1
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Huang Y, Li B, Wu Z, Liu K, Min J. Inhibitors targeting the PWWP domain-containing proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 280:116965. [PMID: 39413441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
PWWP domain-containing proteins play a pivotal role in chromatin-mediated biological processes, and their aberrant regulation is linked to various human diseases. Recent years have witnessed remarkable strides in unraveling the structural and functional features of PWWP domain-containing proteins, propelling significant advances in targeting the PWWP domain-containing proteins for drug discovery purposes. Several drugs have already been approved, while others are currently in clinical trials. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments on PWWP domain-containing proteins, including their structural characteristics and biological significance. It also provides detailed insights into the drug discovery process targeting these proteins, including screening, design, and structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyuan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Boyi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Dai W, Qiao X, Fang Y, Guo R, Bai P, Liu S, Li T, Jiang Y, Wei S, Na Z, Xiao X, Li D. Epigenetics-targeted drugs: current paradigms and future challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:332. [PMID: 39592582 PMCID: PMC11627502 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics governs a chromatin state regulatory system through five key mechanisms: DNA modification, histone modification, RNA modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. These mechanisms and their associated enzymes convey genetic information independently of DNA base sequences, playing essential roles in organismal development and homeostasis. Conversely, disruptions in epigenetic landscapes critically influence the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This understanding has laid a robust theoretical groundwork for developing drugs that target epigenetics-modifying enzymes in pathological conditions. Over the past two decades, a growing array of small molecule drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2, have been thoroughly investigated and implemented as therapeutic options, particularly in oncology. Additionally, numerous epigenetics-targeted drugs are undergoing clinical trials, offering promising prospects for clinical benefits. This review delineates the roles of epigenetics in physiological and pathological contexts and underscores pioneering studies on the discovery and clinical implementation of epigenetics-targeted drugs. These include inhibitors, agonists, degraders, and multitarget agents, aiming to identify practical challenges and promising avenues for future research. Ultimately, this review aims to deepen the understanding of epigenetics-oriented therapeutic strategies and their further application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinbo Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renhao Guo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine VIP Ward, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutao Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijing Na
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Chang Y, Guo H, Li X, Zong L, Wei J, Li Z, Luo C, Yang X, Fang H, Kong X, Hou X. Development of a First-in-Class DNMT1/HDAC Inhibitor with Improved Therapeutic Potential and Potentiated Antitumor Immunity. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16480-16504. [PMID: 39264152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic therapies have emerged as a key paradigm for treating malignancies. In this study, a series of DNMT1/HDAC dual inhibitors were obtained by fusing the key pharmacophores from DNMT1 inhibitors (DNMT1i) and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). Among them, compound (R)-23a demonstrated significant DNMT1 and HDAC inhibition both in vitro and in cells and largely phenocopied the synergistic effects of combined DNMT1i and HDACi in reactivating epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). This translated into a profound tumor growth inhibition (TGI = 98%) of (R)-23a in an MV-4-11 xenograft model, while displaying improved tolerability compared with single agent combination. Moreover, in a syngeneic MC38 mouse colorectal tumor model, (R)-23a outperformed the combinatory treatment in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and inducing tumor regression. Collectively, the novel DNMT1/HDAC dual inhibitor (R)-23a effectively reverses the cancer-specific epigenetic abnormalities and holds great potential for further development into cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Liangyi Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiale Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhihai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
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4
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Kritsi E, Christodoulou P, Tsiaka T, Georgiadis P, Zervou M. A Computational Approach for the Discovery of Novel DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3394-3407. [PMID: 38666943 PMCID: PMC11049320 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the explosion of knowledge in the field of epigenetics has revealed new pathways toward the treatment of multifactorial diseases, rendering the key players of the epigenetic machinery the focus of today's pharmaceutical landscape. Among epigenetic enzymes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are first studied as inhibition targets for cancer treatment. The increasing clinical interest in DNMTs has led to advanced experimental and computational strategies in the search for novel DNMT inhibitors. Considering the importance of epigenetic targets as a novel and promising pharmaceutical trend, the present study attempted to discover novel inhibitors of natural origin against DNMTs using a combination of structure and ligand-based computational approaches. Particularly, a pharmacophore-based virtual screening was performed, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in order to establish an accurate and robust selection methodology. Our screening protocol prioritized five natural-derived compounds, derivatives of coumarins, flavones, chalcones, benzoic acids, and phenazine, bearing completely diverse chemical scaffolds from FDA-approved "Epi-drugs". Their total DNMT inhibitory activity was evaluated, revealing promising results for the derived hits with an inhibitory activity ranging within 30-45% at 100 µM of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftichia Kritsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (P.C.); (T.T.); (P.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (P.C.); (T.T.); (P.G.)
