1
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Chen X, Leyendecker S. Kinematic analysis of kinases and their oncogenic mutations - Kinases and their mutation kinematic analysis. Mol Inform 2024; 43:e202300250. [PMID: 38850084 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases are crucial cellular enzymes that facilitate the transfer of phosphates from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to their substrates, thereby regulating numerous cellular activities. Dysfunctional kinase activity often leads to oncogenic conditions. Chosen by using structural similarity to 5UG9, we selected 79 crystal structures from the PDB and based on the position of the phenylalanine side chain in the DFG motif, we classified these 79 crystal structures into 5 group clusters. Our approach applies our kinematic flexibility analysis (KFA) to explore the flexibility of kinases in various activity states and examine the impact of the activation loop on kinase structure. KFA enables the rapid decomposition of macromolecules into different flexibility regions, allowing comprehensive analysis of conformational structures. The results reveal that the activation loop of kinases acts as a "lock" that stabilizes the active conformation of kinases by rigidifying the adjacent α-helices. Furthermore, we investigate specific kinase mutations, such as the L858R mutation commonly associated with non-small cell lung cancer, which induces increased flexibility in active-state kinases. In addition, through analyzing the hydrogen bond pattern, we examine the substructure of kinases in different states. Notably, active-state kinases exhibit a higher occurrence of α-helices compared to inactive-state kinases. This study contributes to the understanding of biomolecular conformation at a level relevant to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Chen
- Institute of Applied Dynamics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Leyendecker
- Institute of Applied Dynamics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Sharma V, Chander Sharma P, Reang J, Yadav V, Kumar Tonk R, Majeed J, Sharma K. Impact of GSK-3β and CK-1δ on Wnt signaling pathway in alzheimer disease: A dual target approach. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107378. [PMID: 38643562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enigmatic neurological illness that offers few treatment options. Recent exploration has highlighted the crucial connection of the Wnt signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. The present study focuses on the dual targeting of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ) within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway as a possible technique for AD intervention. GSK-3β and CK-1δ are multifunctional kinases known for their roles in tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid processing, and synaptic dysfunction, all of which are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are intricately linked to Wnt signaling, which plays a pivotal part in sustaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway in AD contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms by which GSK-3β and CK-1δ impact the Wnt signaling pathway, elucidating their roles in AD pathogenesis. We discuss the potential of small-molecule inhibitors along with their SAR studies along with the multi-targetd approach targeting GSK-3β and CK-1δ to modulate Wnt signaling and mitigate AD-related pathology. In summary, the dual targeting of GSK-3β and CK-1δ within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway presents an innovative and promising avenue for future AD therapies, offering new hope for patients and caregivers in the quest to combat this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | | | - Jurnal Reang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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3
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Wu X, Ze X, Qin S, Zhang B, Li X, Gong Q, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydroacridin Hybrids with Sulfur-Inserted Linkers as Potential Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:1782. [PMID: 38675602 PMCID: PMC11051924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that can lead to the loss of cognitive function. The progression of AD is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and their associated targets. Therefore, multitarget strategies theoretically have greater potential for treating AD. In this work, a series of new hybrids were designed and synthesized by the hybridization of tacrine (4, AChE: IC50 = 0.223 μM) with pyrimidone compound 5 (GSK-3β: IC50 = 3 μM) using the cysteamine or cystamine group as the connector. The biological evaluation results demonstrated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). The optimal compound 18a possessed potent dual AChE/GSK-3β inhibition (AChE: IC50 = 0.047 ± 0.002 μM, GSK-3β: IC50 = 0.930 ± 0.080 μM). Further molecular docking and enzymatic kinetic studies revealed that this compound could occupy both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE. The results also showed a lack of toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations of up to 25 μM. Collectively, this work explored the structure-activity relationships of novel tetrahydroacridin hybrids with sulfur-inserted linkers, providing a reference for the further research and development of new multitarget anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
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5
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He J, Tam KY. Dual-target inhibitors of cholinesterase and GSK-3β to modulate Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103914. [PMID: 38340951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects over 55 million patients worldwide. Most of the approved small-molecule drugs for AD have been designed to tackle a single pathological hallmark, such as cholinergic dysfunction or amyloid toxicity, and thus may not fully address the multifactorial nature of the disease. Inhibition of both cholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has emerged as a promising strategy to modulate AD. However, the dual inhibition of these two targets posts challenges in molecular design: issues related to target engagements and biopharmaceutical properties in particular must be overcome. In this review, we discuss the physiopathological roles and structures of cholinesterase and GSK-3β as well as recently reported dual-target inhibitors. We critically evaluate the current status of the discovery of dual-target inhibitors of cholinesterase and GSK-3β, and highlight further perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu He
