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Natarajan R, Kumar P, Subramani A, Siraperuman A, Angamuthu P, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. A Critical Review on Therapeutic Potential of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Privileged Scaffold. Med Chem 2024; 20:311-351. [PMID: 37946342 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064253813231025093707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole nucleus is a predominant heterocycle displaying a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. The privileged nature of the benzimidazole scaffold has been revealed by its presence in most small molecule drugs and in its ability to bind multiple receptors with high affinity. A literature review of the scaffold reveals several instances where structural modifications of the benzimidazole core have resulted in high-affinity lead compounds against a variety of biological targets. Hence, this structural moiety offers opportunities to discover novel, better, safe and highly potent biological agents. The goal of the present review is to compile the medicinal properties of benzimidazole derivatives with a focus on SAR (Structure-Activity Relationships).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalakshmi Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Padma Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Arunkumar Subramani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, lndia
| | - Amuthalakshmi Siraperuman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Prabakaran Angamuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, lndia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAE
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur 522212, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
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Laxmikeshav K, Sayali M, Devabattula G, Valapil DG, Mahale A, Sharma P, George J, Phanindranath R, Godugu C, Kulkarni OP, Nagesh N, Shankaraiah N. Triazolo-linked benzimidazoles as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and DNA intercalators: Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200449. [PMID: 36807372 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple "click" protocol was employed in the quest of synthesizing 1,2,3-triazole-linked benzimidazoles as promising anticancer agents on various human cancer cell lines such as A549, HCT116, SK-Mel-28, HT-29, and MCF-7. Compound 12j demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential towards SK-Mel-28 cancer cells (IC50 : 4.17 ± 0.09 µM) and displayed no cytotoxicity (IC50 : > 100 µM) against normal human BEAS-2B cells inferring its safety towards normal healthy cells. Further to comprehend the underlying apoptosis mechanisms, AO/EB, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed, which revealed the nuclear and morphological alterations. Compound 12j displayed impairment in cellular migration and inhibited colony formation. The annexin V binding assay and JC-1 were implemented to evaluate the scope of apoptosis and the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in SK-Mel-28 cells. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that compound 12j arrested the cells at the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. Target-based assays established the inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 12j at an IC50 value of 5.65 ± 0.05 μM and its effective binding with circulating tumor DNA as a DNA intercalator. The detailed binding interactions of 12j with tubulin and DNA were examined by docking studies on PDB ID: 3E22 and DNA hexamer (PDB ID: 1NAB), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mone Sayali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Geetanjali Devabattula
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Durgesh G Valapil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashutosh Mahale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joel George
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Regur Phanindranath
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Laxmikeshav K, Sharma P, Palepu M, Sharma P, Mahale A, George J, Phanindranath R, Dandekar MP, Kulkarni OP, Nagesh N, Shankaraiah N. Benzimidazole based bis-carboxamide derivatives as promising cytotoxic agents: Design, synthesis, in silico and tubulin polymerization inhibition. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Venugopal S, Sharma V, Anuradha M, Singh I, Singh G. DNA Intercalators as Anticancer Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:580-598. [PMID: 35822451 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prevailing disease conditions which occurs due to uncontrolled cell division either due to natural mutation to the genes or due to changes induced by physical, chemical, or biological carcinogens. According to WHO, it is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has reported 10 million deaths in 2020. Hence there arises the need for better chemotherapies and DNA intercalators are one such emerging therapy for cancer. DNA intercalating agents reversibly intercalate with the double-helical structure of DNA by interacting with adjacent base pairs and disrupting the structure of DNA and thereby causing cell death. Here we discuss the different classes of organo-intercalators used in cancer therapy describing their anticancer and intercalation ability by different methods along with their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Venugopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Mehra Anuradha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Iqubal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India
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Laxmikeshav K, Himaja A, Shankaraiah N. Exploration of benzimidazoles as potential microtubule modulators: An insight in the synthetic and therapeutic evolution. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Satija G, Sharma B, Madan A, Iqubal A, Shaquiquzzaman M, Akhter M, Parvez S, Khan MA, Alam MM. Benzimidazole based derivatives as anticancer agents: Structure activity relationship analysis for various targets. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garvit Satija
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Barkha Sharma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Anish Madan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
