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Soliman AM, Ghorab WM, Ghorab MM, ElKenawy NM, El-Sabbagh WA, Ramadan LA. Novel quinazoline sulfonamide-based scaffolds modulate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia in immunodeficient irradiated model: Regulatory role of TGF-β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107559. [PMID: 38905889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A library of new quinazoline pharmacophores bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety was designed and synthesized. Compounds 3a-n were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against eight multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Compounds 3d and 3n exhibited prominent antibacterial activity, specifically against MRSA. After exhibiting relative in vitro and in vivo safety, compound 3n was selected to assess its anti-inflammatory activity displaying promising COX-2 inhibitory activity compared to Ibuprofen. In vivo experimental MRSA pneumonia model was conducted on immunodeficient (irradiated) mice to reveal the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory responses of compound 3n compared to azithromycin (AZ). Treatment with compound 3n (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as AZ resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial counts in lung tissues, suppression of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), lung interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Compound 3n showed a non-significant deviation of lung TGF-β1 from normal values which in turn controlled the lung inflammatory status and impacted the histopathological results. Molecular docking of 3n showed promising interactions inside the active sites of TGF-β and COX-2. Our findings present a new dual-target quinazoline benzenesulfonamide derivative 3n, which possesses significant potential for treating MRSA-induced pneumonia in an immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiten M Soliman
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walid M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Nora M ElKenawy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Sabbagh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Laila A Ramadan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
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2
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Tom AA, Rajendran V, Thottasseri AA, Goswami K, Roy S, Gopan G, Mani M, Kannan T. Antiplasmodial action of 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide chalcones: Design, synthesis, characterisation, in vitro and in silico evaluation against blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22233. [PMID: 39030842 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is an intracellular protozoan parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species with significant morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. The complex lifecycle of the parasite and the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum have hampered the efficacy of current anti-malarial agents. To circumvent this situation, the present study attempts to demonstrate the blood-stage anti-plasmodial action of 26 hybrid compounds containing the three privileged bioactive scaffolds (sulfonamide, chalcone, and nitro group) with synergistic and multitarget action. These three parent scaffolds exhibit divergent activities, such as antibacterial, anti-malarial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. All the synthesised compounds were characterised using various spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro blood-stage inhibitory activity of 26 hybrid compounds was evaluated against mixed-stage culture (asynchronize) of human malarial parasite P. falciparum, Pf 3D7 at different concentrations ranging from 25.0 µg/mL to 0.78 µg/mL using SYBR 1 green assay, with IC50 values determined after 48 h of treatment based on the drug-response curves. Two potent compounds (11 and 10), with 2-Br and 2,6-diCl substitutions, showed pronounced activity with IC50 values of 5.4 µg/mL and 5.6 µg/mL, whereas others displayed varied activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.0 µg/mL to 22.0 µg/mL. Both 11 and 10 showed greater susceptibility towards mature-stage trophozoites than ring-stage parasites. The hemolytic and in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that compounds 11 and 10 did not cause any toxic effects on host red blood cells (uninfected), human-derived Mo7e cells, and murine-derived BA/F3 cells. The in vitro observations are consistent with the in silico studies using P. falciparum-dihydrofolate reductase, where 11 and 10 showed a binding affinity of -10.4 Kcal/mol. This is the first report of the hybrid scaffold, 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide chalcones, demonstrating its potential as an anti-plasmodial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Agnes Tom
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Koustav Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Gopika Gopan
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Maheswaran Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Mhetre UV, Haval NB, Bondle GM, Rathod SS, Choudhari PB, Kumari J, Sriram D, Haval KP. Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of novel triazole-quinazolinone hybrids as antimalarial and antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 108:129800. [PMID: 38763480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In a quest to discover new antimalarial and antitubercular drugs, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel triazole-quinazolinone hybrids. The in vitro screening of the triazole-quinazolinone hybrid entities against the plasmodium species P. falciparum offered potent antimalarial molecules 6c, 6d, 6f, 6g, 6j & 6k owing comparable activity to the reference drugs. Furthermore, the target compounds were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv strain. Among the screened compounds, 6c, 6d and 6l were found to be the most active molecules with a MIC values of 19.57-40.68 μM. The cytotoxicity of the most active compounds was studied against RAW 264.7 cell line by MTT assay and no toxicity was observed. The computational study including drug likeness and ADMET profiling, DFT, and molecular docking study was done to explore the features of target molecules. The compounds 6a, 6g, and 6k exhibited highest binding affinity of -10.3 kcal/mol with docked molecular targets from M. tuberculosis. Molecular docking study indicates that all the molecules are binding to the falcipain 2 protease (PDB: 6SSZ) of the P. falciparum. Our findings indicated that these new triazole-quinazolinone hybrids may be considered hit molecules for further optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhav V Mhetre
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413501, MS, India
| | - Nitin B Haval
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, MS, India
| | - Giribala M Bondle
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, MS, India
| | - Sanket S Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur 416013, MS, India
| | - Prafulla B Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur 416013, MS, India
| | - Jyothi Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, R. R. District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, R. R. District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Kishan P Haval
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413501, MS, India.
