1
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Chillal AS, Bhawale RT, Kshirsagar UA. Regioselective C(sp 2)-H halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines facilitated by hypervalent iodine(iii) under aqueous and ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13095-13099. [PMID: 38655480 PMCID: PMC11036372 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and mild approach has been developed for the regio-selective direct C3 halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines employing readily available potassium halide salts and a hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent at ambient temperature. The protocol is both practical and environmentally friendly, utilizing water as a green solvent, potassium halides as an inexpensive and bench stable halogen source and PIDA as a non-toxic reagent, enabling clean and efficient halogenation at room temperature. The procedure yields a range of C3 halogenated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of electrophilic substitution mechanism in the halogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay S Chillal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajesh T Bhawale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Umesh A Kshirsagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
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2
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Almehizia AA, Aboulthana WM, Naglah AM, Hassan AS. In vitro biological studies and computational prediction-based analyses of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8397-8408. [PMID: 38476172 PMCID: PMC10928850 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new pharmaceutical discoveries from bioactive nitrogenous derivatives due to the emergence of scourges, numerous pandemics, and diverse health problems. In this context, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 12a and 12b were synthesized and screened to evaluate their biological potentials in vitro as antioxidants, anti-diabetics, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritics, and anti-cancer agents. Additionally, the computational pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the two pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 12a and 12b were calculated and analyzed. The preliminary studies and results of this work represent the initial steps toward more advanced studies and define the bioactive chemical structure of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives with the goal of exploring new drugs to address numerous health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki 12662 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
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3
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Bareth D, Jain S, Kumawat J, Kishore D, Dwivedi J, Hashmi SZ. Synthetic and pharmacological developments in the hybrid s-triazine moiety: A review. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106971. [PMID: 38016395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the most recent advancements in the synthetic and pharmacological approaches along with the structure activity relationship towards the s-triazine and its derivatives. Much attention has been given to s-triazine core due to its facile synthesis, interesting pharmacology, high reactivity, and binding characteristics towards various enzymes. An array of biological applications has been demonstrated by s-triazines including antimalarial, anti-HIV, anti-viral, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis to name a few. In the present investigation s-triazine based molecular structures have been assembled in respect to their synthesis and medicinal properties. Further, the competence of s-triazine has been correlated and compared with the other heterocyclic moieties to substantiates-triazine a privileged scaffold. From the literature it is revealed that nucleophilic substitution at 2, 4, and 6 positions is significant for various biological applications. This article would help in assisting the chemists in designing novel molecular entities with high medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bareth
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Jyoti Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonia Zeba Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India.
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4
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Tyagi R, Mishra VK, Narayana C, Sagar R. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based triazole-linked glycohybrids: mechanistic insights and bio-applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:529. [PMID: 38177184 PMCID: PMC10766964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid molecules maintain their stronghold in the drug market, with over 60% of drug candidates in pharmaceutical industries. The substantial expenses for developing and producing biologically privileged drugs are expected to create opportunities for producing hybrid molecule-based drugs. Therefore, we have developed a simple and efficient copper-catalyzed approach for synthesizing a wide range of triazole-linked glycohybrids derived from pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Employing a microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed approach, we developed a concise route using various 7-O-propargylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 1-azidoglycosides. This strategy afforded a series of twenty-seven glycohybrids up to 98% yield with diverse stereochemistry. All were achieved within a remarkably shortened time frame. Our investigation extends to evaluating the anticancer potential of these synthesized triazole-linked pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine-based glycohybrids. In-vitro assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB453 cell lines reveal intriguing findings. (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate emerges as a standout with better anticancer activity against MDA-MB231 cells (IC50 = 29.1 µM), while (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate demonstrates the best inhibitory effects against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 15.3 µM) in all derived compounds. These results align with our docking analysis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations, further validating the in-vitro outcomes. This work not only underscores the synthetic utility of our devised protocol but also highlights the promising potential of these glycohybrids as candidates for further anticancer therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chintam Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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5
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Novikova D, Al Mustafa A, Grigoreva T, Vorona S, Selivanov S, Tribulovich V. NMR-Verified Dearomatization of 5,7-Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Molecules 2023; 28:6584. [PMID: 37764360 PMCID: PMC10535613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (THPP) is an attractive scaffold for designing biologically active compounds. The most obvious way to obtain such compounds is to reduce pyrazolopyrimidines with complex hydrides, because the pyrimidine ring is reduced in the preference over the pyrazole ring. The presence of substituents at positions five and seven of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines complicates the set of reaction products but makes it more attractive for medicinal chemistry because four possible stereoisomers can be formed during reduction. However, the formation of only syn-isomers has been described in the literature. This article is the first report on the formation of anti-configured isomers along with syn-isomers in the reduction of model 5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, which was confirmed by NMR. The bicyclic core in the syn-configuration was shown to be conformationally stable, which was used to estimate the long-range interproton distances using NOESY data. At the same time, long-range dipole-dipole interactions corresponding to a distance between protons of more than 6 Å were first registered and quantified. In turn, the bicyclic core in the trans-configuration represents a conformationally labile system. For these structures, an analysis of conformations observed in solutions was carried out. Our results indicate the significant potential of trans-configured tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines for the development of active small molecules. While possessing structural lability due to the low energy of the conformational transition, they have the ability to adjust to the active site of the desired target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Novikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia; (A.A.M.); (T.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Ammar Al Mustafa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia; (A.A.M.); (T.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Tatyana Grigoreva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia; (A.A.M.); (T.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Svetlana Vorona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia; (A.A.M.); (T.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Stanislav Selivanov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular NMR, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Tribulovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia; (A.A.M.); (T.G.); (S.V.)