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Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Yadav U, Vanjari Y, Laxmikeshav K, Tokala R, Niggula PK, Kumar M, Talla V, Kamal A, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Phenanthrene Linked 2,4- Thiazolidinediones as Potential Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1127-1140. [PMID: 32664846 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200714142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize a series of phenanthrene-thiazolidinedione hybrids and explore their cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines of A-549 (lung cancer), HCT-116 and HT-29 (colon cancer), MDA MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer), BT-474 (breast cancer) and (mouse melanoma) B16F10 cells. METHODS A new series of phenanthrene-thiazolidinedione hybrids was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation of phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde and N-alkylated thiazolidinediones. The cytotoxicity (IC50) of the synthesized compounds was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic assays like (AO/EB) and DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis, JC-1 staining and Annexin V binding assay studies were performed for the most active compound (Z)- 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-((2,3,6,7-tetramethoxyphenanthren-9-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (17b). Molecular docking, dynamics and evaluation of pharmacokinetic (ADME/T) properties were also carried out by using Schrödinger. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the series of tested compounds, 17b unveiled promising cytotoxic action with an IC50 value of 0.985±0.02μM on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. The treatment of HCT-116 cells with 17b demonstrated distinctive apoptotic morphology like shrinkage of cells, horseshoe-shaped nuclei formation and chromatin condensation. The flow-cytometry analysis revealed the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in a dosedependent fashion. The AO/EB, DAPI, DCFDA, Annexin-V and JC-1 staining studies were performed in order to determine the effect of the compound on cell viability. Computational studies were performed by using Schrödinger to determine the stability of the ligand with the DNA. CONCLUSION The current study provides an insight into developing a series of phenanthrene thiazolidinedione derivatives as potential DNA interactive agents which might aid in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Yogesh Vanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Praveen K Niggula
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
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Alzhrani ZMM, Alam MM, Nazreen S. Recent advancements on Benzimidazole: A versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:365-386. [PMID: 33797365 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210331163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is nitrogen containing fused heterocycle which has been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry. Benzimidizole nucleus has been found to possess various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular and antidiabetic. A number of benzimidazoles such as bendamustine, pantoprazole have been approved for the treatment of various illnesses whereas galeterone and GSK461364 are in clinical trials. The present review article gives an overview about the different biological activities exhibited by the benzimidazole derivatives as well as different methods used for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives for the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
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Bora D, Kaushal A, Shankaraiah N. Anticancer potential of spirocompounds in medicinal chemistry: A pentennial expedition. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113263. [PMID: 33601313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spirocompounds constitute an important class of organic frameworks enveloping numerous pharmacological activities, among them, the promising anticancer potential of spirocompounds have enthused medicinal chemists to explore new spiro derivatives with significantly improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile along with their mechanism of action. The current review intends to provide a sketch of the anticancer activity of various spirocompounds like spirooxindole, spiroisoxazole, spiroindole etc, from the past five years unfolding various aspects of pharmacological activities and their structure-activity relationships (SARs). This literature analysis may provide future direction for the efficient design of novel spiromolecules with enhanced safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Anjali Kaushal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Akhtar MJ, Yar MS, Sharma VK, Khan AA, Ali Z, Haider MDR, Pathak A. Recent Progress of Benzimidazole Hybrids for Anticancer Potential. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:5970-6014. [PMID: 31393240 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190808122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the detailed account of factors leading to cancer and design strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents. The recent survey for cancer treatment in Cancer facts and figures 2017 American Chemical Society has shown progressive development in fighting cancer. Researchers all over the world in both developed and developing countries are in a continuous effort to tackle this serious concern. Benzimidazole and its derivatives showed a broad range of biological activities due to their resemblance with naturally occurring nitrogenous base i.e. purine. The review discussed benzimidazole derivatives showing anticancer properties through a different mechanism viz. intercalation, alkylating agents, topoisomerases, DHFR enzymes, and tubulin inhibitors. Benzimidazole derivatives act through a different mechanism and the substituents reported from the earlier and recent research articles are prerequisites for the synthesis of targeted based benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents. The review focuses on an easy comparison of the substituent essential for potency and selectivity through SAR presented in figures. This will further provide a better outlook or fulfills the challenges faced in the development of novel benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, NH58, Partapur Bypass Meerut-250103, India
| | - Ahsan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Zulphikar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - M D Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