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau SAR, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau SAR, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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6
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Cheng Z, Han T, Yao J, Wang K, Dong X, Yu F, Huang H, Han M, Liao Q, He S, Lyu W, Li Q. Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3β for Alzheimer's disease: Recent advances and future Prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116065. [PMID: 38160617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Senile plaques induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) abnormal aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) caused by tau hyperphosphorylation are important pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a conserved kinase; one member GSK-3β is highly expressed in the AD brain and involved in the formation of NFT. Hence, pharmacologically inhibiting GSK-3β activity and expression is a good approach to treat AD. As summarized in this article, multiple GSK-3β inhibitors has been comprehensively summarized over recent five years. However, only lithium carbonate and Tideglusib have been studied in clinical trials of AD. Besides ATP-competitive and non-ATP-competitive inhibitors, peptide inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors and other types of inhibitors have gradually attracted more interest. Moreover, considering the close relationship between GSK-3β and other targets involved in cholinergic hypothesis, Aβ aggregation hypothesis, tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, oxidative stress hypothesis, neuro-inflammation hypothesis, etc., diverse multifunctional molecules and multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) have also been disclosed. We hope that these recent advances and critical perspectives will facilitate the discovery of safe and effective GSK-3β inhibitors for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyue Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Yao
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Vaaland IC, López Ó, Puerta A, Fernandes MX, Padrón JM, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Sydnes MO, Lindbäck E. Investigation of the enantioselectivity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase upon inhibition by tacrine-iminosugar heterodimers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:349-360. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2150762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Caroline Vaaland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel X. Fernandes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Magne O. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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8
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Kappenberg YG, Nogara PA, Stefanello FS, Delgado CP, Rocha JBT, Zanatta N, Martins MAP, Bonacorso HG. 1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-b]aminoquinolines: Design, synthesis, structure, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity, and molecular docking of novel modified tacrines. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106704. [PMID: 37453239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient [4 + 2] cyclization protocol to synthesize a series of twelve examples of 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]aminoquinolines (5) as novel structurally modified tacrines was obtained by reacting readily accessible precursors (i.e., 3-alky(aryl)-5-amino-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitriles (3)) and selected cycloalkanones (4) of five-, six-, and seven-membered rings. We evaluated the AChE and BChE inhibitory activity of the novel modified tacrines 5, and the compound derivatives from cyclohexanone (4b) showed the best AChE and BChE inhibitory activities. Specifically, 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]aminoquinolines 5bb obtained from 3-methyl-carbonitrile (3b) showed the highest AChE (IC50 = 12.01 μM), while 5ib from 3-sulfonamido-carbonitrile (3i) was the most significant inhibitor for BChE (IC50 = 1.78 μM). In general, the inhibitory potency of compound 5 was weaker than the pure tacrine reference, and our findings may help to design and develop novel anticholinesterase drugs based on modified tacrines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri G Kappenberg
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 - Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Instituto Federal Sul-Rio-Grandense (IFSul), 96418-400- Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Stefanello
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cássia P Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 - Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 - Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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9
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Singh A, Singh K, Kaur J, Kaur R, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kaur U, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Diversity of 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Drug Development: Design Strategies, Structural Insights, and Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3291-3317. [PMID: 37683129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a most prevalent form of dementia all around the globe and currently poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system. Currently available drugs only slow the progression of this disease rather than provide proper containment. Identification of multiple targets responsible for this disease in the last three decades established it as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that needs novel multifunctional agents for its management and the possible reason for the failure of currently available single target clinical drugs. 1,2,3-Triazole is a miraculous nucleus in medicinal chemistry and the first choice for development of multifunctional hybrid molecules. Apart from that, it is an integral component of various drugs in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and 1,2,3-triazole containing derivatives developed in recent decades as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The review will provide (A) precise insight of various established targets of Alzheimer's disease including cholinergic, amyloid, tau, monoamine oxidases, glutamate, calcium, and reactive oxygen species hypothesis and (B) design hypothesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological outcomes of 1,2,3-triazole containing multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents. This review will provide a baseline for various research groups working on Alzheimer's drug development in designing potent, safer, and effective multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's candidates of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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10