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5
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Huang W, Zhu Q, Shi Z, Tu Y, Li Q, Zheng W, Yuan Z, Li L, Zu X, Hao Y, Chu B, Jiang Y. Dual inhibitors of DNMT and HDAC induce viral mimicry to induce antitumour immunity in breast cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:143. [PMID: 38490978 PMCID: PMC10943227 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing conventional treatments for breast cancer, including immune checkpoint blockade, exhibit limited effects in some cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancer. Epigenetic alterations, specifically DNMT and HDAC alterations, are implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. We demonstrated that DNMTs and HDACs are overexpressed and positively correlated in breast cancer. The combination of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors has shown synergistic antitumour effects, and our previously designed dual DNMT and HDAC inhibitor (termed DNMT/HDACi) 15a potently inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, 15a induces a viral mimicry response by promoting the expression of endogenous retroviral elements in breast cancer cells, thus increasing the intracellular level of double-stranded RNA to activate the RIG-I-MAVS pathway. This in turn promotes the production of interferons and chemokines and augments the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and PD-L1. The combination of 15a and an anti-PD-L1 antibody had an additive effect in vivo. These findings indicate that this DNMT/HDACi has immunomodulatory functions and enhances the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. A novel dual DNMT and HDAC inhibitor induces viral mimicry, which induces the accumulation of dsRNA to activate tumoral IFN signalling and cytokine production to enhance the immune response in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhichao Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yao Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zigao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bizhu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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6
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Shirbhate E, Singh V, Jahoriya V, Mishra A, Veerasamy R, Tiwari AK, Rajak H. Dual inhibitors of HDAC and other epigenetic regulators: A novel strategy for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115938. [PMID: 37989059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A significant advancement in the field of epigenetic drug discovery has been evidenced in recent years. Epigenetic alterations are hereditary, nevertheless reversible variations to DNA or histone adaptations that regulate gene function individualistically of the fundamental sequence. The design and synthesis of various drugs targeting epigenetic regulators open a new door for epigenetic-targeted therapies to parade worthwhile therapeutic potential for haematological and solid malignancies. Several ongoing clinical trials on dual targeting strategy are being conducted comprising HDAC inhibitory component and an epigenetic regulating agent. In this perspective, the review discusses the pharmacological aspects of HDAC and other epigenetic regulating factors as dual inhibitors as an emerging alternative approach for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, CG, India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, CG, India
| | - Varsha Jahoriya
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, CG, India
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, CG, India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Cancer & System Therapeutics, UAMS College of Pharmacy, UAMS - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, United States
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, CG, India.
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7
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Li A, Zheng W, Xiao B, Huang W, Li L, Luo M, Liu Z, Chu B, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine base hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual JMJD3 and HDAC inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 94:129466. [PMID: 37660833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The Jumonji domain-containing protein demethylase 3 (JMJD3) and histone deacetylase (HADC) are related to various cancers and regard as antitumor targets for drug discovery. In this study, based on rational drug design strategy, we designed and synthesized a series of pyrimidine derivatives with hydroxamic acid as novel dual JMJD3 and HDAC inhibitors for synergistic cancer treatment. Compound A5b exhibited inhibitory potency against JMJD3 and HDAC1/6 simultaneously and favorable cytotoxicity against human cancer cells such as A549 and U937. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that A5b treatment in A549 cells increased the hypermethylation of histone H3K27 and hyperacetylation of H3K9, suppressed clonogenicity, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Besides, A5b induced apoptosis via the cleavage of caspase-7 and PARP, and G1 cell cycle arrest via upregulated p21 expression. All these results suggested that A5b was the first dual inhibitor against JMJD3 and HDAC and can be a potential compound for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Boren Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minglang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Biopharm Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China; Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bizhu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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8
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Villamizar–Mogotocoro A, Kouznetsov VV. Simple and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of new N-biphenyl cinnamamides/3-arylpropanamides and C6-substituted phenanthridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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9
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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10