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6
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Lv M, Gao Y, Cai Z, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li W. A theoretical study on the excited state behavior of a series of novel triazole pyrimidine group fluorophores: ESIPT or ICT. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122706. [PMID: 37054571 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoropurine analogues are a kind of unnatural bases, which are widely used in chemistry, biological science, pharmacy and other fields. At the same time, fluoropurine analogues of aza-heterocycles play an important role in medicinals research and development. In this work, the excited state behavior of a group of newly developed fluoropurine analogues of aza-heterocycles, triazole pyrimidinyl fluorophores, was comprehensively studied. The reaction energy profiles indicate that excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is difficult to happen, which is further proved by fluorescent spectra results. This work proposed a new and reasonable fluorescence mechanism based on the original experiment, and found that the large Stokes shift of the triazole pyrimidine fluorophore is due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of the excited state. Our new discovery is of great significance for the application of this group of fluorescent compounds in other fields and the regulation of fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Wenze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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7
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Břehová P, Řezníčková E, Škach K, Jorda R, Dejmek M, Vojáčková V, Šála M, Kovalová M, Dračínský M, Dolníková A, Strmeň T, Kinnertová M, Chalupský K, Dvořáková A, Gucký T, Mertlíková Kaiserová H, Klener P, Nencka R, Kryštof V. Inhibition of FLT3-ITD Kinase in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by New Imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine Derivatives Identified by Scaffold Hopping. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11133-11157. [PMID: 37535845 PMCID: PMC10461230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 kinase is a potential drug target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with FLT3 mutations typically have higher relapse rates and worse outcomes than patients without FLT3 mutations. In this study, we investigated the suitability of various heterocycles as central cores of FLT3 inhibitors, including thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine, and imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine. Our assays revealed a series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines with high potency against FLT3. Compound 34f showed nanomolar inhibitory activity against recombinant FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y (IC50 values 4 and 1 nM, respectively) as well as in the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell lines MV4-11, MOLM-13, and MOLM-13 expressing the FLT3-ITD-D835Y mutant (GI50 values of 7, 9, and 4 nM, respectively). In contrast, FLT3-independent cell lines were much less sensitive. In vitro experiments confirmed suppression of FLT3 downstream signaling pathways. Finally, the treatment of MV4-11 xenograft-bearing mice with 34f at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg markedly blocked tumor growth without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Břehová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Kryštof Škach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kovalová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dolníková
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kinnertová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková Kaiserová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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Sikdar P, Choudhuri T, Paul S, Das S, Bagdi AK. K 2S 2O 8-Promoted Consecutive Tandem Cyclization/Oxidative Halogenation: Access to 3-Halo-Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23851-23859. [PMID: 37426282 PMCID: PMC10323951 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot methodology has been developed to synthesize 3-halo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives through the three-component reaction of amino pyrazoles, enaminones (or chalcone), and sodium halides. The use of easily accessible 1,3-biselectrophilic reagents like enaminones and chalcone offers a straightforward approach for the synthesis of 3-halo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The reaction proceeded through a cyclocondensation reaction between amino pyrazoles with enaminones/chalcone in the presence of K2S2O8 followed by oxidative halogenations by NaX-K2S2O8. Mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, wide functional group tolerance, and scalability of the reaction are the attractive facet of this protocol. The combination of NaX-K2S2O8 is also beneficial for the direct oxidative halogenations of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in water.
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9
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Arias-Gómez A, Macías MA, Portilla J. Synthesis of structural analogues of Reversan by ester aminolysis: an access to pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines from chalcones. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16377-16386. [PMID: 37266500 PMCID: PMC10230348 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversan, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) inhibitor described more than a decade ago, is a commercial drug (CAS: 313397-13-6) that has a high price and is six to eight times more potent than known drug transporter inhibitors. However, to date, a complete route for synthesizing pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based Reversan is yet to be published. Herein, the silica gel-mediated synthesis of Reversan and a novel family of its structural analogues (amides) via the microwave-assisted amidation reaction of 3-carboethoxy-5,7-diphenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ester) with primary amines is reported. Moreover, a set of this ester-type precursor was obtained using the NaF/alumina-mediated reaction of 5-amino-3-carboethoxy-1H-pyrazole with chalcones, implying a final removal of H2 using Na2S2O8. Both esters and amides were obtained in high yields using heterogeneous catalyst and solvent-free, highly efficient, and scalable synthetic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Arias-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Mario A Macías
- Department of Chemistry, Crystallography and Chemistry of Materials, Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
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10
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Verma M, Trivedi L, Vasudev PG. Interaction Patterns of Pyrazolopyrimidines with Receptor Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2331-2344. [PMID: 37023262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have a prominent role in medicinal chemistry and drug design. They are not only useful as medicinally active compounds but also as a modular structural scaffold for drug design. Therefore, heterocycles are present in many ligands that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Pyazolopyrimidines are nitrogen heterocycles and are part of many biologically active compounds and marketed drugs. This study examines the non-covalent interactions between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and receptor proteins through data mining and analysis of high-resolution crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The Protein Data Bank contains 471 crystal structures with pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as ligands, among which 50% contains 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (Pyp1), while 38% contains pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines (Pyp2). 1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (Pyp3) are found in 11% of the structures, and no structural data is available for pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine isomers (Pyp4). Among receptor proteins, transferases are found in most examples (67.5%), followed by hydrolases (13.4%) and oxidoreductases (8.9%). Detailed analysis of structures to identify the most prevalent interactions of pyrazolopyrimidines with proteins shows that aromatic π···π interactions are present in ∼91% of the structures and hydrogen bonds/other polar contacts are present in ∼73% of the structures. The centroid-centroid distances (dcent) between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and aromatic side chains of the proteins have been retrieved from crystal structures recorded at a high resolution (data resolution <2.0 Å). The average value of dcent in pyrazolopyrimidine-protein complexes is 5.32 Å. The information on the geometric parameters of aromatic interactions between the core pyrazolopyrimidine ring and the protein would be helpful in future in silico modeling studies on pyrazolopyrimidine-receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