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Gattu R, Ramesh SS, Nadigar S, D CG, Ramesh S. Conjugation as a Tool in Therapeutics: Role of Amino Acids/Peptides-Bioactive (Including Heterocycles) Hybrid Molecules in Treating Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030532. [PMID: 36978399 PMCID: PMC10044335 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs are gaining significant momentum in the modern drug discovery, which is witnessed by the approval of new drugs by the FDA in recent years. On the other hand, small molecules-based drugs are an integral part of drug development since the past several decades. Peptide-containing drugs are placed between small molecules and the biologics. Both the peptides as well as the small molecules (mainly heterocycles) pose several drawbacks as therapeutics despite their success in curing many diseases. This gap may be bridged by utilising the so called 'conjugation chemistry', in which both the partners are linked to one another through a stable chemical bond, and the resulting conjugates are found to possess attracting benefits, thus eliminating the stigma associated with the individual partners. Over the past decades, the field of molecular hybridisation has emerged to afford us new and efficient molecular architectures that have shown high promise in medicinal chemistry. Taking advantage of this and also considering our experience in this field, we present herein a review concerning the molecules obtained by the conjugation of peptides (amino acids) to small molecules (heterocycles as well as bioactive compounds). More than 125 examples of the conjugates citing nearly 100 references published during the period 2000 to 2022 having therapeutic applications in curing infectious diseases have been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddaram Nadigar
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Channe Gowda D
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570005, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
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Seifu GW, Birhan YS, Beshay BY, Hymete A, Bekhit AA. Synthesis, antimalarial, antileishmanial evaluation, and molecular docking study of some 3-aryl-2-styryl substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives. BMC Chem 2022; 16:107. [PMID: 36461074 PMCID: PMC9716151 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinones are a diverse group of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with promising antimalarial and antileishmanial activities. Herein, some 3-aryl-2-styryl substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones were synthesized via cyclization, condensation, and hydrolysis reactions. 1H NMR, FTIR and elemental microanalysis was used to verify the structures of the synthesized compounds. The in vivo antimalarial and in vitro antileishmanial activities of the target compounds were investigated using mice infected with Plasmodium berghi ANKA and Leishmania donovani strain, respectively. Among the test compounds, 8 and 10 showed better antimalarial activities with percent suppression of 70.01 and 74.18, respectively. In addition, (E)-2-(4-nitrostyryl)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (6) showed promising antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 0.0212 µg/mL). It is two and 150 times more active than the standard drugs amphotericin B deoxycholate (IC50 = 0.0460 µg/mL) and miltefosine (IC 50 = 3.1911 µg/mL), respectively. Its superior in vitro antileishmanial activity was supported by a molecular docking study conducted in the active site of Lm-PTR1. Overall, the synthesized 3-aryl-2-styryl substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones showed promising antileishmanial and antimalarial activities and are desirable scaffolds for the synthesis of different antileishmanial and antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Worku Seifu
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Botros Youssef Beshay
- grid.442567.60000 0000 9015 5153Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, 21913 Egypt
| | - Ariaya Hymete
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adnan Ahmed Bekhit
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21215 Egypt ,grid.413060.00000 0000 9957 3191Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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6
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Bhagat K, Kumar N, Kaur Gulati H, Sharma A, Kaur A, Singh JV, Singh H, Bedi PMS. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: patent landscape and phases of clinical development (2001-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1079-1095. [PMID: 36189616 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2130752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of amino acid and folic acid. It participates by reducing dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, in the presence of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate cofactor, and has been verified by various clinical studies to use DHFR as a target for the treatment of cancer and various bacterial infections. AREA COVERED In this review, we have disclosed patents of synthetics and natural DHFR inhibitors with diaminopyrimidine and quinazoline nucleus from 2001. Additionally, this review highlights the clinical progression of numerous DHFR inhibitors received from the last five years. EXPERT OPINION From 2001 to 2021, numerous active chemical scaffolds have been introduced and are exposed as lead candidates that have entered clinical trials as potent DHFR inhibitors. Moreover, researchers have paid considerable attention to the development of a new class of DHFR inhibitors with higher selectivity and potency. This development includes synthesis of synthetic as well as natural compounds that are potent DHFR inhibitors. On the basis of literature review, we can anticipate that there are a huge number of novel active molecules available for the future that could possess superior abilities to target this enzyme with a profound pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Aanchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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7