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Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Li Q, Qi S, Liang J, Tian Y, He S, Liao Q, Xing S, Han L, Chen X. Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110623. [PMID: 37451665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole scaffolds, a series of 5-membered heterocycles, are well known for their high efficacy, low toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms. Triazole, as an aromatic group with three nitrogen atoms, forms polar and non-polar interactions with diverse key residues in the receptor-ligand binding procedure, and has been widely used in the molecular design in the development of anti-AD agents. Moreover, considering the simple synthesis approaches, triazole scaffolds are commonly used to link two pharmacodynamic groups in one chemical molecule, forming multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Furthermore, the click reaction between azide- and cyano-modified enzyme and ligand provides feasibility for the new modulator discovery, compound tissue distribution evaluation, enzyme localization, and pharmacological mechanism study, promoting the diagnosis of AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Junrong Technology Transfer Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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12
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Zhan F, Zhu J, Xie S, Xu J, Xu S. Advances of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115338. [PMID: 37037138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have garnered considerable interest due to their high substrate selectivity and less restrictive reaction conditions. During recent decades, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have emerged as powerful tools in drug development. This review describes the current applications of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in compound library building mediated by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and in situ click chemistry or conjunction with other techniques; druggability optimization with 1,2,3-triazole groups; and intracellular self-assembly platforms with ring tension reactions, which are presented from the viewpoint of drug development. There is a reasonable prospect that bioorthogonal coupling reactions will accelerate the screening of lead compounds, the designing strategies of small molecules and expand the variety of designed compounds, which will be a new trend in drug development in the future.
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13
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Martins MM, Branco PS, Ferreira LM. Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect in Alzheimer's Disease Drugs: The role of Polypharmacology and Cholinesterase inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Margarida Martins
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| | - Paula S. Branco
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
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14
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Gulati HK, Kumar N, Sharma A, Jyoti, Khanna A, Sharma S, Salwan R, Bedi PMS. A comprehensive review on Triazole based Conjugates as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Synthesis, Biological Activity, Structure Activity Relationships, Molecular Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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15
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Liu W, Tian L, Wu L, Chen H, Wang N, Liu X, Zhao C, Wu Z, Jiang X, Wu Q, Xu Z, Liu W, Zhao Q. Discovery of novel β-carboline-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as AChE/GSK-3β dual inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Ramesh M, Govindaraju T. Multipronged diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13657-13689. [PMID: 36544728 PMCID: PMC9710308 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a major contributor to dementia cases worldwide. AD is clinically characterized by learning, memory, and cognitive deficits. The accumulation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau are the pathological hallmarks of AD and are explored as targets for clinical diagnosis and therapy. AD pathology is poorly understood and there are no fully approved diagnosis and treatments. Notwithstanding the gap, decades of research in understanding disease mechanisms have revealed the multifactorial nature of AD. As a result, multipronged and holistic approaches are pertinent to targeting multiple biomarkers and targets for developing effective diagnosis and therapeutics. In this perspective, recent developments in Aβ and tau targeted diagnostic and therapeutic tools are discussed. Novel indirect, combination, and circulating biomarkers as potential diagnostic targets are highlighted. We underline the importance of multiplexing and multimodal detection of multiple biomarkers to generate biomarker fingerprints as a reliable diagnostic strategy. The classical therapeutics targeting Aβ and tau aggregation pathways are described with bottlenecks in the strategy. Drug discovery efforts targeting multifaceted toxicity involving protein aggregation, metal toxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and neuroinflammation are highlighted. Recent efforts focused on multipronged strategies to rationally design multifunctional modulators targeting multiple pathological factors are presented as future drug development strategies to discover potential therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru Karnataka 560064 India
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17
