1
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Zhao S, Liu J, Lv Z, Zhang G, Xu Z. Recent updates on 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with in vivo therapeutic potential against cancers: A mini-review. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115254. [PMID: 36893627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole moiety which is usually constructed by highly versatile, efficacious and selective copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition not only can act as a linker to connect different pharmacophores, but also is a useful pharmacophore with diverse biological properties. 1,2,3-Triazoles are readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in cancer cells through non-covalent interactions and can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis. In particular, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids have the potential to exert dual or multiple anticancer mechanisms of action, representing useful scaffolds in expediting development of novel anticancer agents. The current review summarizes the in vivo anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of action of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids reported in the last decade to continuously open up a map for the remarkable exploration of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zaosheng Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guangde Zhang
- Engineering Training Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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2
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Dekker T, Harteveld JW, Wágner G, de Vries MCM, Custers H, van de Stolpe AC, de Esch IJP, Wijtmans M. Green Drug Discovery: Novel Fragment Space from the Biomass-Derived Molecule Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene TM). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041777. [PMID: 36838763 PMCID: PMC9967789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived molecules can provide a basis for sustainable drug discovery. However, their full exploration is hampered by the dominance of millions of old-fashioned screening compounds in classical high-throughput screening (HTS) libraries frequently utilized. We propose a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) approach as an efficient method to navigate biomass-derived drug space. Here, we perform a proof-of-concept study with dihydrolevoglucosenone (CyreneTM), a pyrolysis product of cellulose. Diverse synthetic routes afforded a 100-membered fragment library with a diversity in functional groups appended. The library overall performs well in terms of novelty, physicochemical properties, aqueous solubility, stability, and three-dimensionality. Our study suggests that Cyrene-based fragments are a valuable green addition to the drug discovery toolbox. Our findings can help in paving the way for new hit drug candidates that are based on renewable resources.
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3
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Hoffman GR, Schoffstall AM. Syntheses and Applications of 1,2,3-Triazole-Fused Pyrazines and Pyridazines. Molecules 2022; 27:4681. [PMID: 35897857 PMCID: PMC9329905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazines and pyridazines fused to 1,2,3-triazoles comprise a set of heterocycles obtained through a variety of synthetic routes. Two typical modes of constructing these heterocyclic ring systems are cyclizing a heterocyclic diamine with a nitrite or reacting hydrazine hydrate with dicarbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles. Several unique methods are known, particularly for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines and their benzo-fused quinoxaline and quinoxalinone-containing analogs. Recent applications detail the use of these heterocycles in medicinal chemistry (c-Met inhibition or GABAA modulating activity) as fluorescent probes and as structural units of polymers.
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Key Words
- 1,2,3-triazole
- 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine
- 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine
- 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine
- 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine
- 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine
- fused 1,2,3-triazole
- practical applications
- synthesis
- triazolopyrazine
- triazolopyridazine
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen M. Schoffstall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA;
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4
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Yadav P, Shah K. Quinolines, a perpetual, multipurpose scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104639. [PMID: 33618829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline is a versatile pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold and an outstanding fused heterocyclic compound with a wide range of pharmacological prospective such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral drug and superlative moiety in drug discovery. The quinoline hybrids have already been shown excellent results with new targets with a different mode of actions as an inhibitor of cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration and modulation. This review emphasized the mode of action, structure activity relationship and molecular docking to reveal the various active pharmacophores of quinoline hybrids accountable for novel anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and miscellaneous activities. Therefore, several quinoline candidates are under clinical trials for the treatment of certain diseases, for example ferroquine (antimalarial), dactolisib (antitumor) and pelitinib (EGFR TK inhibitors) etc. Plenty of research has been summarized the recent advances of quinoline derivatives and explore the various therapeutic prospects of this moiety. This review would help the researchers to strategically design diverse novel quinoline derivatives for the development of clinically viable drug candidates for the treatment of incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Yadav
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP 281406, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP 281406, India.
