1
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Khalaf RA, Shalluf A, Habash M. Fluorinated Diaryl Sulfonamides: Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and In Vitro Validation as New CETP Inhibitors. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:987-997. [PMID: 37855352 DOI: 10.2174/0115734099268407230927113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, a cardiovascular disease risk factor, is characterized by a rise in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) enables the transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to LDL and very low-density lipoprotein. OBJECTIVES CETP inhibition is a promising approach to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. By inhibiting lipid transport activity, it increases HDL levels and decreases LDL levels. MATERIALS AND METHOD Herein, diaryl sulfonamides 6a-6g and 7a-7g were prepared, and the structure of these compounds was fully determined using different spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS These compounds underwent biological evaluation in vitro and showed different inhibitory activities against CETP; 100% inhibitory activity was observed for compounds 7a-7g, while activities of compounds 6a-6g ranged up to 42.6% at 10 μM concentration. Pharmacophore mapping agreed with the bioassay results where the four aromatic ring compounds 7a-7g possessed higher fit values against Hypo4/8 and the shape-complemented Hypo4/8 in comparison to compounds 6a-6g. CONCLUSION Docking of the synthesized compounds using libdock and ligandfit engines revealed that compounds 7a-7g formed п-п stacking and hydrophobic interactions with the binding pocket, while compounds 6a-6g missed these hydrophobic interactions with amino acids Leu206, Phe265, and Phe263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Abu Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Azhar Shalluf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maha Habash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
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2
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Yang H, Deng M, Jia H, Zhang K, Liu Y, Cheng M, Xiao W. A review of structural modification and biological activities of oleanolic acid. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:15-30. [PMID: 38278556 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Since its initial isolation and identification, numerous studies have reported on the structural modifications and pharmacological activities of OA and its derivatives. Despite this, there has been a dearth of comprehensive reviews in the past two decades, leading to challenges in subsequent research on OA. Based on the main biological activities of OA, this paper comprehensively summarized the modification strategies and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of OA and its derivatives to provide valuable reference for future investigations into OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Minghui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
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3
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Yang YH, Dai SY, Deng FH, Peng LH, Li C, Pei YH. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry of oleanolic acid derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113397. [PMID: 36029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a ubiquitous pentacyclic oleanane-type triterpene isolated from edible and medicinal plants, exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and tremendous therapeutic potential. However, the undesirable pharmacokinetic properties limit its application and development. Numerous researches on structural modifications of OA have been carried out to overcome this limitation and improve its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. This review aims to compile and summarize the recent progresses in the medicinal chemistry of OA derivatives, especially on structure-activity relationship in the last few years (2010-2021). It gives insights into the rational design of bioactive derivatives from OA scaffold as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Fu-Hua Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Li-Huan Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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4
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Erdmann J, Kujaciński M, Wiciński M. Beneficial Effects of Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Conditions. Nutrients 2021; 13:3900. [PMID: 34836155 PMCID: PMC8622438 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in a number of plants such as apples, thyme, oregano, hawthorn and others. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have presented its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The inhibition of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways and the increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in numerous ways seem to be the most beneficial effects of UA. In mice and rats, administration of UA appears to slow down the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially atherosclerosis and cardiac fibrosis. Upregulation of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cystathionine-λ-lyase (CSE) by UA may suggest its vasorelaxant property. Inhibition of metalloproteinases activity by UA may contribute to better outcomes in aneurysms management. UA influence on lipid and glucose metabolism remains inconsistent, and additional studies are essential to verify its efficacy. Furthermore, UA derivatives appear to have a beneficial impact on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to summarize recent findings on beneficial effects of UA that may make it a promising candidate for clinical trials for the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Erdmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
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5
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Design, Synthesis, Characterization of New Carbamates of 4-Nitrophenylchloroformate and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities: an In Vitro and In Silico Approach. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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Diethelm-Varela B. Using NMR Spectroscopy in the Fragment-Based Drug Discovery of Small-Molecule Anticancer Targeted Therapies. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:725-742. [PMID: 33236493 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Against the challenge of providing personalized cancer care, the development of targeted therapies stands as a promising approach. The discovery of these agents can benefit from fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) methods that help guide ligand design and provide key structural information on the targets of interest. In particular, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a promising biophysical tool in fragment discovery due to its detection capabilities and versatility. This review provides an overview of FBDD, describes the basis of NMR-based fragment screening, summarizes some exciting technical advances reported over the past decades, and closes with a discussion of selected case studies where this technique has been used as part of drug discovery campaigns to produce lead compounds towards the design of anti-cancer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Diethelm-Varela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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7