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Donthiboina K, Anchi P, Gurram S, Sai Mani G, Lakshmi Uppu J, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N, Kamal A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)cinnamides as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104191. [PMID: 32891862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new series of N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl) cinnamides was prepared and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity using various cancer cell lines viz. A549 (human non-small cell lung cancer), MDA-MB-231 (human triple negative breast cancer), B16-F10 (mouse melanoma), BT-474 (human breast cancer), and 4 T1 (mouse triple negative breast cancer). In the series of tested compounds, 12h showed potent cytotoxic activity against non-small cell lung cancer cell line with IC50 value of 0.29 ± 0.02 µM. The cytoxicity of most potent compound 12h was also tested on NRK-52E (normal rat kidney epithelial cell line) and showed less cytotoxicity compared to cancer cells. Tubulin polymerization assay indicated that the compound 12h was able to impede the cell division by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Moreover, molecular docking study also suggested the binding of 12h at the colchicine-binding site of the tubulin protein. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the compound 12h arrests G2/M phase. In addition, 12h induced apoptosis in A549 cell lines was evaluated by various staining studies like acridine orange, DAPI, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin V-FITC, and DCFDA assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Donthiboina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Pratibha Anchi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Sowmyasree Gurram
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Geeta Sai Mani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Jaya Lakshmi Uppu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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13
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Loutfy SA, Elberry MH, Farroh KY, Mohamed HT, Mohamed AA, Mohamed EB, Faraag AHI, Mousa SA. Antiviral Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Curcumin Against Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4a in Human Hepatoma Cell Lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2699-2715. [PMID: 32368050 PMCID: PMC7184126 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s241702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current direct-acting antiviral agents for treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 4a (HCV-4a) have been reported to cause adverse effects, and therefore less toxic antivirals are needed. This study investigated the role of curcumin chitosan (CuCs) nanocomposite as a potential anti-HCV-4a agent in human hepatoma cells Huh7. Methods Docking of curcumin and CuCs nanocomposite and binding energy calculations were carried out. Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and CuCs nanocomposite were prepared with an ionic gelation method and characterized with TEM, zeta size and potential, and HPLC to calculate encapsulation efficiency. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on Huh7 cells using MTT assay and confirmed with cellular and molecular assays. Anti-HCV-4a activity was determined using real-time PCR and Western blot. Results The strength of binding interactions between protein ligand complexes gave scores with NS3 protease, NS5A polymerase, and NS5B polymerase of -124.91, -159.02, and -129.16, for curcumin respectively, and -68.51, -54.52, and -157.63 for CuCs nanocomposite, respectively. CuCs nanocomposite was prepared at sizes 29-39.5 nm and charges of 33 mV. HPLC detected 4% of curcumin encapsulated into CsNPs. IC50 was 8 µg/mL for curcumin and 25 µg/mL for the nanocomposite on Huh7 but was 25.8 µg/mL and 34 µg/mL on WISH cells. CsNPs had no cytotoxic effect on tested cell lines. Apoptotic genes' expression revealed the caspase-dependent pathway mechanism. CsNPs and CuCs nanocomposite demonstrated 100% inhibition of viral entry and replication, which was confirmed with HCV core protein expression. Conclusion CuCs nanocomposite inhibited HCV-4a entry and replication compared to curcumin alone, suggesting its potential role as an effective therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Elberry
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Yehia Farroh
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science,Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya A Mohamed
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - ElChaimaa B Mohamed
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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14
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Yadav U, Sakla AP, Tokala R, Nyalam ST, Khurana A, Digwal CS, Talla V, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N, Kamal A. Design and Synthesis of 5‐Morpholino‐Thiophene‐Indole/ Oxindole Hybrids as Cytotoxic Agents. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Yadav
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Akash P. Sakla
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Sai Teja Nyalam
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Chander Singh Digwal
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia, Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
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15
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Shankaraiah N, Sakla AP, Laxmikeshav K, Tokala R. Reliability of Click Chemistry on Drug Discovery: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2020; 20:253-272. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Akash P. Sakla
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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16
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Du F, Bai L, He M, Zhang WY, Gu YY, Yin H, Liu YJ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of iridium(III) complexes as potential antitumor agents. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Goud NS, Ghouse MS, Vishnu J, Pranay J, Alvala R, Talla V, Qureshi IA, Alvala M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Heterocyclic Imines Linked Coumarin- Thiazole Hybrids as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:557-566. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190207140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Human Galectin-1, a protein of lectin family showing affinity towards β-galactosides
has emerged as a critical regulator of tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating diverse biological events
including homotypic cell aggregation, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune escape. Therefore,
galectin-1 inhibitors might represent novel therapeutic agents for cancer.