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Alzheimer's disease: Updated multi-targets therapeutics are in clinical and in progress. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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da Silva Mesquita R, Kyrylchuk A, Cherednichenko A, Costa Sá IS, Macedo Bastos L, Moura Araújo da Silva F, Saraiva Nunomura RDC, Grafov A. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Cholinesterase Inhibition by Alkaloids Obtained from Branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103138. [PMID: 35630611 PMCID: PMC9144276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural products known as ethnobotanicals that have attracted increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, cholinesterase inhibitors were obtained from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler (Menispermaceae), an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Five alkaloids were isolated, and their structure was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, and high-resolution MS: Lindoldhamine isomer m/z 569.2674 (1), stepharine m/z 298.1461 (2), palmatine m/z 352.1616 (3), 5-N-methylmaytenine m/z 420.2669 (4) and the N-trans-feruloyltyramine m/z 314.1404 (5). The compounds 1, 3, and 5 were isolated from A. panurensis for the first time. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes was investigated in silico by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE and BChE enzymes. The compounds 1–4 demonstrated in vitro an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values in the range of 19.55 µM to 61.24 µM. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelly da Silva Mesquita
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Andrii Kyrylchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences—NAS, 5 Murmanska Str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine;
- Chemspace LLC, Of. 1, 85 Chervonotkatska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Cherednichenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia;
- Institute of High Technologies, T. Shevchenko National University, 4-g Prosp. Glushkova, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ingrity Suelen Costa Sá
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Lílian Macedo Bastos
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Saraiva Nunomura
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-94150-221
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19
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Przybyłowska M, Dzierzbicka K, Kowalski S, Demkowicz S, Daśko M, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-phosphorylated and O-phosphorylated tacrine derivatives as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1012-1022. [PMID: 35361039 PMCID: PMC8979514 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2045591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we designed, synthesised and biologically investigated a novel series of 14 N- and O-phosphorylated tacrine derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents. In the reaction of 9-chlorotacrine and corresponding diamines/aminoalkylalcohol we obtained diamino and aminoalkylhydroxy tacrine derivatives. Next, the compounds were acid to give final products 6–13 and 16–21 that were characterised by 1H, 13 C, 31 P NMR and MS. The results of the docking studies revealed that the designed phosphorus hybrids, in theory can bind to AChE and BChE. All compounds exhibited significantly lower AutoDock Vina scores compared to tacrine. The inhibitory potency evaluation was performed using the Ellman’s method. The most inhibitory activity against AChE exhibited compound 8 with an IC50 value of 6.11 nM and against BChE 13 with an IC50 value of 1.97 nM and they were 6- and 12-fold potent than tacrine. Compound 19 showed the lack of hepatocytotoxicity in MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Przybyłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Da Silva O, Probst N, Landry C, Hanak AS, Warnault P, Coisne C, Calas AG, Gosselet F, Courageux C, Gastellier AJ, Trancart M, Baati R, Dehouck MP, Jean L, Nachon F, Renard PY, Dias J. A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4649-4666. [PMID: 35255209 PMCID: PMC8958973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent events demonstrated that organophosphorus nerve agents are a serious threat for civilian and military populations. The current therapy includes a pyridinium aldoxime reactivator to restore the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase located in the central nervous system and neuro-muscular junctions. One major drawback of these charged acetylcholinesterase reactivators is their poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we propose to evaluate glucoconjugated oximes devoid of permanent charge as potential central nervous system reactivators. We determined their in vitro reactivation efficacy on inhibited human acetylcholinesterase, the crystal structure of two compounds in complex with the enzyme, their protective index on intoxicated mice, and their pharmacokinetics. We then evaluated their endothelial permeability coefficients with a human in vitro model. This study shed light on the structural restrains of new sugar oximes designed to reach the central nervous system through the glucose transporter located at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Da Silva
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Nicolas Probst
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Landry
- Université d'Artois (UArtois), UR 2465, LBHE Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hanak
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Pierre Warnault
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Coisne
- Université d'Artois (UArtois), UR 2465, LBHE Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - André-Guilhem Calas
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Université d'Artois (UArtois), UR 2465, LBHE Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Charlotte Courageux
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Anne-Julie Gastellier
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Marilène Trancart
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Rachid Baati
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement, et la Santé: UMR CNRS 7515 ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg - École de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Dehouck
- Université d'Artois (UArtois), UR 2465, LBHE Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - José Dias
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
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21
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Kasatkina SO, Geyl KK, Baykov SV, Novikov MS, Boyarskiy VP. “Urea to Urea” Approach: Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas Bearing Pyridyl Substituents. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana O. Kasatkina
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Kirill K. Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
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22