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5
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Martorana A, La Monica G, Lauria A. Quinoline-Based Molecules Targeting c-Met, EGF, and VEGF Receptors and the Proteins Involved in Related Carcinogenic Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184279. [PMID: 32961977 PMCID: PMC7571062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quinoline ring system has long been known as a versatile nucleus in the design and synthesis of biologically active compounds. Currently, more than one hundred quinoline compounds have been approved in therapy as antimicrobial, local anaesthetic, antipsychotic, and anticancer drugs. In drug discovery, indeed, over the last few years, an increase in the publication of papers and patents about quinoline derivatives possessing antiproliferative properties has been observed. This trend can be justified by the versatility and accessibility of the quinoline scaffold, from which new derivatives can be easily designed and synthesized. Within the numerous quinoline small molecules developed as antiproliferative drugs, this review is focused on compounds effective on c-Met, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptors, pivotal targets for the activation of important carcinogenic pathways (Ras/Raf/MEK and PI3K/AkT/mTOR). These signalling cascades are closely connected and regulate the survival processes in the cell, such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The antiproliferative biological data of remarkable quinoline compounds have been analysed, confirming the pivotal importance of this ring system in the efficacy of several approved drugs. Furthermore, in view of an SAR (structure-activity relationship) study, the most recurrent ligand–protein interactions of the reviewed molecules are summarized.
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6
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Zhang Q, Zheng P, Zhu W. Research Progress of Small Molecule VEGFR/c-Met Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents (2016-Present). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112666. [PMID: 32521825 PMCID: PMC7321177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-C and VEGFR-D and participates in the formation of tumor blood vessels, mediates the proliferation of endothelial cells, enhances microvascular permeability, and blocks apoptosis. Blocking or downregulating the signal transduction of VEGFR is the main way to discover new drugs for many human angiogenesis-dependent malignancies. Mesenchymal epithelial transfer factor tyrosine kinase (c-Met) is a high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Abnormal c-Met signaling plays an important role in the formation, invasion and metastasis of human tumors. Therefore, the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway has become a significant target for cancer treatment. Related studies have shown that the conduction of the VEGFR and c-Met signaling pathways has a synergistic effect in inducing angiogenesis and inhibiting tumor growth. In recent years, multi-target small molecule inhibitors have become a research hotspot, among which the research of VEGFR and c-Met dual-target small molecule inhibitors has become more and more extensive. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the chemical structures and biological characteristics of novel VEGFR/c-Met dual-target small-molecule inhibitors in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wufu Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8380-2393
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7
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Xiong H, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Duan Y, Zhang H, Zheng P, Tang Q. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)benzamide derivatives bearing a 5-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one fragment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127076. [PMID: 32173195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)benzamide derivatives bearing a 5-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one fragment were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activity. Most compounds showed effective inhibitory activity against cancer cell lines of A549, HeLa and MCF-7. Among them, the most promising compound 40 showed excellent activity against A549, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.03, 1.15 and 2.59 μM, respectively, which was 2.606.95 times more active than that of Golvatinib. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) showed that the introduction of 5-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one to "5-atom linker" and the modification of the amide with morpholine group were beneficial for enhancing the inhibitory activity of compounds. In addition, the further research on compound 40 mainly include c-Met kinase activity, concentration dependence, apoptosis (acridine orange staining), and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Yongli Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
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8
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Nan X, Li HJ, Fang SB, Li QY, Wu YC. Structure-based discovery of novel 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives as c-Met inhibitors using isocyanide-involved multicomponent reactions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Manevski N, King L, Pitt WR, Lecomte F, Toselli F. Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10955-10994. [PMID: 31385704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidase (AO) catalyzes oxidations of azaheterocycles and aldehydes, amide hydrolysis, and diverse reductions. AO substrates are rare among marketed drugs, and many candidates failed due to poor pharmacokinetics, interspecies differences, and adverse effects. As most issues arise from complex and poorly understood AO biology, an effective solution is to stop or decrease AO metabolism. This perspective focuses on rational drug design approaches to modulate AO-mediated metabolism in drug discovery. AO biological aspects are also covered, as they are complementary to chemical design and important when selecting the experimental system for risk assessment. The authors' recommendation is an early consideration of AO-mediated metabolism supported by computational and in vitro experimental methods but not an automatic avoidance of AO structural flags, many of which are versatile and valuable building blocks. Preferably, consideration of AO-mediated metabolism should be part of the multiparametric drug optimization process, with the goal to improve overall drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Manevski