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Tinkov OV, Grigorev VY, Grigoreva LD, Osipov VN. HDAC1 PREDICTOR: a simple and transparent application for virtual screening of histone deacetylase 1 inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:915-931. [PMID: 36548122 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2147996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases play an important role in regulating gene expression by modifying histones and changing chromatin conformation. HDAC dysregulation is involved in many diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibitors represent an important class of drugs. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) classification models were developed using 2D RDKit molecular descriptors; ECPF4 (Extended Connectivity Fingerprint) circular fingerprints; and the Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Support Vector Machine methods. The developed models were integrated into the HDAC1 PREDICTOR application, which is freely available at the link https://ovttiras-hdac1-inhibitors-hdac1-predictor-app-z3mrbr.streamlitapp.com. The HDAC1 PREDICTOR web application allows one to reveal the compounds for which the predicted activity to inhibit HDAC1 is higher than that of the reference Vorinostat compound (IC50 = 11.08 nM). The algorithm implemented in HDAC1 PREDICTOR for determining the contributions of molecular fragments to the inhibitory activity can be used to find the molecule segments that increase or decrease the activity, enabling the researcher to conduct a rational molecular design of new highly active HDAC1 inhibitors. The developed QSAR models and the code for their construction in the Python programming language are freely available on the GitHub platform at https://github.com/ovttiras/HDAC1-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Tinkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Shevchenko Transnistria State University, Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - V Y Grigorev
- Department of Computer-aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - L D Grigoreva
- Department of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Osipov
- Department of Chemical Synthesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Moi D, Citarella A, Bonanni D, Pinzi L, Passarella D, Silvani A, Giannini C, Rastelli G. Synthesis of potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors led to unexpected opening of a quinazoline ring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11548-11556. [PMID: 35425078 PMCID: PMC9006239 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are highly involved in the regulation of many pharmacological responses, which results in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In the present work, chemoinformatic analyses were performed to obtain two potent and selective aminotriazoloquinazoline-based HDAC6 inhibitors. We unexpectedly obtained an aminotriazole from a water-driven ring opening of the triazoloquinazoline scaffold. Both compounds were evaluated as HDAC6 inhibitors, resulting in subnanomolar inhibitory activity and high selectivity with respect to class I HDAC1 and HDAC8. Importantly, the compounds were about 3- and 15-fold more potent compared to the reference compound trichostatin A. Additionally, the predicted binding modes were investigated with docking. Considering that the aminotriazole scaffold has never been embedded into the chemical structure of HDAC6 inhibitors, the present study suggests that both the aminotriazoloquinazoline and aminotriazole classes of compounds could be excellent starting points for further optimization of potential anticancer compounds, introducing such novel groups into a relevant and new area of investigation. Potent and selective inhibitors of HDAC6 have been designed, synthesized and tested. An unexpected opening of the quinazoline ring led to both aminotriazoloquinazoline and aminotriazole compounds with potent activity and isoform selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Moi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy .,Department of Chemistry, University of Milan Via Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy .,Department of Chemistry, University of Milan Via Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Davide Bonanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan Via Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan Via Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Clelia Giannini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan Via Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
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Amariucai-Mantu D, Antoci V, Sardaru MC, Al Matarneh CM, Mangalagiu I, Danac R. Fused pyrrolo-pyridines and pyrrolo-(iso)quinoline as anticancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work emphasizes the synthesis strategies and antiproliferative related properties of fused pyrrolo-pyridine (including indolizine and azaindoles) and pyrrolo-(iso)quinoline derivatives recently reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilichia Antoci
- Chemistry Department , Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| | | | | | - Ionel Mangalagiu
- Chemistry Department , Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| | - Ramona Danac
- Chemistry Department , Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
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13
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Investigation of Decitabine Effects on HDAC3 and HDAC7 mRNA Expression in NALM-6 and HL-60 Cancer Cell Lines. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:420-428. [PMID: 34981019 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.3.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Decitabine is a potent anticancer hypomethylating agent and changes the gene expression through the gene's promoter demethylation and also independently from DNA demethylation. So, the present study was designed to distinguish whether Decitabine, in addition to inhibitory effects on DNA methyltransferase, can change HDAC3 and HDAC7 mRNA expression in NALM-6 and HL-60 cancer cell lines. Methods HL-60, NALM-6, and normal cells were cultured, and the Decitabine treatment dose was obtained (1 µM) through the MTT assay. Finally, HDAC3 and HDAC7 mRNA expression were measured by Real-Time PCR in HL-60 and NALM-6 cancerous cells before and after treatment. Furthermore, HDAC3 and HDAC7 mRNA expression in untreated HL-60 and NALM-6 cancerous cells were compared to normal cells. Results Our results revealed that the expression of HDAC3 and HDAC7 in HL-60 and NALM-6 cells increases as compared to normal cells. After treatment of HL-60 and NALM-6 cells with Decitabine, HDAC3, and HDAC7 mRNA expression were decreased significantly. Conclusion Our data confirmed that the effects of Decitabine are not limited to direct hypomethylation of DNMTs, but it can indirectly affect other epigenetic factors, such as HDACs activity, through converging pathways.