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Ahmed U, Ho KY, Simon SE, Saad SM, Ong SK, Anwar A, Tan KO, Sridewi N, Khan KM, Khan NA, Anwar A. Potential anti-acanthamoebic effects through inhibition of CYP51 by novel quinazolinones. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106440. [PMID: 35378058 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. are free living amoebae which can give rise to Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. The surface of Acanthamoeba contains ergosterol which is an important target for drug development against eukaryotic microorganisms. A library of ten functionally diverse quinazolinone derivatives (Q1-Q10) were synthesised to assess their activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii T4. The in-vitro effectiveness of these quinazolinones were investigated against Acanthamoeba castellanii by amoebicidal, excystation, host cell cytopathogenicity, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase assays. Furthermore, wound healing capability was assessed at different time durations. Maximum inhibition at 50 μg/mL was recorded for compounds Q5, Q6 and Q8, while the compound Q3 did not exhibit amoebicidal effects at tested concentrations. Moreover, LDH assay was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of quinazolinones against HaCaT cell line. The results of wound healing assay revealed that all compounds are not cytotoxic and are likely to promote wound healing at 10 μg/mL. The excystation assays revealed that these compounds significantly inhibit the morphological transformation of A. castellanii. Compound Q3, Q7 and Q8 elevated the level of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase up to five folds. Sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) a reference enzyme in ergosterol pathway was used as a potential target for anti-amoebic drugs. In this study using i-Tasser, the protein structure of Acanthamoeba castellanii (AcCYP51) was developed in comparison with Naegleria fowleri protein (NfCYP51) structure. The sequence alignment of both proteins has shown 42.72% identity. Compounds Q1-Q10 were then molecularly docked with the predicted AcCYP51. Out of ten quinazolinones, three compounds (Q3, Q7 and Q8) showed good binding activity within 3 Å of TYR 114. The in-silico study confirmed that these compounds are the inhibitor of CYP51 target site. This report presents several potential lead compounds belonging to quinazolinone derivatives for drug discovery against Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keat-Yie Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Areeba Anwar
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Sridewi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, University City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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8
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Chawla P, Teli G, Gill RK, Narang RK. An Insight into Synthetic Strategies and Recent Developments of Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
- Pooja Chawla Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga 142001 Punjab India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga Punjab India
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9
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Zheng L, Xie Z, Cai L, Liu G, Mei W, Zou X, Zhuo X, Fan X, Guo W. Green Catalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Three‐Component Deamination Cyclization Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐4‐ oxo‐2‐quinazolinonyl Sulfides. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
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10
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Dilebo KB, Gumede NJ, Nxumalo W, Matsebatlela TM, Mangokoana D, Moraone NR, Omondi B, Mampa RM. Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic, anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and molecular docking studies of 4-pyridylamino- and 4-(ethynylpyridine)quinazolines. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Faisal M, Saeed A. Chemical Insights Into the Synthetic Chemistry of Quinazolines: Recent Advances. Front Chem 2021; 8:594717. [PMID: 33585397 PMCID: PMC7873916 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.594717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In medicinal chemistry, one of the most significant heterocyclic compounds are quinazolines, possessing broad range of biological properties such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic potencies. Owing to its numerous potential applications, in the past two decades, there is an increase in the importance of designing novel quinazolines, exploring promising routes to synthesize quinazolines, investigating different properties of quinazolines, and seeking for potential applications of quinazolines. The present review article describes synthesis of quinazolines via eco-friendly, mild, atom-efficient, multi-component synthetic strategies reported in the literature. The discussion is divided into different parts as per the key methods involved in the formation of quinazoline skeletons, aiming to provide readers an effective methodology to a better understanding. Consideration has been taken to cover the most recent references. Expectedly, the review will be advantageous in future research for synthesizing quinazolines and developing more promising synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Kumar Pandey S, Yadava U, Upadhyay A, Sharma ML. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel quinazolinones as antitubercular and antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104611. [PMID: 33484939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of novel quinazolinone hybrids, viz. triazepino-quinazolinones 4, thiazolo-triazolo-quinazolinones 7 and triazolo-quinazolinones 8 have been synthesized from the key intermediate 3-(substituted phenyl)-2-hydrazinoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones 3. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by means of spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analysis. The target compounds were biologically screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and antitubercular activities against pathogenic strain. The results of bioassay demonstrated that some of the compounds exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activity comparable to that of standard drugs tested under similar conditions. Compounds 4c, 4e, 7e and 8b showed relatively very good inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.6 μg/mL, 5.2 μg/mL, while the rest of the compounds showed moderate activity. Compounds 4c and 8b were found to be nearly equipotent with ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa with MIC 5.2 μg/mL, while compound 8b was more potent against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus. It is very remarkable that four compounds, 4c, 4e, 7e and 8b showed pronounced antifungal activity against selected pathogenic fungi, A. niger, C. albicans with MIC 2.6 μg/mL and 5.2 μg/mL. The antitubercular activity of synthesized compounds reveal that compound 8b showed better activity than the other compounds with a MIC of 5.2 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv). Molecular docking studies of the compounds were performed to rationalize the inhibitory properties of these compounds and results showed that these compounds have good binding energy and better binding affinity within the active pocket, thus these compounds may be considered as potent inhibitors towards selective targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, UP, India.
| | - Umesh Yadava
- Department of Physics, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, UP, India
| | - Anjali Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, UP, India
| | - M L Sharma
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur- 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
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13
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Küçükbay H, Buğday N, Küçükbay FZ, Ageli A, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT. Synthesis and human carbonic anhydrase I, II, VA, and XII inhibition with novel amino acid-sulphonamide conjugates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:489-497. [PMID: 31914827 PMCID: PMC6968503 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1710503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of amino acid-sulphonamide conjugates was prepared through benzotriazole mediated coupling reactions and characterised by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and FTIR spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of the new compounds was determined against four human (h) isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA VA, and hCA XII. Most of the synthesised compounds showed effective in vitro CA inhibitory properties. The new amino acid-sulphonamide conjugates showed potent inhibitory activity against hCA II, some of them at subnanomolar levels, exhibiting more effective inhibitory activity compared to the standard drug acetazolamide. Some of these sulphonamides were also found to be effective inhibitors of hCA I, hCA VA, and hCA XII, with activity from the low to high nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Buğday
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F. Zehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Andrea Ageli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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14
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Chugh A, Kumar A, Verma A, Kumar S, Kumar P. A review of antimalarial activity of two or three nitrogen atoms containing heterocyclic compounds. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Alsantali RI, Hussein EM, Obaid RJ, Morad M, Altass HM, Alharbi A, Hameed AM, Jassas R, Abourehab MA, Asghar BH, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Bioactive Fluorenes. Part II. Unprecedented biologically active thiazole derivatives based-2,7-dichlorofluorene as competent DHFR inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and molecular docking approaches. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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16
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Auti PS, George G, Paul AT. Recent advances in the pharmacological diversification of quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrids. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41353-41392. [PMID: 35516563 PMCID: PMC9057921 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the pharmacological activities of quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds, it has aroused great interest in medicinal chemists for the development of new drugs or drug candidates. The pharmacological activities of quinazoline and its related scaffolds include anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, and antihyperlipidaemia. Recently, molecular hybridization technology is used for the development of hybrid analogues with improved potency by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. The molecular hybridization of various biologically active pharmacophores with quinazoline derivatives resulted in lead compounds with multi-faceted biological activity wherein specific as well as multiple targets were involved. The present review summarizes the advances in lead compounds of quinazoline hybrids and their related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, the review also helps to intensify the drug development process by providing an understanding of the potential role of these hybridized pharmacophoric features in exhibiting various pharmacological activities. Recent advances in quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrid heterocycles in medicinal chemistry and their pharmacological diversification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S. Auti
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)
- Pilani Campus
- India
| | - Ginson George
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)