| | - Laxmikant Trivedi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
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11
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Li G, Wu JQ, Cai X, Guan W, Zeng Z, Ou Y, Wu X, Li J, Fang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yin C, Yao H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of diaryl heterocyclic derivatives targeting tubulin polymerization with potent anticancer activities. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115284. [PMID: 36940610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of diaryl heterocyclic analogues were designed and synthesized as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Among them, compound 6y showed the highest antiproliferative activity against HCT-116 colon cancer cell line with an IC50 values of 2.65 μM. Compound 6y also effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro (IC50 of 10.9 μM), and induced HCT-116 cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In addition, compound 6y exhibited high metabolic stability on human liver microsomes (T1/2 = 106.2 min). Finally, 6y was also effective in suppressing tumor growth in a HCT-116 mouse colon model without apparent toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that 6y represents a new class of tubulin inhibitors deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiaojia Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Wen Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Yanghui Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Xiangxiang Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Canqiang Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
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12
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Paul S, Das S, Choudhuri T, Sikdar P, Bagdi AK. Visible-Light-Induced Regioselective C-H Sulfenylation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines via Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4187-4198. [PMID: 36916032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced cross-dehydrogenative methodology has been developed for the regioselective sulfenylation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Rose bengal, blue LEDs, KI, K2S2O8, and DMSO are all essential for this photocatalytic transformation. The protocol is applicable for the synthesis of a library of 3-(aryl/heteroaryl thio)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives with broad functionalities. The selectivity and scalability of the methodology have been also demonstrated. Moreover, the efficiency of this strategy for sulfenylation of pyrazoles, indole, imidazoheterocycles, and 4-hydroxy coumarin has been proven. The mechanistic investigation revealed the radical-based mechanism and formation of diaryl disulfide as a key intermediate for this cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | | | - Papiya Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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13
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Vahedi MM, Asghari S, Tajbakhsh M, Mohseni M, Khalilpour A. One-pot three-component synthesis of novel pyrano[3,2-e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and investigation of their biological activities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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14
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Abdelmoniem AM, Ramadan MA, Ghozlan SAS, Butenschön H, Abdelhamid IA. New Azacycles by One-Pot Three-Component Hantzsch-Like Synthesis of Tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, Tetraazaindeno[5,4-b]fluorenes, and Oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphenes. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300009. [PMID: 36855319 PMCID: PMC9975464 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New Azacycles by One-Pot Three-Component Hantzsch-Like Synthesis of Tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, Tetraazaindeno[5,4-b]fluorenes, and Oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphenes (H. Butenschön, I. A. Abdelhamid et al.) #OpenAccess Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are envisaged as an entry point for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological activities. An efficient approach to annelated tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, tetraazaindeno[5,4-b]fluorenes, and oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphene was accomplished using a three-component reaction involving 7-amino-2-methyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one with aromatic aldehydes and the corresponding active 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (namely, dimedone, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-indanedione, and 4-hydroxycoumarine). The reactions were conducted in glacial acetic acid at reflux for 5 h to give the desired products in good yields (62-83 %). The chemical constitutions of all new products were confirmed spectroscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
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15
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Ayman R, Radwan AM, Elmetwally AM, Ammar YA, Ragab A. Discovery of novel pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-1 and COX-2) using molecular modeling simulation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200395. [PMID: 36336646 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Searching for effective and selective anti-inflammatory agents, our study involved designing and synthesizing new pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 4-11. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. Virtual screening was achieved for the newly designed derivatives using in silico docking simulation inside the active sites of four proteins classified as two cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 (PDB: 3KK6 and 4OIZ) and two COX-2 (PBD: 1CX2 and 3LN1). Among them, six derivatives 4c, 5b, 6a, 7a, 7b, and 10b displayed the highest binding energy. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities and their selectivity indexes were calculated. Additionally, these derivatives displayed IC50 values ranging between 4.909 ± 0.25 and 57.53 ± 2.91 µM, and 3.289 ± 0.14 and 124 ± 5.32 µM, against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Furthermore, the tested derivatives were found to have selective inhibitory activity on the COX-2 enzyme. Surprisingly, the two pyrazole derivatives 4c and 5b were found to be the most active, with IC50 values of 9.835 ± 0.50 and 4.909 ± 0.25 µM and 4.597 ± 0.20 and 3.289 ± 0.14 µM compared with meloxicam (1.879 ± 0.1 and 5.409 ± 0.23 µM) and celecoxib (5.439 ± 0.28 and 2.164 ± 0.09 µM) against COX-1/-2, respectively. Besides, two pyrazole derivatives, 4c and 5b, displayed a COX-1/COX-2 SI of 2.14 and 1.49. Computational techniques such as molecular docking, density function theory (DFT) calculation, and chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity evaluation were applied to explain the molecules' binding mode, chemical nature, drug likeness, and toxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Ayman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Antibiofilm and Anti-Quorum-Sensing Activities of Novel Pyrazole and Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase I and II Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Radiosterilization, and Molecular Docking Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010128. [PMID: 36671329 PMCID: PMC9854762 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, searching for new anti-infective agents with diverse mechanisms of action has become necessary. In this study, 16 pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their preliminary antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. All these derivatives were initially screened for their antibacterial activity against six clinically isolated multidrug resistance by agar well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The initial screening presented significant antibacterial activity with a bactericidal effect for five compounds, namely 3a, 5a, 6, 9a, and 10a, compared with Erythromycin and Amikacin. These five derivatives were further evaluated for their antibiofilm activity against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, which showed strong biofilm-forming activity at their MICs by >60%. The SEM analysis confirmed the biofilm disruption in the presence of these derivatives. Furthermore, anti-QS activity was observed for the five hybrids at their sub-MICs, as indicated by the visible halo zone. In addition, the presence of the most active derivatives reduces the violacein production by CV026, confirming that these compounds yielded anti-QS activity. Furthermore, these compounds showed strong inhibitory action against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA-I and hCA-II) isoforms with IC50 values ranging between 92.34 and 168.84 nM and between 73.2 and 161.22 nM, respectively. Finally, radiosterilization, ADMET, and a docking simulation were performed.
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17
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Sang T, Jia F, He J, Li C, Liu Y, Liu P. I 2-Catalyzed Cyclization of β-Ketonitrile with 1 H-Pyrazol-5-amine. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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18
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Synthesis, anticancer activity, and molecular docking of new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Mandour AA, Nassar IF, Abdel Aal MT, Shahin MAE, El-Sayed WA, Hegazy M, Yehia AM, Ismail A, Hagras M, Elkaeed EB, Refaat HM, Ismail NSM. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of new CDK2 inhibitors based on pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidine scaffold with apoptotic activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1957-1973. [PMID: 35815597 PMCID: PMC9278437 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2086866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition is considered a promising target for cancer treatment for its crucial role in cell cycle regulation. Pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives were well established for their antitumor activity via CDK2 inhibition. In this research, new series of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives (4-15) was designed and synthesised as novel CDK2 inhibitors. The anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 were used to evaluate their anticancer activity as novel CDK2 inhibitors. Most of the compounds showed superior cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HCT-116 compared to Sorafenib. Only compounds 8, 14, and 15 showed potent activity against HepG-2. The CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme inhibitory activity was tested for all synthesised compounds. Compound 15 showed the most significant inhibitory activity with IC50 0.061 ± 0.003 µM. It exerted remarkable alteration in Pre G1 and S phase cell cycle progression and caused apoptosis in HCT cells. In addition, the normal cell line cytotoxicity for compound 15 was assigned revealing low cytotoxic results in normal cells rather than cancer cells. Molecular docking was achieved on the designed compounds and confirmed the two essential hydrogen binding with Leu83 in CDK2 active site. In silico ADMET studies and drug-likeness showed proper pharmacokinetic properties which helped in structure requirements prediction for the observed antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Abdel Aal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A E Shahin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Wael A El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Refaat
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser S M Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Chi LL, Hao LL, Cai ZQ, Kong DL, Wang YN, Qin WT, Gao Y, Qu ZZ. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 1,3-Benzodiazine Derivatives as Potent Antitumor Agents. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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21
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Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA, Zaghary WA, Khedr MA, Elsherif GE. Medicinal Chemistry of Pyrazolopyrimidine Scaffolds Substituted with Different Heterocyclic Nuclei. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3374-3403. [PMID: 36330628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221102162000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal chemistry of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds substituted with different heterocyclic nuclei has attracted great attention due to their wide range of biological activities that have been reported. Pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold is an important privileged heterocycle nucleus in drug discovery. METHODS All pharmacological activities of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold have been mentioned, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antitubercular, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity agents. In addition, it was used in both osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The difference in potency and bioavailability of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives refers to the substituent groups that can increase the activity against specific targets and enhance their selectivity. RESULTS This review provides an overview of different synthetic pathways, structure activity relationships, and preclinical studies of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds substituted with a variety of heterocyclic nuclei, as well as it provides a discussion on the significant biological findings of these important scaffolds. In addition, it provides some insights on the different macromolecular targets that pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold can effectively work on, such as; cyclin dependent kinases; CDK2, CDK7, and CDK9, checkpoint kinases; CHK1 and CHK2 and their correlation with the anticancer activity, PI3Kα, transient receptor potential canonical 6, B-Raf kinase, Interleukin- 1 receptor-associated kinase 4, B-cell lymphoma 6, TRKA-C kinase, potent kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, colon cancer cell line (CaCo-2), domain receptor kinase (KDR), HepG-2 carcinoma cell, FLT3. The antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli and antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, A. niger, and A. clavatus are discussed. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the different pharmacological activities of the pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold and its correlation with chemical structure. Some exciting new developments in pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal H Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Gihad E Elsherif