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Zheng H, Dai Q, Yuan Z, Fan T, Zhang C, Liu Z, Chu B, Sun Q, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Quinazoline-based hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual histone methylation and deacetylation inhibitors for potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116524. [PMID: 34847495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a common malignant disease with complex signaling networks, which means it is unmanageable to cancer therapy by using single classical targeted drug. Recently, dual- or multitarget drugs have emerged as a promising option for cancer therapies. Although many multifunctional compounds targeting HDAC have been validated, as far as we know, there is no molecule targeting GLP and HDAC synchronously. In the present work, we designed and synthesized a series of quinazoline-based hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual GLP and HDAC inhibitors. These hybrid compounds showed potent enzymatic inhibitory activities against GLP and HDAC1/6 with IC50 values in the nanomolar range of less than 190 nM. Furthermore, most of our compounds displayed significant broad spectrum cytotoxic activities apart from D3 and D8 against all the tested cancer cells with IC50 values less than 50 μM. D1, D6 and D7 showed more potent cytotoxic activities than D2, D4 and D5 in those cancer cells. Especially, compound D7 showed potent inhibitory potency activity against both GLP and HDAC1/6 with IC50 values of 1.3, 89, 13 nM. Besides, D7 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against all the tested cancer cells. Further evaluations indicated that D7 could inhibit the methylation and deacetylation of H3K9 on protein level. Moreover, D7 could induce cancer cell apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and partly block migration and invasion. All these thorough evaluations warranted D7 as a promising lead compound worth further optimization and development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Qiuzi Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Zigao Yuan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tingting Fan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zijian Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Bizhu Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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15
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Inhibitors of DNA Methylation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:471-513. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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An in silico pipeline for the discovery of multitarget ligands: A case study for epi-polypharmacology based on DNMT1/HDAC2 inhibition. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 1. [PMID: 35475037 PMCID: PMC9038114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ailsci.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel therapeutic compounds remains an overwhelming task owing to the time-consuming and expensive nature of the drug development process and low success rates. Traditional methodologies that rely on the one drug-one target paradigm have proven insufficient for the treatment of multifactorial diseases, leading to a shift to multitarget approaches. In this emerging paradigm, molecules with off-target and promiscuous interactions may result in preferred therapies. In this study, we developed a general pipeline combining machine learning algorithms and a deep generator network to train a dual inhibitor classifier capable of identifying putative pharmacophoric traits. As a case study, we focused on dual inhibitors targeting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), two enzymes that play a central role in epigenetic regulation. We used this approach to identify dual inhibitors from a novel large natural product database in the public domain. We used docking and atomistic simulations as complementary approaches to establish the ligand-interaction profiles between the best hits and DNMT1/HDAC2. By using the combined ligand- and structure-based approaches, we discovered two promising novel scaffolds that can be used to simultaneously target both DNMT1 and HDAC2. We conclude that the flexibility and adaptability of the proposed pipeline has predictive capabilities of similar or derivative methods and is readily applicable to the discovery of small molecules targeting many other therapeutically relevant proteins.
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17
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Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluations of nucleoside base hydroxamic acid derivatives as DNMT and HDAC dual inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Rabal O, San José-Enériz E, Agirre X, Sánchez-Arias JA, de Miguel I, Ordoñez R, Garate L, Miranda E, Sáez E, Vilas-Zornoza A, Pineda-Lucena A, Estella A, Zhang F, Wu W, Xu M, Prosper F, Oyarzabal J. Design and Synthesis of Novel Epigenetic Inhibitors Targeting Histone Deacetylases, DNA Methyltransferase 1, and Lysine Methyltransferase G9a with In Vivo Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3392-3426. [PMID: 33661013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant inhibition of key epigenetic pathways involved in silencing tumor suppressor genes has been recognized as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a first-in-class series of quinoline-based analogues that simultaneously inhibit histone deacetylases (from a low nanomolar range) and DNA methyltransferase-1 (from a mid-nanomolar range, IC50 < 200 nM). Additionally, lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitory activity is achieved (from a low nanomolar range) by introduction of a key lysine mimic group at the 7-position of the quinoline ring. The corresponding epigenetic functional cellular responses are observed: histone-3 acetylation, DNA hypomethylation, and decreased histone-3 methylation at lysine-9. These chemical probes, multitarget epigenetic inhibitors, were validated against the multiple myeloma cell line MM1.S, demonstrating promising in vitro activity of 12a (CM-444) with GI50 of 32 nM, an adequate therapeutic window (>1 log unit), and a suitable pharmacokinetic profile. In vivo, 12a achieved significant antitumor efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of human multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Edurne San José-Enériz
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Sánchez-Arias
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ordoñez
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Garate
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Miranda
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Sáez
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Estella
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Feifei Zhang