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Waly OM, Saad KM, El-Subbagh HI, Bayomi SM, Ghaly MA. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling simulations of new heterocyclic hybrids as multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer's agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Rullo M, Cipolloni M, Catto M, Colliva C, Miniero DV, Latronico T, de Candia M, Benicchi T, Linusson A, Giacchè N, Altomare CD, Pisani L. Probing Fluorinated Motifs onto Dual AChE-MAO B Inhibitors: Rational Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Early-ADME Studies. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3962-3977. [PMID: 35195417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioisosteric H/F or CH2OH/CF2H replacement was introduced in coumarin derivatives previously characterized as dual AChE-MAO B inhibitors to probe the effects on both inhibitory potency and drug-likeness. Along with in vitro screening, we investigated early-ADME parameters related to solubility and lipophilicity (Sol7.4, CHI7.4, log D7.4), oral bioavailability and central nervous system (CNS) penetration (PAMPA-HDM and PAMPA-blood-brain barrier (BBB) assays, Caco-2 bidirectional transport study), and metabolic liability (half-lives and clearance in microsomes, inhibition of CYP3A4). Both specific and nonspecific tissue toxicities were determined in SH-SY5Y and HepG2 lines, respectively. Compound 15 bearing a -CF2H motif emerged as a water-soluble, orally bioavailable CNS-permeant potent inhibitor of both human AChE (IC50 = 550 nM) and MAO B (IC50 = 8.2 nM, B/A selectivity > 1200). Moreover, 15 behaved as a safe and metabolically stable neuroprotective agent, devoid of cytochrome liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Giacchè
- TES Pharma s.r.l., Corso Vannucci 47, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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24
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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25
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Pourabdi L, Küçükkılınç TT, Khoshtale F, Ayazgök B, Nadri H, Farokhi Alashti F, Forootanfar H, Akbari T, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A, Sharifzadeh M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Abaee MS, Firoozpour L, Khoobi M, Mojtahedi MM. Synthesis of New 3-Arylcoumarins Bearing N-Benzyl Triazole Moiety: Dual Lipoxygenase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors With Anti-Amyloid Aggregation and Neuroprotective Properties Against Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Chem 2022; 9:810233. [PMID: 35127652 PMCID: PMC8812461 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.810233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of coumarin derivatives linked to the N-benzyl triazole group were synthesized and evaluated against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), and acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) to find the most potent derivative against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most of the compounds showed weak to moderate activity against ChEs. Among the most active BuChE and 15-LOX inhibitors, 8l and 8n exhibited an excellent neuroprotective effect, higher than the standard drug (quercetin) on the PC12 cell model injured by H2O2 and significantly reduced aggregation of amyloid Aβ1-42, with potencies of 1.44 and 1.79 times higher than donepezil, respectively. Compound 8l also showed more activity than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference antioxidant agent in reducing the levels of H2O2 activated by amyloid β in BV2 microglial cells. Kinetic and ligand–enzyme docking studies were also performed for better understanding of the mode of interaction between the best BuChE inhibitor and the enzyme. Considering the acceptable BuChE and 15-LOX inhibition activities as well as significant neuroprotection, and anti-amyloid aggregation activities, 8l and 8n could be considered as potential MTDLs for further modification and studies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Pourabdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Khoshtale
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beyza Ayazgök
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farid Farokhi Alashti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Saeed Abaee
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad M. Mojtahedi, ; Mehdi Khoobi, ,
| | - Mohammad M. Mojtahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad M. Mojtahedi, ; Mehdi Khoobi, ,
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26
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Evangelista TCS, López Ó, Ferreira SB, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Sydnes MO, Lindbäck E. Development of tacrine clusters as positively cooperative systems for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1659-1664. [PMID: 34294013 PMCID: PMC8317962 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1954917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four tetra-tacrine clusters where the tacrine binding units are attached to a central scaffold via linkers of variable lengths is described. The multivalent inhibition potencies for the tacrine clusters were investigated for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Two of the tacrine clusters displayed a small but significant multivalent inhibition potency in which the binding affinity of each of the tacrine binding units increased up to 3.2 times when they are connected to the central scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cristina Santos Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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27
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Oliveira de Santana QL, Santos Evangelista TC, Imhof P, Ferreira SB, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Sydnes MO, Lopéz Ó, Lindbäck E. Tacrine-sugar mimetic conjugates as enhanced cholinesterase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2322-2337. [PMID: 33645607 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02588g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have used the Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition reaction to obtain two families of bivalent heterodimers where tacrine is connected to an azasugar or iminosugar, respectively, via linkers of variable length. The heterodimers were investigated as cholinesterase inhibitors and it was found that their activity increased with the length of the linker. Two of the heterodimers were significantly stronger acetylcholinesterase inhibitors than the monomeric tacrine. Molecular modelling indicated that the longer heterodimers fitted better into the active gorge of acetylcholinesterase than the shorter counterparts and the former provided more efficient simultaneous interaction with the tryptophan residues in the catalytic anionic binding site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic binding site (PAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quelli Larissa Oliveira de Santana