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Saleh EAM, Kotian SY, Dawsari AMAL, Hassan I, Husain K, Abishad PC, Byrappa K, Sharabi RSSA, Rai KML. Synthesis, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Evaluation of New Class of Thiazoloquinazoline Linked by Carbonyl with Nitrile, Phenylacrylonitrile, Pyrazole, Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine as Five and Six-Membered Heterocycles Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022060206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Novel ferrocene-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrids: A facile environment-friendly regioselective synthesis, structure elucidation, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm activities. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Merugu SR, Cherukupalli S, Karpoormath R. An Overview on Synthetic and Medicinal Perspectives of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Scaffold. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200291. [PMID: 35946991 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
[1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is an important heterocyclic scaffold known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, CB2 cannabinoid agonists, feticide, and adenosine antagonists. Several clinical trials and marketed drugs such as Trapidil, Essramycin, Pyroxsulam, DSM-265, Flumetsulam, GNF-6702, and Cevipabulin indicate the potential of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety with various functional groups in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we represent a concise report focusing on the synthetic strategies used for diversely substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine analogs and their pharmacological applications. To the best of our knowledge, since 1980, we are the first to write a review on this emerging scaffold, which reveals the synthetic strategies, and pharmacological activities of differently substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine with special emphasis on structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Reddy Merugu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Gupta A, Das R, Chamoli A, Choithramani A, Kumar H, Patel S, Khude D, Bothra G, Wangdale K, Ghosh Chowdhury M, Rathod R, Mandoli A, Shard A. A Series of Ferrocene-Containing Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Induce a Strong Antiproliferative Effect against Oral Cancer Cells. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astha Gupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Ambika Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Asmita Choithramani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hansal Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Datta Khude
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Gourav Bothra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Khushal Wangdale
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rajeshwari Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Abdelgawad MA, Elkanzi NA, Musa A, Ghoneim MM, Ahmad W, Elmowafy M, Abdelhaleem Ali AM, Abdelazeem AH, Bukhari SN, El-Sherbiny M, Abourehab MA, Bakr RB. Optimization of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based compounds with pyridine scaffold: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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27
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Aranzazu SL, Tigreros A, Arias-Gómez A, Zapata-Rivera J, Portilla J. BF 3-Mediated Acetylation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines and Other π-Excedent ( N-Hetero)arenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9839-9850. [PMID: 35834668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An operably simple microwave-assisted BF3-mediated acetylation reaction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and a plausible mechanism based on density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations for this transformation are reported. Remarkably, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the direct acetylation for the functional pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) core. The synthesis of this essential building block is reported in high yields using mild reaction conditions, inexpensive reagents, and even substrates with electron-deficient or highly hindered groups. In addition, one of the new methyl ketones was successfully used as a substrate for producing novel and valuable bis-electrophilic compounds with yields of up to 90%. Notably, the discovered acetylation method was successfully applied in other π-excedent (N-hetero)aromatic substrates.
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Farghaly TA, Gaber Abdulwahab H, Medrasi HY, Al-sheikh MA, Katowah DF, Alsaedi AM. Novel 6,7,8-trihydrobenzo[6‘,7‘]cyclohepta[2‘,1‘-e]pyrazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives as Topo IIα inhibitors with potential cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Kumar Rout S, Kastrati A, Jangra H, Schwärzer K, Sunagatullina AS, Garny M, Lima F, Brocklehurst CE, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Knochel P. Reliable Functionalization of 5,6‐Fused Bicyclic N‐Heterocycles Pyrazolopyrimidines and Imidazopyridazines via Zinc and Magnesium Organometallics. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200733. [PMID: 35384103 PMCID: PMC9321601 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DFT‐calculations allow prediction of the reactivity of uncommon N‐heterocyclic scaffolds of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines and considerably facilitate their functionalization. The derivatization of these N‐heterocycles was realized using Grignard reagents for nucleophilic additions to 5‐chloropyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and TMP2Zn ⋅ 2 MgCl2
⋅ 2 LiCl allowed regioselective zincations. In the case of 6‐chloroimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine, bases such as TMP2Zn ⋅ MgCl2
⋅ 2 LiCl, in the presence or absence of BF3
⋅ OEt2, led to regioselective metalations at positions 3 or 8. Subsequent functionalizations were achieved with TMPMgCl ⋅ LiCl, producing various polysubstituted derivatives (up to penta‐substitution). X‐ray analysis confirmed the regioselectivity for key functional heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Rout
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Agonist Kastrati
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Kuno Schwärzer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Alisa S. Sunagatullina
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Maximilien Garny
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Fabio Lima
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 4057 Basel Switzerland
| | - Cara E. Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 4057 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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30
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Hong DF, Li MF, Chu TT. The crystal structure of diaqua-bis(pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylato-κ 2
N, O)manganese(II), C 14H 12N 6O 6Mn. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H12N6O6Mn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.0839(3) Å, b = 13.1211(4) Å, c = 8.9854(3) Å, β = 112.359(5)∘, V = 772.39(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0274, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0725, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Hong
- College of Food and Drug , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , Henan 471934 , P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fei Li
- College of Food and Drug , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , Henan 471934 , P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Chu
- College of Food and Drug , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , Henan 471934 , P. R. China
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31