- Pilani Campus
- India
| | - Atish T. Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)
- Pilani Campus
- India
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17
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Marella A, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM. Malaria Hybrids: A Chronological Evolution. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1144-1177. [PMID: 30887923 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190315100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, an upsetting malaise caused by a diverse class of Plasmodium species affects about 40% of the world's population. The distress associated with it has reached colossal scales owing to the development of resistance to most of the clinically available agents. Hence, the search for newer molecules for malaria treatment and cure is an incessant process. After the era of a single molecule for malaria treatment ended, there was an advent of combination therapy. However, lately there had been reports of the development of resistance to many of these agents as well. Subsequently, at present most of the peer groups working on malaria treatment aim to develop novel molecules, which may act on more than one biological processes of the parasite life cycle, and these scaffolds have been aptly termed as Hybrid Molecules or Double Drugs. These molecules may hold the key to hitherto unknown ways of showing a detrimental effect on the parasite. This review enlists a few of the recent advances made in malaria treatment by these hybrid molecules in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Faraz Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
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18
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Patel TS, Bhatt JD, Dixit RB, Chudasama CJ, Patel BD, Dixit BC. Design and synthesis of leucine-linked quinazoline-4(3H)-one-sulphonamide molecules distorting malarial reductase activity in the folate pathway. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900099. [PMID: 31381192 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of a modified Grimmel's method for N-heterocyclization of a leucine-linked sulfonamide side-arm at position 2 leading to 2,3-disustituted-4-quinazolin-(3H)-ones was accomplished. Further, 22 hybrid quinazolinone motifs (4a-v) were synthesized by N-heterocyclization reaction under microwave irradiation using the ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4 ]-H2 O as green solvent as well as the catalyst. The in vitro screening of the hybrid entities against the malarial species Plasmodium falciparum yielded five potent molecules 4l, 4n, 4o, 4t, and 4u owning antimalarial activity comparable to those of the reference drugs. In continuation, an in silico study was carried out to obtain a pharmacophoric model and quantitative structure-activity relationship. We also built a 3D-QSAR model to procure more information that could be applied to design new molecules with more potent Pf-DHFR inhibitory activity. The designed pharmacophore was recognized to be more potent for the selected molecules, exhibiting five pharmacophoric features. The active scaffolds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibition efficacy against alleged receptor Pf-DHFR computationally and in vitro, proving their candidature as lead dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, and the selectivity of the test candidates was ascertained by toxicity study against Vero cells. Good oral bioavailability was also proved by studying pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaimin D Bhatt
- Industrial Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritu B Dixit
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh D Patel
- Microbiology Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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19
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Hussein EM, Alsantali RI, Abd El-Galil SM, Obaid RJ, Alharbi A, Abourehab MAS, Ahmed SA. Bioactive fluorenes. part I. Synthesis, pharmacological study and molecular docking of novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors based-2,7-dichlorofluorene. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01982. [PMID: 31304415 PMCID: PMC6599973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new series of 2,7-dichloro-4-(2-substituted-amino acetyl)fluorene derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and screened for cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (A-549) and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed significant activity against A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines when compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which was used as a reference drug. In addition, some of these reported novel compounds exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal properties. A molecular docking study was performed to identify the mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds, which suggested binding interactions with the active sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University, 888, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa M Abd El-Galil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-azhar University, Nacr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt
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20