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd King
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - William R Pitt
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Lecomte
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Toselli
- UCB BioPharma , Chemin du Foriest 1 , 1420 Braine-l'Alleud , Belgium
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10
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Xu Z, Zhao SJ, Liu Y. 1,2,3-Triazole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current developments, action mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111700. [PMID: 31546197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer agents are critical for the cancer treatment, but side effects and the drug resistance associated with the currently used anticancer agents create an urgent need to explore novel drugs with low side effects and high efficacy. 1,2,3-Triazole is privileged building block in the discovery of new anticancer agents, and some of its derivatives have already been applied in clinics or under clinical trials for fighting against cancers. Hybrid molecules occupy an important position in cancer control, and hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole framework with other anticancer pharmacophores may provide valuable therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cancer, especially drug-resistant cancer. This review emphasizes the recent advances in 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with anticancer potential, covering articles published between 2015 and 2019, and the structure-activity relationships, together with mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
| | - Shi-Jia Zhao
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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11
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In Vitro Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase Leads to Poor Pharmacokinetic Profile in Rats for c-Met Inhibitor MET401. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:669-680. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Padilha EC, Wang J, Kerns E, Lee A, Huang W, Jiang JK, McKew J, Mutlib A, Peccinini RG, Yu PB, Sanderson P, Xu X. Application of in vitro Drug Metabolism Studies in Chemical Structure Optimization for the Treatment of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:234. [PMID: 31068801 PMCID: PMC6491728 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently no approved treatment exists for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) patients, and disease progression results in severe restriction of joint function and premature mortality. LDN-193189 has been demonstrated to be efficacious in a mouse FOP disease model after oral administration. To support species selection for drug safety evaluation and to guide structure optimization for back-up compounds, in vitro metabolism of LDN-193189 was investigated in liver microsome and cytosol fractions of mouse, rat, dog, rabbit, monkey and human. Metabolism studies included analysis of reactive intermediate formation using glutathione and potassium cyanide (KCN) and analysis of non-P450 mediated metabolites in cytosol fractions of various species. Metabolite profiles and metabolic soft spots of LDN-193189 were elucidated using LC/UV and mass spectral techniques. The in vitro metabolism of LDN-193189 was significantly dependent on aldehyde oxidase, with formation of the major NIH-Q55 metabolite. The piperazinyl moiety of LDN-193189 was liable to NADPH-dependent metabolism which generated reactive iminium intermediates, as confirmed through KCN trapping experiments, and aniline metabolites (M337 and M380), which brought up potential drug safety concerns. Subsequently, strategies were employed to avoid metabolic liabilities leading to the synthesis of Compounds 1, 2, and 3. This study demonstrated the importance of metabolite identification for the discovery of novel and safe drug candidates for the treatment of FOP and helped medicinal chemists steer away from potential metabolic liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias C Padilha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.,Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States.,Frontage Laboratories, Inc., Department of Drug Metabolism, Exton, PA, United States
| | - Ed Kerns
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Arthur Lee
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Wenwei Huang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jian-Kang Jiang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - John McKew
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Abdul Mutlib
- Frontage Laboratories, Inc., Department of Drug Metabolism, Exton, PA, United States
| | - Rosangela G Peccinini
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paul B Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip Sanderson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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13
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Liao B, Peng L, Zhou J, Mo H, Zhao J, Yang Z, Guo X, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhu Z. Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Inhibitors Based on 6-(Pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800598. [PMID: 30788913 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck malignancy with high incidence in Southeast Asia and Southern China. It is necessary to develop safe, effective and inexpensive anticancer agents to improve the therapeutics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A series of small molecular compounds based on 6-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines SUNE1. Compounds 6b, 6c, 6e and 6l showed potent antiproliferative activities similar to positive control drug cisplatin in vitro with lower nephrotoxicity than it. N-[4-(1H-Indazol-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine (6l) was selected for further study. It was found that 6l induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and G2 /M phase arrest in SUNE1 cells. Furthermore, compound 6l at 10 mg/kg can suppress the growth of an implanted SUNE1 xenograft with a TGI% (tumor growth inhibition) value of 50 % and did not cause serious side effects in BALB/c nude mice. This study suggests that 6-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole derivatives are a series of small molecule compounds with anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Liao