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Liu S, Zhou X, Li M, Zhao W, Zhou S, Cheng K, Xu Q, Chen C, Wen X, Sun H, Yuan H. Discovery of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (USP7) Inhibitors with Novel Scaffold Structures by Virtual Screening, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Biological Evaluation. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3255-3264. [PMID: 32282203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
USP7 has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this study, virtual screening, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and biological evaluation have been applied for the discovery of novel USP7 inhibitors targeting the catalytic active site. Among the obtained compounds, compound 12 with a novel scaffold structure exhibited certain USP7 inhibitory activity (Ub-AMC assay IC50 = 18.40 ± 1.75 μM, Ub-Rho assay IC50 = 7.75 μM). The binding affinity between USP7CD (USP7 catalytic domain) and this hit compound was confirmed with a KD value of 4.46 ± 0.86 μM. Preliminary in vitro studies disclosed its antiproliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP with an IC50 value of 15.43 ± 3.49 μM. MD simulation revealed the detailed differences of protein-ligand interactions between USP7CD and the ligands, including the reference compound ALM4 and compound 12, providing some important information for improving the bioactivity of 12. This hit compound will serve as a promising starting point for facilitating the further discovery of novel USP7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Minglei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shuxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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8
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Dai L, Feng Z, Zha R, Cheng K, Wen X, Sun H, Yuan H. Discovery of Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) Agonists by Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1717-1727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rili Zha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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9
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Chen C, Sun R, Sun Y, Chen X, Li F, Wen X, Yuan H, Chen D. Synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR studies of ursolic acid 3β-ester derivatives as novel CETP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126824. [PMID: 31780304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as well as raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in human plasma. Herein, a series of ursolic acid 3β-ester derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the CETP inhibiting activities. Among these compounds, the most active compound is U12 with an IC50 value of 2.4 μM in enzymatic assay. The docking studies showed that the possible hydrogen bond interactions between the carboxyl groups at both ends of the molecule skeleton and several polar residues (such as Ser191, Cys13 and Ser230) in the active site region of CETP could significantly enhance the inhibition activity. This study provides structural insight of the interactions between these pentacyclic triterpenoid 3β-ester derivatives and CETP protein for the further modification and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dongyin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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10
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Tárraga WA, Garda HA, Toledo JD, Gonzalez MC. Potential Inhibitors of the Activity of the Cholesterol-Ester Transfer Protein. J Comput Biol 2019; 26:1458-1469. [PMID: 31356116 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2018.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) exchanges lipids between high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The excessive transport of lipids from HDLs to LDLs mediated by this protein can cause an alteration in the deposition of lipoproteins onto the arterial walls, thus promoting the development of arteriosclerosis. Different CETP inhibitors have been tested in recent years, but none has been confirmed as being effectively palliative for the disease. We employed in silico databases and molecular docking as a computational method to predict how potential CETP inhibitors could interact with the active site of the CETP protein. Upon previously comparing two computer software packages to determine which generated a greater number of accurate CETP-inhibitor-complex structures, we chose the more appropriate program for our studies. We then abstracted a series of databases of known CETP inhibitors and noninhibitors exhibiting different 50% concentrations of CETP-inhibitory (INH) activity, to generate virtual structures for docking with different combinations of the CETP receptor. From this process, we obtained as the most suitable structure 4F2A_1OB_C_PCW-it accordingly having a greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The molecular docking of known compounds in comparison with the respective conformation of this inhibitor enabled us to obtain ΔGs (in kcal/mol) from which data we made a first exploration of unknown compounds for CETP-INH activity. Thus, the 4F2A_1OB_C_PCW structure was docked with DrugBank-Approved commercial compounds in an extensive database, whose status had already been established from pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this study, we present a group of potential compounds as CETP-inhibitor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Alberto Tárraga
- Institute of Biochemical Research of La Plata Rodolfo Brenner (INIBIOLP), CONICET-CCT La Plata, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Horacio Alberto Garda
- Institute of Biochemical Research of La Plata Rodolfo Brenner (INIBIOLP), CONICET-CCT La Plata, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Domingo Toledo
- Institute of Biochemical Research of La Plata Rodolfo Brenner (INIBIOLP), CONICET-CCT La Plata, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marina Cecilia Gonzalez
- Institute of Biochemical Research of La Plata Rodolfo Brenner (INIBIOLP), CONICET-CCT La Plata, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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11