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Hussein EM, Al-Rooqi MM, Abd El-Galil SM, Ahmed SA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N 4 -substituted sulfonamides: acetamides derivatives as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors. BMC Chem 2019; 13:91. [PMID: 31384838 PMCID: PMC6661844 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulfonamide derivatives are of great attention due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. Sulfonamides conjugated with acetamide fragments exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The inhibition dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is considered as one of the most prominent mechanism though which sulfonamide derivatives exhibits antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results In this study, a new series of 2-(arylamino)acetamides and N-arylacetamides containing sulfonamide moieties were designed, synthesized, characterized and assessed for their antimicrobial activity and screened for cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (A-549) and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. A molecular docking study was performed to identify the mode of action of the synthesized compounds and their good binding interactions were observed with the active sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Conclusion Most of the synthesized compounds showed significant activity against A-549 and MCF-7 when compared to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which was used as a reference drug. Some of these synthesized compounds are active as antibacterial and antifungal agents.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0603-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Hussein
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia.,2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516 Egypt
| | - Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa M Abd El-Galil
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-azhar University, Nacr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia.,2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516 Egypt
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21
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Patel TS, Bhatt JD, Dixit RB, Chudasama CJ, Patel BD, Dixit BC. Green synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking studies and 3D-QSAR analysis of novel phenylalanine linked quinazoline-4(3H)-one-sulphonamide hybrid entities distorting the malarial reductase activity in folate pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3574-3586. [PMID: 31272837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A modified Grimmel's method for N-heterocyclization of phenylalanine linked sulphonamide side arm at position-2 was optimized leading to 2,3-disustituted-4-quinazolin-(3H)-ones. Further, [Bmim][BF4]-H2O (IL) was used as green solvent as well as catalyst for the synthesis of twenty two hybrid quinazolinone motifs (4a-4v) by N-heterocyclization reaction using microwave irradiation technique. The in vitro screening of the hybrid entities against the malarial species Plasmodium falciparum yielded five potent molecules 4l, 4n, 4r, 4t & 4u owing comparable antimalarial activity to the reference drugs. In continuation, anin silicostudy was carried out to obtain a pharmacophoric model and quantitative structure activity relationship. We also built a 3D-QSAR model to procure more information that could be applied to design new molecules with more potent Pf-DHFR inhibitory activity. The designed pharmacophore was recognized to be more potent for the selected molecules, exhibiting five pharmacophoric features. The active scaffolds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibition efficacy against alleged receptor Pf-DHFR computationally and in vitro, proving their candidature as lead dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as well as the selectivity of the test candidates was ascertained by toxicity study against vero cells. The perception of good oral bioavailability was also proved by study of pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jaimin D Bhatt
- Industrial Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritu B Dixit
- Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388121, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh D Patel
- Microbiology Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
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22
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Santatiwongchai J, Gleeson D, Gleeson MP. Theoretical Evaluation of the Reaction Mechanism of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:407-418. [PMID: 30522268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of serine and tetrahydrofolate (THF) to glycine and 5,10-methylene THF. SHMT is a folate pathway enzyme and is therefore of considerable medical interest due to its role as an important intervention point for antimalarial, anticancer, and antibacterial treatments. Despite considerable experimental effort, the precise reaction mechanism of SHMT remains unclear. In this study, we explore the mechanism of SHMT to determine the roles of active site residues and the nature and the sequence of chemical steps. Molecular dynamics (MD) methods were employed to generate a suitable starting structure which then underwent analysis using hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations. The QM region consisted of 12 key residues, two substrates, and explicit solvent. Our results show that the catalytic reaction proceeds according to a retro-aldol synthetic process with His129 acting as the general base in the reaction. The rate-determining step involves the cleavage of the PLP-serine aldimine Cα-Cβ bond and the formation of formaldehyde in line with experimental evidence. The pyridyl ring of the PLP-serine aldimine substrate exists in deprotonated form, being stabilized directly by Asp208 via a strong H-bond, as well as through interactions with Arg371, Lys237, and His211, and with the surrounding protein which was electrostatically embedded. This knowledge has the potential to impact the design and development of new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Santatiwongchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Bangkok 10900 , Thailand
| | - Duangkamol Gleeson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Bangkok 10520 , Thailand
| | - M Paul Gleeson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Bangkok 10900 , Thailand.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Bangkok 10520 , Thailand
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23