Methods:
A new series of heterocyclic imines linked coumarin-thiazole hybrids (6a-6r) was synthesized and
evaluated for its cytotoxic potential against a panel of six human cancer cell lines namely, lung (A549), prostate
(DU-145), breast (MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231), colon (HCT-15 & HT-29) using MTT assay. Characteristic apoptotic
assays like DAPI staining, cell cycle, annexin V and Mitochondrial membrane potential studies were performed
for the most active compound. Furthermore, Gal-1 inhibition was confirmed by ELISA and fluorescence
spectroscopy.
Results:
Among all, compound 6g 3-(2-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene) hydrazineyl) thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-
one exhibited promising growth inhibition against HCT-15 colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 value of 1.28 ±
0.14 µM. The characteristic apoptotic morphological features like chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing
and apoptotic body formation were clearly observed with compound 6g on HCT-15 cells using DAPI staining
studies. Further, annexin V-FITC/PI assay confirmed effective early apoptosis induction by treatment with compound
6g. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced ROS generation were confirmed with JC-1
and DCFDA staining method, respectively by treatment with compound 6g, suggesting a possible mechanism
for inducing apoptosis. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis revealed that compound 6g blocked G0/G1 phase of
the cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 6g effectively reduced the levels of Gal-1 protein in a
dose-dependent manner. The binding constant (Ka) of 6g with Gal-1 was calculated from the intercept value
which was observed as 1.9 x 107 M-1 by Fluorescence spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies showed strong
interactions of compound 6g with Gal-1 protein.
Conclusion:
Our studies demonstrate the anticancer potential and Gal-1 inhibition of heterocyclic imines linked
coumarin-thiazole hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella S. Goud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mahammad S. Ghouse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Jatoth Vishnu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Jakkula Pranay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Insaf A. Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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18
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Akkoç S. Derivatives of 1‐(2‐(Piperidin‐1‐yl)ethyl)‐1
H
‐benzo[
d
]imidazole: Synthesis, Characterization, Determining of Electronic Properties and Cytotoxicity Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Akkoç
- Suleyman Demirel UniversityFaculty of PharmacyDepartment of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences 32260, Isparta/ Turkey
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19
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Chaudhary P, Gupta S, Muniyappan N, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. Regioselective Nitration of N-Alkyl Anilines using tert-Butyl Nitrite under Mild Condition. J Org Chem 2018; 84:104-119. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | | | | | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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20
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Kumar NP, Vanjari Y, Thatikonda S, Pooladanda V, Sharma P, Sridhar B, Godugu C, Kamal A, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis of enamino-2-oxindoles via conjugate addition between α-azido ketones and 3-alkenyl oxindoles: Cytotoxicity evaluation and apoptosis inducing studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3564-3573. [PMID: 30318440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for the construction of double bond between 3-ylidene oxindoles and α-azido ketones has been successfully accomplished with a mild base. This method features azido reduction with concomitant double bond formation to provide the new class of bioactive enamino-2-oxindoles. These new compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic potential on selected human cancer cell lines such as colon, lung, breast, and cervical cancer cells. Among them, representative compounds 3a, 3h, 3k, 3p, 3w and 3x showed notable cytotoxicity profile with IC50 values ranging from 1.40 ± 0.10 to 28.7 ± 0.36 µM. Compound 3k displayed most potent cytotoxicity against lung cancer (NCI-H460) cells with an IC50 value of 1.40 ± 0.10 µM. 3k also arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced distinctive apoptotic features on lung cancer cells. The apoptosis induction is supported by various cellular assays such as AO/EB, DAPI, and DCFDA staining studies including clonogenic assay. Extent of apoptosis was also analyzed by Annexin binding and JC-1 staining. Moreover, this method is amenable for the generation of a library of new class of stable bioactive enamino-2-oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niggula Praveen Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Yogesh Vanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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21