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Wu W, Han L, Wang C, Wen X, Sun H, Yuan H. Structural insights into ligand binding features of dual FABP4/5 inhibitors by molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4790-4800. [PMID: 30590992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1561328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 4 and 5 have been considered as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. A compensatory upregulation of FABP5 due to the gene ablation of FABP4 in adipocytes indicated the importance of dual FABP4/5 inhibitors. A few compounds have been discovered as dual FABP4/5 inhibitors. However, none exhibited equivalent inhibitory activity against both FABP4 and FABP5, and almost all compounds showed weaker inhibition against FABP5. To provide a better structural understanding for the design of potent dual FABP4/5 inhibitors, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for 100 ns to disclose the ligand binding features in FABP4 and FABP5 using Amber14, respectively. Key residues were identified by analysis of close contact, hydrogen bond occupancy, binding free energy and alanine scanning mutagenesis. In addition, induced-fit effects have been observed upon ligand binding in the process of simulations. The shifted alkyl chain of ligand in FABP4 was significantly different from that in FABP5 due to the corresponding residues (Phe58FABP4 and Leu60FABP5). Thus, to avoid different steric effects made by these two residues, hydrophobic groups of suitable size should be taken into account. Besides, electrostatic and steric effects with Arg107FABP4 and Arg109FABP5 should be paid more attention to. The results will facilitate the rational design of dual FABP4/5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Lishuai Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Chaoxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
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12
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Wang X, Li W, Hao L, Xie H, Hao C, Liu C, Li W, Xiong X, Zhao D. The therapeutic potential of CETP inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:331-340. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1439476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honglei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenzhou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuqiong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Durantini AM, Heredia DA, Durantini JE, Durantini EN. BODIPYs to the rescue: Potential applications in photodynamic inactivation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:651-661. [PMID: 29289888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivatives have been proposed in several potential biomedical applications. BODIPYs absorb strongly in blue-green region with high fluorescence emission, properties that convert them in effective fluorophores in the field of biological labeling. However, BODIPY structures can be conveniently modified by heavy atoms substitution to obtain photosensitizers with applications in photodynamic therapy. Also, external heavy atoms effect can be used to increase the photodynamic activity of these compounds. In recent years, BODIPYs have been proposed as phototherapeutic agents for the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Therefore, BODIPY structures need to be optimized to produce an efficient photocytotoxic activity. In this way, amphiphilic cationic BODIPYs can selectively bind to microbial cells, inducing an effective photokilling of pathogenic microbial cells. This review summarizes the attributes of BODIPY derivatives for applications as antimicrobial photosensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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14
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Abu Khalaf R, Sabbah D, Al-Shalabi E, Bishtawi S, Albadawi G, Abu Sheikha G. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Study of Substituted Benzyl Benzamides as CETP Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 29112287 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause for mortality and morbidity in the developed world; its risk is inversely related to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing new cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors capable of raising HDL as a novel approach for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of ten benzyl benzamides 8a-j that aim at CETP inhibition was performed. The in vitro CETP inhibition bioassay revealed that benzamide 8j had the best activity, with a percent inhibition of 82.2% at 10 μM concentration and an IC50 value of 1.3 μM. The docking study shows that the verified compounds accommodate the binding cleft of CETP and are enclosed by a hydrophobic lining. Furthermore, the scaffold of 8a-j matches the pharmacophoric points of CETP inhibitors, particularly in its hydrophobic and aromatic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Abu Khalaf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima Sabbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eveen Al-Shalabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Bishtawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadeer Albadawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghassan Abu Sheikha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Chen D, Huang X, Zhou H, Luo H, Wang P, Chang Y, He X, Ni S, Shen Q, Cao G, Sun H, Wen X, Liu J. Discovery of pentacyclic triterpene 3β-ester derivatives as a new class of cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:201-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Figueiredo SA, Salvador JA, Cortés R, Cascante M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel C-29 carbamate celastrol derivatives as potent and selective cytotoxic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:836-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are of increasing concern, not only to patients but also to the health care profession and service providers. The preventative benefit of treatment of dyslipidaemia is unquestioned but there is a large, so far unmet need to improve clinical outcome. There are exciting new discoveries of targets that may translate into improved clinical outcome. Areas covered: This review highlights some new pathways in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism and examines new targets, new drugs and new molecules. The review includes the results of recent trials of relatively new drugs that have shown benefit in cardiovascular endpoint outcomes, drugs that have been licenced without endpoint trials yet available and new drugs that have not yet been licenced but have produced exciting results in animal studies and some in early phase 2 human studies. Expert opinion: The new areas that have been discovered as the cause of dyslipidaemia have opened up a host of new targets for new drugs including antisense RNA's, microRNA's and human monoclonal antibodies. The plethora of new targets and new drugs has made it an extraordinarily exciting time in the development of therapeutics to combat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald H Tomkin
- a Diabetes Institute of Ireland , Beacon Clinic and Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Daphne Owens
- a Diabetes Institute of Ireland , Beacon Clinic and Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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