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Zhao LM, Guo Z, Xue YJ, Min JZ, Zhu WJ, Li XY, Piao HR, Jin CH. Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-Substituted-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl) Pyrazoles as TGF-β Type I Receptor Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123369. [PMID: 30572609 PMCID: PMC6320941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in which overexpression has been associated with various diseases, has become an attractive molecular target for the treatment of cancers. Thirty-two quinoxaline-derivatives of 3-substituted-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl) pyrazoles 14a–d, 15a–d, 16a–d, 17a–d, 18a–d, 19a–d, 25a, 25b, 25d, 26a, 26b, 26d, 27b, and 27d were synthesized and evaluated for their activin TGF-β type I receptor kinase and p38α mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitory activity in enzymatic assays. Among these compounds, the most active compound 19b inhibited TGF-β type I receptor kinase phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 0.28 µM, with 98% inhibition at 10 µM. Compound 19b also had good selectivity index of >35 against p38α MAP kinase, with 9.0-fold more selective than clinical candidate, compound 3 (LY-2157299). A molecular docking study was performed to identify the mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds and their good binding interactions were observed. ADMET prediction of good active compounds showed that these ones possess good pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Yi-Jie Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Hu-Ri Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Cheng Hua Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
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24
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Rodionova IA, Goodacre N, Do J, Hosseinnia A, Babu M, Uetz P, Saier MH. The uridylyltransferase GlnD and tRNA modification GTPase MnmE allosterically control Escherichia coli folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthase FolC. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15725-15732. [PMID: 30089654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate derivatives are important cofactors for enzymes in several metabolic processes. Folate-related inhibition and resistance mechanisms in bacteria are potential targets for antimicrobial therapies and therefore a significant focus of current research. Here, we report that the activity of Escherichia coli poly-γ-glutamyl tetrahydrofolate/dihydrofolate synthase (FolC) is regulated by glutamate/glutamine-sensing uridylyltransferase (GlnD), THF-dependent tRNA modification enzyme (MnmE), and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Ugd) as shown by direct in vitro protein-protein interactions. Using kinetics analyses, we observed that GlnD, Ugd, and MnmE activate FolC many-fold by decreasing the K half of FolC for its substrate l-glutamate. Moreover, FolC inhibited the GTPase activity of MnmE at low GTP concentrations. The growth phenotypes associated with these proteins are discussed. These results, obtained using direct in vitro enzyme assays, reveal unanticipated networks of allosteric regulatory interactions in the folate pathway in E. coli and indicate regulation of polyglutamylated tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis by the availability of nitrogen sources, signaled by the glutamine-sensing GlnD protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Rodionova
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116,
| | - Norman Goodacre
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and
| | - Jimmy Do
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Ali Hosseinnia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peter Uetz
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and
| | - Milton H Saier
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116,
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25
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Bhatt JD, Patel TS, Chudasama CJ, Patel KD. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Clubbed Polyhydroquinolines in an Ionic-Liquid and their Biological Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin D. Bhatt
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P. Science College; Affiliated to Sardar Patel University; Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarosh S. Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P. Science College; Affiliated to Sardar Patel University; Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J. Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute; Affiliated to Sardar Patel University; Anand - 388001, Gujarat India
| | - Kanuprasad D. Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P. Science College; Affiliated to Sardar Patel University; Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120, Gujarat, India
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Fan Z, Shi J, Bao X. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel 1,2,4-triazole thioether derivatives bearing a quinazoline moiety. Mol Divers 2018; 22:657-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wang M, Rakesh KP, Leng J, Fang WY, Ravindar L, Channe Gowda D, Qin HL. Amino acids/peptides conjugated heterocycles: A tool for the recent development of novel therapeutic agents. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:113-129. [PMID: 29169078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids/peptide conjugated heterocycles represent an important class of therapeutical agents. Biologically active heterocycles are conjugated with amino acids or peptides to increase the drug resistance. Furthermore, the amino acid/peptide based drugs have low toxicity, ample bioavailability and permeability, modest potency and good metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties. Synthetic amino acid/peptides based heterocyclic conjugates constitute a promising choice for the development of new, less toxic and safer conventional pharmaceutical drugs in the near future. In this review, we discuss and highlight the recent findings of the structural features that encourage biological applications of amino acid/peptides based conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - L Ravindar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India.