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Czarnomysy R, Surażyński A, Muszynska A, Gornowicz A, Bielawska A, Bielawski K. A novel series of pyrazole-platinum(II) complexes as potential anti-cancer agents that induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1006-1023. [PMID: 29862867 PMCID: PMC6009892 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1471687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Six novel compounds of platinum(II) with pyrazole derivatives PtPz1-PtPz6 were synthesised and characterised (PtPz1 - [Pt2N-hydroksymethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole4(berenil)2]Cl4; PtPz2 - [Pt23,5-dimethylpyrazole4(berenil)2]Cl4; PtPz3 - [Pt23,4-dimethylpyrazole4(berenil)2]Cl4; PtPz4 - [Pt2pyrazole4(berenil)2]Cl4; PtPz5- [Pt25-methylpyrazole4(berenil)2]Cl4; PtPz6 - [Pt2N-ethylpyrazole4(berenil)2]Cl4). The cytotoxic activity of these complexes against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines was determined using the MTT assay. Evaluation of apoptosis induction was done with the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. In addition, using a flow cytometer, we determined the influence of test compounds on the cell cycle and caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity. The obtained results of caspase activity were confirmed by cell imaging. Moreover, using the flow cytometer, the effects of the test compounds on mitochondrial potential change were assessed. The test results showed that novel pyrazole-platinum(II) complexes exhibited stronger anti-proliferative activity against two breast cancer cell lines than reference cisplatin. Compounds PtPz1, PtPz2, and PtPz3 with methyl substituents at the pyrazole ring showed stronger activity than pyrazole or ethylpyrazole containing complexes. Studies have shown that inhibition of cell survival occurs by arresting the G1 cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Our analysis associated with the response of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to treatment with PtPz1-PtPz6 showed that it leads the cells through the external and intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway via indirect DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Czarnomysy
- a Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Anna Muszynska
- a Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- a Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- c Department of Biotechnology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- a Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
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22
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Moszczyński-Pętkowski R, Majer J, Borkowska M, Bojarski Ł, Janowska S, Matłoka M, Stefaniak F, Smuga D, Bazydło K, Dubiel K, Wieczorek M. Synthesis and characterization of novel classes of PDE10A inhibitors - 1H-1,3-benzodiazoles and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:96-116. [PMID: 29870883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
New compounds containing [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyridine (I), pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyridine (II), 1H-1,3-benzodiazole (III) and imidazo [1,2-a]pyrimidine (IV) backbones were designed and synthesized for PDE10A interaction. Among these compounds, 1H-1,3-benzodiazoles and imidazo [1,2-a]pyrimidines showed the highest affinity for PDE10A enzyme as well as good metabolic stability. Both classes of compounds were identified as selective and potent PDE10A enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Majer
- Celon Pharma S.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borkowska
- Celon Pharma S.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bojarski
- Celon Pharma S.A., Innovative Drugs Research and Development Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Sylwia Janowska
- Celon Pharma S.A., Innovative Drugs Research and Development Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Matłoka
- Celon Pharma S.A., Innovative Drugs Research and Development Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Filip Stefaniak
- Celon Pharma S.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Damian Smuga
- Celon Pharma S.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bazydło
- Celon Pharma S.A., Innovative Drugs Research and Development Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dubiel
- Celon Pharma S.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Celon Pharma S.A., Innovative Drugs Research and Development Department, Mokra 41a, Kiełpin, 05-092, Łomianki, Poland
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23
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Tokala R, Thatikonda S, Sana S, Regur P, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of β-carboline-linked 2,4-thiazolidinedione hybrids: potential DNA intercalation and apoptosis-inducing studies. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of β-carboline-linked 2,4-thiazolidinedione hybrids was synthesized and studied for their DNA affinities and cytotoxicities. The most potent compound was 19e with IC50 of 0.97 ± 0.13 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | - Sravani Sana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | | | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
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