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Company Ltd., TEDA, No. 168 Nanhai Road, 10th Avenue, 300456 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Company Ltd., TEDA, No. 168 Nanhai Road, 10th Avenue, 300456 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Musheng Xu
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Company Ltd., TEDA, No. 168 Nanhai Road, 10th Avenue, 300456 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Departmento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 36, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Yusuf AP, Abubakar MB, Malami I, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar B, Bello MB, Qusty N, Elazab ST, Imam MU, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. Zinc Metalloproteins in Epigenetics and Their Crosstalk. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:186. [PMID: 33652690 PMCID: PMC7996840 DOI: 10.3390/life11030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century ago, zinc was established as an essential micronutrient for normal human physiology. In silico data suggest that about 10% of the human proteome potentially binds zinc. Many proteins with zinc-binding domains (ZBDs) are involved in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which regulate transcription in physiological and pathological conditions. Zinc metalloproteins in epigenetics are mainly zinc metalloenzymes and zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), which are classified into writers, erasers, readers, editors, and feeders. Altogether, these classes of proteins engage in crosstalk that fundamentally maintains the epigenome's modus operandi. Changes in the expression or function of these proteins induced by zinc deficiency or loss of function mutations in their ZBDs may lead to aberrant epigenetic reprogramming, which may worsen the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. This review attempts to address zinc's role and its proteins in natural epigenetic programming and artificial reprogramming and briefly discusses how the ZBDs in these proteins interact with the chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Naeem Qusty
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Haidingergasse 29, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt
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Sana S, Reddy VG, Srinivasa Reddy T, Tokala R, Kumar R, Bhargava SK, Shankaraiah N. Cinnamide derived pyrimidine-benzimidazole hybrids as tubulin inhibitors: Synthesis, in silico and cell growth inhibition studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104765. [PMID: 33677248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An approach in modern medicinal chemistry to discover novel bioactive compounds is by mimicking diverse complementary pharmacophores. In extension of this strategy, a new class of piperazine-linked cinnamide derivatives of benzimidazole-pyrimidine hybrids have been designed and synthesized. Their in vitro cytotoxicity profiles were explored on selected human cancer cell lines. Specifically, structural comparison of target hybrids with tubulin-DAMA-colchicine and tubulin-nocodazole complexes has exposed a deep position of benzimidazole ring into the αT5 loop. All the synthesized compounds were demonstrated modest to interesting cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. The utmost cytotoxicity has shown with an amine linker of benzimidazole-pyrimidine series, with specificity toward A549 (lung cancer) cell line. The most potent compound in this series was 18i, which inhibited cancer cell growth at micromolar concentrations ranging 2.21-7.29 µM. Flow cytometry studies disclosed that 18i inhibited the cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle. The potent antitumor activity of 18i resulted from enhanced microtubule disruption at a similar level as nocodazole on β-tubulin antibody, explored using immunofluorescence staining. The most active compound 18i also inhibited tubulin polymerization with an IC50 of 5.72 ± 0.51 µM. In vitro biological analysis of 18i presented apoptosis induction on A549 cells with triggering of ROS generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in DNA injury. In addition, 18i displayed impairment in cellular migration and inhibited the colony formation. Notably, the safety profile of most potent compound 18i was revealed by screening against normal human pulmonary epithelial cells (L132: IC50: 69.25 ± 5.95 μM). The detailed binding interactions of 18i with tubulin was investigated by employing molecular docking, superimposition and free energy analyses. Thus remarks made in this study established that pyrimidine-benzimidazole hybrids as a new class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors with significant anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Sana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Velma Ganga Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - T Srinivasa Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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Juárez-Mercado KE, Prieto-Martínez FD, Sánchez-Cruz N, Peña-Castillo A, Prada-Gracia D, Medina-Franco JL. Expanding the Structural Diversity of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010017. [PMID: 33375520 PMCID: PMC7824300 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are attractive compounds for epigenetic drug discovery. They are also chemical tools to understand the biochemistry of epigenetic processes. Herein, we report five distinct inhibitors of DNMT1 characterized in enzymatic inhibition assays that did not show activity with DNMT3B. It was concluded that the dietary component theaflavin is an inhibitor of DNMT1. Two additional novel inhibitors of DNMT1 are the approved drugs glyburide and panobinostat. The DNMT1 enzymatic inhibitory activity of panobinostat, a known pan inhibitor of histone deacetylases, agrees with experimental reports of its ability to reduce DNMT1 activity in liver cancer cell lines. Molecular docking of the active compounds with DNMT1, and re-scoring with the recently developed extended connectivity interaction features approach, led to an excellent agreement between the experimental IC50 values and docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Eurídice Juárez-Mercado
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (K.E.J.-M.); (F.D.P.-M.); (N.S.-C.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Fernando D. Prieto-Martínez
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (K.E.J.-M.); (F.D.P.-M.); (N.S.-C.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Norberto Sánchez-Cruz
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (K.E.J.-M.); (F.D.P.-M.); (N.S.-C.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Andrea Peña-Castillo
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (K.E.J.-M.); (F.D.P.-M.); (N.S.-C.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Diego Prada-Gracia