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
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Patel TS, Bhatt JD, Vanparia SF, Patel UH, Dixit RB, Chudasama CJ, Patel BD, Dixit BC. Ionic liquid mediated stereoselective synthesis of alanine linked hybrid quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives perturbing the malarial reductase activity in folate pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6635-6646. [PMID: 29126742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grimmel's method was optimized as well as modified leading to the cyclization and incorporation of alanine linked sulphonamide in 4-quinazolin-(3H)-ones. Further, the generation of heterocyclic motif at position-3 of 4-quinazolinones was explored by synthesis of imines, which unfortunately led to an isomeric mixture of stereoisomers. The hurdle of diastereomers encountered on the path was eminently rectified by development of new rapid and reproducible methodology involving the use of imidazolium based ionic liquid as solvents as well as catalyst for cyclization as well as synthesis of imines in situ at position-3 leading to procurement of single E-isomer as the target hybrid heterocyclic molecules. The purity and presence of single isomer was also confirmed by HPLC and spectroscopic techniques. Further, the synthesized sulphonamide linked 4-quinazolin-(3H)-ones hybrids were screened for their antimalarial potency rendering potent entities (4b, 4c, 4 l, 4 t and 4u). The active hybrids were progressively screened for enzyme inhibitory efficacy against presumed receptor Pf-DHFR and h-DHFR computationally as well as in vitro, proving their potency as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. The ADME properties of these active molecules were also predicted to enhance the knowhow of the oral bioavailability, indicating good bioavailability of the active entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jaimin D Bhatt
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Satish F Vanparia
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Urmila H Patel
- Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritu B Dixit
- Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidyanagar 388121, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute, Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh D Patel
- Microbiology Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
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29
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Tonelli M, Naesens L, Gazzarrini S, Santucci M, Cichero E, Tasso B, Moroni A, Costi MP, Loddo R. Host dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:467-478. [PMID: 28477572 PMCID: PMC7115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a series of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazines, structurally related to the antimalarial drug cycloguanil, as new inhibitors of influenza A and B virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) via targeting of the host dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. Most analogues proved active against influenza B virus in the low micromolar range, and the best compounds (11, 13, 14 and 16) even reached the sub-micromolar potency of zanamivir (EC50 = 0.060 μM), and markedly exceeded (up to 327 times) the antiviral efficacy of ribavirin. Activity was also observed for two influenza A strains, including a virus with the S31N mutant form of M2 proton channel, which is the most prevalent resistance mutation for amantadine. Importantly, the compounds displayed nanomolar activity against RSV and a superior selectivity index, since the ratio of cytotoxic to antiviral concentration was >10,000 for the three most active compounds 11, 14 and 16 (EC50 ∼0.008 μM), far surpassing the potency and safety profile of the licensed drug ribavirin (EC50 = 5.8 μM, SI > 43).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Gazzarrini
- Department of Biosciences and National Research Council (CNR), Biophysics Institute (IBF), University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Santucci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences and National Research Council (CNR), Biophysics Institute (IBF), University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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