaluation. The P-gp inhibition study showed that compounds 7, 8, and 9 successfully increased intracellular doxorubicin (DOX) accumulation in the P-gp overexpressed Lucena 1 cells from 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μM, respectively. Among a series of analogues of 9, compounds 26-30 were shown to be active, with 26 and 27 causing a significant increase in DOX accumulation from 1.56 μM and rendering Lucena 1 sensitive to DOX from 1.56 and 0.78 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies showed that both compounds bind to the P-gp at transmembrane helices (TMH) 4, 5, and 6, with 27 also showing contacts with TMH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Laiolo
- Research Institute of Natural Resources and Sustainability José Sánchez Labrador S.J. (IRNASUS-CONICET), School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia
| | - D. Mariano A. Vera
- Department of Chemistry, QUIAMM−INBIOTEC−CONICET, College of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María L. González
- Research Institute of Natural Resources and Sustainability José Sánchez Labrador S.J. (IRNASUS-CONICET), School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Priscila A. Lanza
- Department of Chemistry, QUIAMM−INBIOTEC−CONICET, College of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Samanta N. Gancedo
- Department of Chemistry, QUIAMM−INBIOTEC−CONICET, College of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Žiga Hodnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia
| | | | - Danijel Kikelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia
| | - María C. Carpinella
- Research Institute of Natural Resources and Sustainability José Sánchez Labrador S.J. (IRNASUS-CONICET), School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Development of novel silanol-based human pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonists with improved receptor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4493-4501. [PMID: 30077610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for multiple diseases. Herein, we report the development and structure-activity relationship studies of a new series of hPXR agonists. Focusing on our recently developed silanol-sulfonamide scaffold, we developed the potent hPXR agonist 28, which shows good selectivity over hLXRα and β, hFXR, and hRORα and γ. Examination of the structure-activity relationship suggested a possible strategy to manipulate the selectivity. Docking simulation indicated the presence of an additional binding cavity and polar contacts in the ligand-binding pocket of hPXR. This information should be helpful for the future development of more potent and selective hPXR ligands.
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