- Research Unit on Computational Biology and Drug Design, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (K.E.J.-M.); (F.D.P.-M.); (N.S.-C.); (A.P.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Hydroxamic acid hybrids as the potential anticancer agents: An Overview. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dual inhibitors of histone deacetylases and other cancer-related targets: A pharmacological perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114224. [PMID: 32956642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic enzymes histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated anticancer drug targets which have been studied intensively in the past few decades. Although several drugs have been approved in this field, they are still limited to a subset of hematological malignancies (in particular T-cell lymphomas), with therapeutic potential not fully realized and the drug-resistance occurred after a certain period of use. To maximize the therapeutic potential of these classes of anticancer drugs, and to extend their application to solid tumors, numerous combination therapies containing an HDACi and an anticancer agent from other mechanisms are currently ongoing in clinical trials. Recently, dual targeting strategy comprising the HDACs component has emerged as an alternative approach for combination therapies. In this perspective, we intend to gather all HDACs-containing dual inhibitors related to cancer therapy published in literature since 2015, classify them into five categories based on targets' biological functions, and discuss the rationale why dual acting agents should work better than combinatorial therapies using two separate drugs. The article discusses the pharmacological aspects of these dual inhibitors, including in vitro biological activities, pharmacokinetic studies, in vivo efficacy studies, as well as available clinical trials. The review of the current status and advances should provide better analysis for future opportunities and challenges of this field.
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Zhang B, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Wang N, Jin H, Liu F, Zhang C, He S. Synthesis and Anticancer Research of
N
‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzamide Acridine Derivatives as Dual Topoisomerase I and Isoform‐Selective HDAC Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qiting Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Zedong Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haixiao Jin
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shan He
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
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25
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel histone deacetylase1/2 (HDAC1/2) and cyclin-dependent Kinase2 (CDK2) dual inhibitors against malignant cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112322. [PMID: 32361064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel histone deacetylase1/2 (HDAC1/2) and cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2) dual inhibitors by integrating purine-based pharmacophore into the recognition cap group of CS055. The representative compound 14d with excellent antiproliferative activities towards five solid cancer cells, showed potent inhibitory activities against HDAC1, HDAC2 and CDK2 with IC50 values of 70.7 nM, 23.1 nM and 0.80 μM, respectively. Besides, compound 14d could effectively block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis, which might be related to increasing intracellular ROS levels. Importantly, compound 14d exhibited desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties with the intraperitoneal bioavailability of 50.8% in ICR mice, and potent in vivo antitumor activity in the HCT116 xenograft model. Therefore, compound 14d could be considered as a promising lead compound for the development of multitargeting anticancer agents.
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26
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Sultana F, Manasa KL, Shaik SP, Bonam SR, Kamal A. Zinc Dependent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapeutics: Recent Update. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7212-7280. [PMID: 29852860 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180530094120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are an important class of enzymes that play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression that modifies the terminal of core histones leading to remodelling of chromatin topology and thereby controlling gene expression. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) counter this action and can result in hyperacetylation of histones, thereby inducing an array of cellular consequences such as activation of apoptotic pathways, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Hence, there is a growing interest in the potential clinical use of HDAC inhibitors as a new class of targeted cancer therapeutics. Methodology and Result: Several research articles spanning between 2016 and 2017 were reviewed in this article and presently offer critical insights into the important strategies such as structure-based rational drug design, multi-parameter lead optimization methodologies, relevant SAR studies and biology of various class of HDAC inhibitors, such as hydroxamic acids, benzamides, cyclic peptides, aliphatic acids, summarising the clinical trials and results of various combination drug therapy till date. CONCLUSION This review will provide a platform to the synthetic chemists and biologists to cater the needs of both molecular targeted therapy and combination drug therapy to design and synthesize safe and selective HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faria Sultana
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Kesari Lakshmi Manasa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Siddiq Pasha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
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27