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Semenova AM, Gadzhiakhmedova YR, Bespalov AV, Dotsenko VV, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. New Heterocyclisation Reactions of 5-Amino-3-(cyanomethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile with Some 1,3-Dielectrophilic Agents. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Feng LS, Su WQ, Cheng JB, Xiao T, Li HZ, Chen DA, Zhang ZL. Benzimidazole hybrids as anticancer drugs: An updated review on anticancer properties, structure-activity relationship, and mechanisms of action (2019-2021). Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200051. [PMID: 35385159 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, characterized by a deregulation of the cell cycle which mainly results in a progressive loss of cellular differentiation and uncontrolled cellular growth, remains a prominent cause of death across the world. Almost all currently available anticancer agents used in clinical practice have developed multidrug resistance, creating an urgent need to develop novel chemotherapeutics. Benzimidazole derivatives could exert anticancer properties through diverse mechanisms, inclusive of the disruption of microtubule polymerization, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle (G2/M) arrest, antiangiogenesis, and blockage of glucose transport. Moreover, several benzimidazole-based agents have already been approved for the treatment of cancers. Hence, benzimidazole derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. In particular, benzimidazole hybrids could exert dual or multiple antiproliferative activities and had the potential to overcome drug resistance, demonstrating the potential of benzimidazole hybrids as potential prototypes for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of cancers. The purpose of the present review article is to provide a comprehensive landscape of benzimidazole hybrids as potential anticancer agents, and the structure-activity relationship as well as mechanisms of action are also discussed to facilitate the further rational design of more effective candidates, covering articles published from 2019 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Shun Feng
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Su
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bo Cheng
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ze Li
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-An Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liu Zhang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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33
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Khirsariya P, Pospíŝil P, Maier L, Boudný M, Babáŝ M, Kroutil OE, Mráz M, Vácha R, Paruch K. Synthesis and Profiling of Highly Selective Inhibitors of Methyltransferase DOT1L Based on Carbocyclic C-Nucleosides. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5701-5723. [PMID: 35302777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferase DOT1L is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and profiling of new DOT1L inhibitors based on nonroutine carbocyclic C-nucleoside scaffolds. The experimentally observed SAR was found to be nontrivial as seemingly minor changes of individual substituents resulted in significant changes in the affinity to DOT1L. Molecular modeling suggested that these trends could be related to significant conformational changes of the protein upon interaction with the inhibitors. The compounds 22 and (-)-53 (MU1656), carbocyclic C-nucleoside analogues of the natural nucleoside derivative EPZ004777, and the clinical candidate EPZ5676 (pinometostat) potently and selectively inhibit DOT1L in vitro as well as in the cell. The most potent compound MU1656 was found to be more metabolically stable and significantly less toxic in vivo than pinometostat itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Khirsariya
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Pospíŝil
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáŝ Maier
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Boudný
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Babáŝ
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondr Ej Kroutil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mráz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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34
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Stefanello FS, Kappenberg YG, Araújo JN, Franceschini SZ, Martins MA, Zanatta N, Iglesias BA, Bonacorso HG. Trifluoromethyl-substituted aryldiazenyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-amines: Regioselective synthesis, structure, and optical properties. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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Li W, Zhang J, Wang M, Dong R, Zhou X, Zheng X, Sun L. Pyrimidine-fused Dinitrogenous Penta-heterocycles as a Privileged Scaffold for Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:284-304. [PMID: 35021973 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220111143949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidine-fused derivatives that are the inextricable part of DNA and RNA play a key role in the normal life cycle of cells. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles including pyrazolopyrimidines and imidazopyrimidines is a special class of pyrimidine-fused compounds contributing to an important portion in anti-cancer drug discovery, which have been discovered as core structure for promising anti-cancer agents used in clinic or clinical evaluations. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles have become one privileged scaffold for anti-cancer drug discovery. This review consists of the recent progress of pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles as anti-cancer agents and their synthetic strategies. In addition, this review also summarizes some key structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycle derivatives as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ru Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Liping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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36
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Nassar IF, Abdel Aal MT, El-Sayed WA, A. E Shahin M, Elsakka EGE, Mokhtar MM, Hegazy M, Hagras M, Mandour AA, Ismail NSM. Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidine derivatives as novel CDK2 inhibitors: synthesis, biological and molecular modeling investigations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14865-14882. [PMID: 35702208 PMCID: PMC9112407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01968j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK2 inhibition is an appealing target for cancer treatment that targets tumor cells in a selective manner. A new set of small molecules featuring the privileged pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffolds (4–13) as well as the thioglycoside derivatives (14, 15) were designed, and synthesized as novel CDK2 targeting compounds. The growth of the three examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by most of the prepared compounds. Results revealed that most of the compounds showed superior cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HCT-116 with IC50 range (45–97 nM) and (6–99 nM), respectively, and moderate activity against HepG-2 with IC50 range of (48–90 nM) compared to sorafenib (IC50: 144, 176 and 19 nM, respectively). Of these compounds, 14 & 15 showed the best cytotoxic activities against the three cell lines with IC50 values of 45, 6, and 48 nM and 46, 7, and 48 nM against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG-2, respectively. Enzymatic inhibitory activity against CDK2/cyclin A2 was achieved for the most potent anti-proliferative compounds. Compounds 14, 13 and 15 revealed the most significant inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.057 ± 0.003, 0.081 ± 0.004 and 0.119 ± 0.007 μM, respectively compared to sorafenib (0.184 ± 0.01 μM). Compound 14 displayed potent dual activity against the examined cell lines and CDK2, and was thus selected for further investigations. It exerted a significance alteration in cell cycle progression, in addition to apoptosis induction within HCT cells. Molecular docking simulation of the designed compounds confirmed the good fit into the CDK2 active site through the essential hydrogen bonding with Leu83. In silico ADMET studies and drug-likeness studies using a Boiled Egg chart showed suitable pharmacokinetic properties which helped in structure requirement prediction for the observed antitumor activity. A new set of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffolds (4–13) as well as the thioglycoside derivatives (14, 15) were designed, and synthesized as novel CDK2 targeting compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F. Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University (ASU), 365 Ramsis Street, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wael A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E Shahin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G. E. Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. M. Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo 11835, Egypt