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Lingrong Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Mo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Jialan Zhao
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Zike Yang
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Guo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, P. R. China
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14
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Sun ZG, Yang YA, Zhang ZG, Zhu HL. Optimization techniques for novel c-Met kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 14:59-69. [PMID: 30518273 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1551355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Balasubramanian PK, Balupuri A, Bhujbal SP, Cho SJ. 3D-QSAR-aided design of potent c-Met inhibitors using molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2165-2178. [PMID: 30044205 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1479309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is a member of receptor tyrosine kinase. It involves in various cellular signaling pathways which includes proliferation, motility, migration, and invasion. Over-expression of c-Met has been reported in various cancers. Hence, it is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer. The main objective of the study is to identify crucial residues involved in the inhibition of c-Met kinase and to design a series of potent imidazo [4,5-b] pyrazine derivatives as c-Met inhibitors. Docking was used to identify important active site residues involved in the inhibition of c-Met kinase which was further validated by 100 ns of molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation using molecular mechanics generalized born surface area. Furthermore, binding energy decomposition identified that residues Tyr1230, Met1211, Asp1222, Tyr1159, Met1160, Val1092, Ala1108, and Leu1157 contributed favorably to the binding stability of compound 32. Receptor-guided Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) (q2 = 0.751, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.933) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (COMSIA) (q2 = 0.744, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.950) models were generated based on the docked conformation of the most active compound 32. The robustness of these models was tested using various validation techniques and found to be predictive. The results of CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps exposed the regions favorable to enhance the activity. Based on this information, 27 novel c-Met inhibitors were designed. These designed compounds exhibited potent activity than the most active compound of the existing dataset. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra K Balasubramanian
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Balupuri
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
| | - Swapnil P Bhujbal
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Cellular·Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
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Zhang JW, Xiao W, Gao ZT, Yu ZT, Zhang JYJ. Metabolism of c-Met Kinase Inhibitors Containing Quinoline by Aldehyde Oxidase, Electron Donating, and Steric Hindrance Effect. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1847-1855. [PMID: 30209037 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some quinoline-containing c-Met kinase inhibitors are aldehyde oxidase (AO) substrates. 3-Substituted quinoline triazolopyridine analogs were synthesized to understand the electron-donating and steric hindrance effects on AO-mediated metabolism. Metabolic stability studies for these quinoline analogs were carried out in liver cytosol from mice, rats, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. Several 3-N-substituted analogs were found to be unstable in monkey liver cytosolic incubations (half-life, <10 minutes), and five of them (63, 53, 51, 11, and 71) were chosen for additional mechanistic studies. Mono-oxygenation on the quinoline ring was identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolite formation was inhibited by the AO inhibitors menadione and raloxifene, but not by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. It was found that small electron-donating groups at the 3-quinoline moiety made the analogs more susceptible to AO metabolism, whereas large 3-substituents could reverse the trend. Although species differences were observed, this trend was applicable to all species tested. Small electron-donating substituents at the 3-quinoline moiety increased both affinity (decreased Michaelis constant) and V max maximum velocity toward AO in kinetic studies, whereas large substituents decreased both parameters probably as a result of steric hindrance. Based on our analysis, a common structural feature with high AO liability was proposed. Our finding could provide useful information for chemists to minimize potential AO liability when designing quinoline analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wei Zhang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiao
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ting Gao
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Tian Yu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Yue Jeff Zhang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Parikh PK, Ghate MD. Recent advances in the discovery of small molecule c-Met Kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1103-1138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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