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel phthalazinone acridine derivatives as dual PARP and Topo inhibitors for potential anticancer agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Tomaselli D, Lucidi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Epigenetic polypharmacology: A new frontier for epi-drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:190-244. [PMID: 31218726 PMCID: PMC6917854 DOI: 10.1002/med.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, despite the great success achieved by the so-called "magic bullets" in the treatment of different diseases through a marked and specific interaction with the target of interest, the pharmacological research is moving toward the development of "molecular network active compounds," embracing the related polypharmacology approach. This strategy was born to overcome the main limitations of the single target therapy leading to a superior therapeutic effect, a decrease of adverse reactions, and a reduction of potential mechanism(s) of drug resistance caused by robustness and redundancy of biological pathways. It has become clear that multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders, may require more complex therapeutic approaches hitting a certain biological system as a whole. Concerning epigenetics, the goal of the multi-epi-target approach consists in the development of small molecules able to simultaneously and (often) reversibly bind different specific epi-targets. To date, two dual histone deacetylase/kinase inhibitors (CUDC-101 and CUDC-907) are in an advanced stage of clinical trials. In the last years, the growing interest in polypharmacology encouraged the publication of high-quality reviews on combination therapy and hybrid molecules. Hence, to update the state-of-the-art of these therapeutic approaches avoiding redundancy, herein we focused only on multiple medication therapies and multitargeting compounds exploiting epigenetic plus nonepigenetic drugs reported in the literature in 2018. In addition, all the multi-epi-target inhibitors known in literature so far, hitting two or more epigenetic targets, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
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29
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of belinostat analogs as histone deacetylase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2765-2778. [PMID: 31702394 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an attractive target for antitumor therapy. Therefore, the development of novel HDAC inhibitors is warranted. Materials & methods: A series of HDAC inhibitors based on N-hydroxycinnamamide fragment was designed as the clinically used belinostat analog using amide as the connecting unit. All target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro HDAC inhibitory activities and some selected compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities. Conclusion: Among them, compound 7e showed an IC50 value of 11.5 nM in inhibiting the HDAC in a pan-HDAC assay, being the most active compound of the series.
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30
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Kumar R, Paul AM, Rameshwar P, Pillai MR. Epigenetic Dysregulation at the Crossroad of Women's Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081193. [PMID: 31426393 PMCID: PMC6721458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasingly number of women of all age groups are affected by cancer, despite substantial progress in our understanding of cancer pathobiology, the underlying genomic alterations and signaling cascades, and cellular-environmental interactions. Though our understanding of women’s cancer is far more complete than ever before, there is no comprehensive model to explain the reasons behind the increased incidents of certain reproductive cancer among older as well as younger women. It is generally suspected that environmental and life-style factors affecting hormonal and growth control pathways might help account for the rise of women’s cancers in younger age, as well, via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic regulators play an important role in orchestrating an orderly coordination of cellular signals in gene activity in response to upstream signaling and/or epigenetic modifiers present in a dynamic extracellular milieu. Here we will discuss the broad principles of epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA methylation in women’s cancers in the context of gene expression, hormonal action, and the EGFR family of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. We anticipate that a better understanding of the epigenetics of women’s cancers may provide new regulatory leads and further fuel the development of new epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Graduate Degree Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
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31
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Gaikwad N, Nanduri S, Madhavi YV. Cinnamamide: An insight into the pharmacological advances and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111561. [PMID: 31376564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cinnamamide (cinnamic acid amide and cinnamide) is a privileged scaffold present widely in a number of natural products. The scaffold acts as a useful template for designing and arriving at newly drug-like molecules with potential pharmacological activity. An attempt has been made to review the extensive occurrence of cinnamamide scaffold in many lead compounds reported for treating various diseases, their binding interactions with the therapeutic targets as well as mechanism of action and their structure-activity relationships. The discoveries of cinnamamide systems and some examples of unusual cinnamamides having an aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic or other rings condensed to the basic cinnamamide structure also have been extensively covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 40, Dilip Rd, Jinkalwada, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 40, Dilip Rd, Jinkalwada, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 40, Dilip Rd, Jinkalwada, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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32
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Ren Y, Sun Q, Yuan Z, Jiang Y. Combined inhibition of HDAC and DNMT1 induces p85α/MEK-mediated cell cycle arrest by dual target inhibitor 208 in U937 cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Stazi G, Fioravanti R, Mai A, Mattevi A, Valente S. Histone deacetylases as an epigenetic pillar for the development of hybrid inhibitors in cancer. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 50:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Yuan Z, Chen S, Gao C, Dai Q, Zhang C, Sun Q, Lin JS, Guo C, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Development of a versatile DNMT and HDAC inhibitor C02S modulating multiple cancer hallmarks for breast cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:200-208. [PMID: 30901675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNMT and HDAC are closely related to each other and involved in various human diseases especially cancer. These two enzymes have been widely recognized as antitumor targets for drug discovery. Besides, research has indicated that combination therapy consisting of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors exhibited therapeutic advantages. We have reported a DNMT and HDAC dual inhibitor 15a of which the DNMT enzymatic inhibitory potency needs to be improved. Herein we reported the development of a novel dual DNMT and HDAC inhibitor C02S which showed potent enzymatic inhibitory activities against DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and HDAC1 with IC50 values of 2.05, 0.93, 1.32, and 4.16 µM, respectively. Further evaluations indicated that C02S could inhibit DNMT and HDAC at cellular levels, thereby inversing mutated methylation and acetylation and increasing expression of tumor suppressor proteins. Moreover, C02S regulated multiple biological processes including inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, inhibiting angiogenesis, blocking migration and invasion, and finally suppressing tumor cells proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Qiuzi Dai