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37
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Gao Q, Sun Z, Wu M, Guo Y, Han X, Yan J, Ha MN, Le QM, Xu Y. Di- tert-butyl peroxide as an effective two-carbon unit in oxidative radical cyclization toward 7-methylazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An unexpected oxidative radical cyclization with DTBP as the C2 cyclic unit enables the assembly of privileged 7-methylazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Jufen Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Minh Ngoc Ha
- VNU Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Green Growth, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Mai Le
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yongtao Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
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38
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Nguyen TVQ, Poli L, Garrison AT. Palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling of pyrazolo[1,5- a]azines with five-membered heteroarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:827-830. [PMID: 34931645 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06337e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and AgOAc as the oxidant enabled the direct regioselective oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines or pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with various five-membered heteroarenes without the need of pre-activation and/or directing groups. Successful coupling partners include thiophenes, benzothiophenes, thiazoles, furans, oxazoles, indoles and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh V Q Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Poli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden. .,University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Aaron T Garrison
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden.
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39
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N JB, Goudgaon N. A comprehensive review on pyrimidine analogs-versatile scaffold with medicinal and biological potential. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Johansson NG, Dreano L, Vidilaseris K, Khattab A, Liu J, Lasbleiz A, Ribeiro O, Kiriazis A, Boije af Gennäs G, Meri S, Goldman A, Yli‐Kauhaluoma J, Xhaard H. Exploration of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as Membrane-Bound Pyrophosphatase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3360-3367. [PMID: 34459148 PMCID: PMC8597055 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of membrane-bound pyrophosphatase (mPPase) with small molecules offer a new approach in the fight against pathogenic protozoan parasites. mPPases are absent in humans, but essential for many protists as they couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis to the active transport of protons or sodium ions across acidocalcisomal membranes. So far, only few nonphosphorus inhibitors have been reported. Here, we explore the chemical space around previous hits using a combination of screening and synthetic medicinal chemistry, identifying compounds with low micromolar inhibitory activities in the Thermotoga maritima mPPase test system. We furthermore provide early structure-activity relationships around a new scaffold having a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core. The most promising pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine congener was further investigated and found to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum mPPase in membranes as well as the growth of P. falciparum in an ex vivo survival assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas G. Johansson
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Loïc Dreano
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Keni Vidilaseris
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ayman Khattab
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Arthur Lasbleiz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Alexandros Kiriazis
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Gustav Boije af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of Leeds, Clarendon WayLeeds LS2 9JTUK
| | - Jari Yli‐Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
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41
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Almehmadi SJ, Alsaedi AMR, Harras MF, Farghaly TA. Synthesis of a new series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as CDK2 inhibitors and anti-leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105431. [PMID: 34688130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structural study of previously known CDK2 inhibitors, a new series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives was designed and synthesized. The target compounds were biologically assessed as potent CDK2 inhibitors and promising anti-leukemia hits. The 7-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3-(3-chloro/2-chloro-phenylazo)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-ylamines 5 h and 5i revealed the best CDK2 inhibitory activity with comparable potency (IC50 = 22 and 24 nM, respectively) to that of dinaciclib (IC50 = 18 nM). Additionally, both analogues showed potent activities against CDK1, CDK5 and CDK9 at nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 28-80 nM). The anti-leukemia screening of the target compounds showed strong to moderate cytotoxicity against the used leukemia cell lines (MOLT-4 and HL-60). Compound 5 h inhibited MOLT-4 and HL-60 by 1.4 and 2.3 folds (IC50 = 0.93 and 0.80 µM), respectively, compared to dinaciclib (IC50 = 1.30 and 1.84 µM). Furthermore, compound 5i was comparable to dinaciclib against MOLT-4 and exhibited twice its activity against HL-60. Besides, the cytotoxicity of the promising analogues on normal human blood cells indicated the safety of 5h and 5i as compared to the reference dinaciclib. The pharmacokinetic properties of 5h and 5i were predicted using ADME calculations revealing good oral bioavailability and high GI absorption. The molecular docking simulations indicated, as expected, that the dinaciclib analogues can well-accommodate the CDK2 binding site, forming a variety of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar J Almehmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M R Alsaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa F Harras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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42
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Ren J, Ding S, Li X, Bi R, Zhao Q. An Approach for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines via Cu(II)-Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Saturated Ketones with Aminopyrazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12762-12771. [PMID: 34464147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step synthesis of diversely substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines from saturated ketones and 3-aminopyrazoles is presented. This transformation involves the in situ formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones via a radical process, followed by [3+3] annulation with 3-aminopyrazoles in one pot. Mechanistic studies have shown that the dual C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of inactive ketones is required for the formation of the title compounds. Notably, this dehydrogenative coupling process provides access to a host of functionalized pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with antitumor potential from commercially available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinshi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Lyalin BV, Sigacheva VL, Kudinova AS, Neverov SV, Kokorekin VA, Petrosyan VA. Electrooxidation Is a Promising Approach to Functionalization of Pyrazole-Type Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:4749. [PMID: 34443338 PMCID: PMC8400477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes for the first time the poorly studied electrooxidative functionalization of pyrazole derivatives leading to the C-Cl, C-Br, C-I, C-S and N-N coupling products with applied properties. The introduction discusses some aspects of aromatic hydrogen substitution. Further, we mainly consider our works on effective synthesis of the corresponding halogeno, thiocyanato and azo compounds using cheap, affordable and environmentally promising electric currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V. Lyalin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vera L. Sigacheva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Anastasia S. Kudinova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Neverov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir A. Kokorekin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute Str. 5, 143050 Bol’shiye Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Petrosyan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