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jin-Shun Lin
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yuzong Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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35
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Wong KK, Lawrie CH, Green TM. Oncogenic Roles and Inhibitors of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919846454. [PMID: 31105426 PMCID: PMC6509988 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919846454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alteration has been proposed to give rise to numerous classic hallmarks of cancer. Impaired DNA methylation plays a central role in the onset and progression of several types of malignancies, and DNA methylation is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) consisting of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B. DNMTs are frequently implicated in the pathogenesis and aggressiveness of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. In this review, we describe and discuss the oncogenic roles of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B in AML. The clinical response predictive roles of DNMTs in clinical trials utilising hypomethylating agents (azacitidine and decitabine) in AML patients are presented. Novel hypomethylating agent (guadecitabine) and experimental DNMT inhibitors in AML are also discussed. In summary, hypermethylation of tumour suppressors mediated by DNMT1 or DNMT3B contributes to the progression and severity of AML (except MLL-AF9 and inv(16)(p13;q22) AML for DNMT3B), while mutation affecting DNMT3A represents an early genetic lesion in the pathogenesis of AML. In clinical trials of AML patients, expression of DNMTs is downregulated by hypomethylating agents while the clinical response predictive roles of DNMT biomarkers remain unresolved. Finally, nucleoside hypomethylating agents have continued to show enhanced responses in clinical trials of AML patients, and novel non-nucleoside DNMT inhibitors have demonstrated cytotoxicity against AML cells in pre-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oncology Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tina M Green
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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36
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Leroy M, Mélin L, LaPlante SR, Medina-Franco JL, Gagnon A. Synthesis of NSC 106084 and NSC 14778 and evaluation of their DNMT inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:826-831. [PMID: 30704813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is performed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and that leads to the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the C5 position of cytosine. This transformation results in hypermethylation and silencing of genes such as tumor suppressor genes. Aberrant DNA methylation has been associated with the development of many diseases, including cancer. Inhibition of DNMTs promotes the demethylation and reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes. NSC 106084 and 14778 have been reported to inhibit DNMTs in the micromolar range. We report herein the synthesis of NSC 106084 and 14778 and the evaluation of their DNMT inhibitory activity. Our results indicate that while commercial NSC 14778 is moderately active against DNMT1, 3A/3L and 3B/3L, resynthesized NSC 14778 is inactive under our assay conditions. Resynthesized 106084 was also found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leroy
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Léa Mélin
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Steven R LaPlante
- Centre INRS-Armand Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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37
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Highly sensitive and selective “naked eye” sensing of Cu(II) by a novel acridine-based sensor both in aqueous solution and on the test kit. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Sangwan R, Rajan R, Mandal PK. HDAC as onco target: Reviewing the synthetic approaches with SAR study of their inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:620-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Li W, Sun Q, Song L, Gao C, Liu F, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Discovery of 1-(3-aryl-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(p-aryl)urea derivatives against breast cancer by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hedgehog signalings. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:721-733. [PMID: 29107429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog (Hh) signalings are two important pathways in breast cancer, which are usually connected with the drug resistance and cancer migration. Many studies indicated that PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors and Hh inhibitors displayed synergistic effects, and the combination of the two signaling drugs could delay drug resistance and inhibit cancer migration in breast cancer. Therefore, the development of molecules simultaneously inhibiting these two pathways is urgent needed. Based on the structures of PI3K inhibitor buparlisib and Hh inhibitor vismodegib, a series of hybrid structures were designed and synthesized utilizing rational drug design and computer-based drug design. Several compounds displayed excellent antiproliferative activities against several breast cancer cell lines, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the representative compound 9i could inhibit both PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog (Hh) signalings by inhibiting the phosphorylation of S6K and Akt as well as decreasing the SAG elevated expression of Gli1. Compound 9i could also induce apoptosis remarkably in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. In the transwell assay, 9i showed significant inhibition on the migration of MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Yuzong Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-amidobenzimidazole acridine derivatives as dual PARP and Topo inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1135-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yuan Z, Chen S, Sun Q, Wang N, Li D, Miao S, Gao C, Chen Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Olaparib hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual PARP and HDAC inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4100-4109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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