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Liu R, Zhang S, Huang M, Guo Z, Li L, Li M, Wu L, Guan Q, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of 2,7-diaryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105220. [PMID: 34352709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 2,7-diaryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors were designed to restrict bioactive configuration of (E,Z)-vinylogous CA-4. All of the target compounds were synthesized and then evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SGC-7901 and A549). Among them, 6d exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 with IC50 value of 0.047 μM. Moreover, 6d significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization, disrupted microtubule networks, arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase, induced apoptosis and hindered cancer cell migration. Colchicine competition assay and molecular docking studies suggested that 6d could interact with tubulin by binding to the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Qi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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45
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Chopra PKPG, Lambat TL, Mahmood SH, Chaudhary RG, Banerjee S. Sulfamic Acid as Versatile Green Catalyst Used For Synthetic Organic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Update. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trimurti L. Lambat
- Department of Chemistry Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts Commerce & Science Deori- Gondia 441901 Maharashtra India
| | - Sami H. Mahmood
- Department of Physics The University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan & Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Ratiram G. Chaudhary
- P.G. Department of Chemistry S. K. Porwal College Kamptee 441001 Maharashtra India
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 Chhattisgarh India
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46
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Hassan AS, Morsy NM, Awad HM, Ragab A. Synthesis, molecular docking, and in silico ADME prediction of some fused pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Kumar H, Das R, Choithramani A, Gupta A, Khude D, Bothra G, Shard A. Efficient Green Protocols for the Preparation of Pyrazolopyrimidines. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansal Kumar
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Asmita Choithramani
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Astha Gupta
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Datta Khude
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Gourav Bothra
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Amit Shard
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad Opposite Air force Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
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48
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Lv L, Li Z. Regioselective Synthesis of Emission Color‐Tunable Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines with β,β‐Difluoro Peroxides as 1,3‐Bis‐Electrophiles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjin Chen
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
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49
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Arias-Gómez A, Godoy A, Portilla J. Functional Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines: Current Approaches in Synthetic Transformations and Uses As an Antitumor Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:2708. [PMID: 34063043 PMCID: PMC8125733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) derivatives are an enormous family of N-heterocyclic compounds that possess a high impact in medicinal chemistry and have attracted a great deal of attention in material science recently due to their significant photophysical properties. Consequently, various researchers have developed different synthesis pathways for the preparation and post-functionalization of this functional scaffold. These transformations improve the structural diversity and allow a synergic effect between new synthetic routes and the possible applications of these compounds. This contribution focuses on an overview of the current advances (2015-2021) in the synthesis and functionalization of diverse pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Moreover, the discussion highlights their anticancer potential and enzymatic inhibitory activity, which hopefully could lead to new rational and efficient designs of drugs bearing the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.A.-G.); (A.G.)
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50
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Bansal Y, Minhas R, Singhal A, Arora RK, Bansal G. Benzimidazole: A Multifacted Nucelus for Anticancer Agents. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210208141107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of cells, dedifferentiation,
invasiveness and metastasis. Endothelial growth factor (eGF), insulin-like growth factor
(IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), checkpoint kinase 1 & 2 ( Chk1 & Chk2), aurora kinases,
topoisomerases, histone deacetylators (HDAC), poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase (PARP), farnesyl
transferases, RAS-MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, are some of the
prominent mediators implicated in the proliferation of tumor cells. Huge artillery of natural
and synthetic compounds as anticancer, which act by inhibiting one or more of the enzymes
and/or pathways responsible for the progression of tumor cells, is reported in the literature.
The major limitations of anticancer agents used in clinics as well as of those under development
in literature are normal cell toxicity and other side effects due to lack of specificity.
Hence, medicinal chemists across the globe have been working for decades to develop potent and safe anticancer
agents from natural sources as well as from different classes of heterocycles. Benzimidazole is one of the most important
and explored heteronucelus because of their versatility in biological actions as well as synthetic applications
in medicinal chemistry. The structural similarity of amino derivatives of benzimidazole with purines makes it a fascinating
nucleus for the development of anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-HIV agents. This review article is an attempt
to critically analyze various reports on benzimidazole derivatives acting on different targets to act as anticancer so as
to understand the structural requirements around benzimidazole nucleus for each target and enable medicinal chemists
to promote rational development of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Ankit Singhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Radhey Krishan Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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