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway. and Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tereza C Santos Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway. and Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Petra Imhof
- Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Computer Chemistry Center, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Óscar Lopéz
- Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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28
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Jiang X, Liu C, Zou M, Xie H, Lin T, Lyu W, Xu J, Li Y, Feng F, Sun H, Liu W. Discovery of 2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-N-(5-((1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)isonicotinamide as a potent dual AChE/GSK3β inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Significantly increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain without affecting that in intestine. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113663. [PMID: 34198150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are currently the first-line drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a short effective-window limits their therapeutic benefits. Clinical studies have confirmed that the combination of AChE inhibitors and neuroprotective agents exhibits better anti-AD effects. We have previously reported that the dual AChE/GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase 3β) modulators have both neuroprotective effects and cognitive impairment-improvement effects. In this study, we characterized a new backbone of the AChE/GSK3β inhibitor 11c. It was identified as a highly potent AChE inhibitor and was found superior to donepezil, the first-line drug for the treatment of AD. In vivo studies confirmed that 11c significantly inhibited the activity of AChE in the brain but had little effect on the activity of AChE in the intestine. This advantage of 11c was expected to reduce the peripheral side effects caused by donepezil. Furthermore, biomarker studies have shown that 11c also improved the levels of acetylcholine and synaptophysin in the brain and exhibited neuroprotective effects. Preliminary in vivo and in vitro research results underline the exciting potential of compound 11c in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Manxing Zou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huanfang Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tailiang Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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29
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Wei C, Huang J, Luo Y, Wang S, Wu S, Xing Z, Chen J. Novel amide derivatives containing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine moiety: Design, synthesis as potential nematicidal and antibacterial agents. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104857. [PMID: 33993975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To discover new nematicides, a series of novel amide derivatives containing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine moeity were designed and synthesized. Among the title compounds, compounds 3 and 27 exhibited good nematicidal activities against Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice white-tip nematode), with LC50 values against of 27.3 and 35.9 mg/L, respectively, which were superior to that of fosthiazate (45.4 mg/L). Meanwhile, the LC50 value of compound 27 against Caenorhabditis elegans was 5.7 mg/L, which was superior to that of fosthiazate (77.2 mg/L). Compound 27 not only binds well to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of nematodes, but also has a good inhibitory activity against AChE. Thus, AChE may be a potential target of compound 27 against nematodes. Unexpectedly, compound 28 exhibited excellent antibacterial activities with EC50 values of 1.2 and 3.1 mg/L against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), respectively, which were superior to those of bismerthiazol (68.6 and 77.1 mg/L) and thiodiazole copper (80.8 and 96.6 mg/L). The curative and protective activities of compound 28 against bacterial leaf blight were 37.0% and 36.8% at 50 mg/L, respectively, which were higher than those of thiodiazole copper (16.1% and 15.5%). In addition, compound 28 may inhibit the growth of Xoo by affecting the production of cell membranes and extracellular polysaccharides. Amide derivatives containing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine moeity can be used as good lead-structures to discover new nematicidal and antibacterial agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sikai Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhifu Xing
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.
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30
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Yao H, Uras G, Zhang P, Xu S, Yin Y, Liu J, Qin S, Li X, Allen S, Bai R, Gong Q, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Discovery of Novel Tacrine-Pyrimidone Hybrids as Potent Dual AChE/GSK-3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7483-7506. [PMID: 34024109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on a multitarget strategy, a series of novel tacrine-pyrimidone hybrids were identified for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluation results demonstrated that these hybrids exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The optimal compound 27g possessed excellent dual AChE/GSK-3 inhibition both in terms of potency and equilibrium (AChE: IC50 = 51.1 nM; GSK-3β: IC50 = 89.3 nM) and displayed significant amelioration on cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice and efficient reduction against phosphorylation of tau protein on Ser-199 and Ser-396 sites in glyceraldehyde (GA)-stimulated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, compound 27g exhibited eligible pharmacokinetic properties, good kinase selectivity, and moderate neuroprotection against GA-induced reduction in cell viability and neurite damage in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. The multifunctional profiles of compound 27g suggest that it deserves further investigation as a promising lead for the prospective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Giuseppe Uras
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephanie Allen
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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31
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Jankowska A, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Pawłowski M, Chłoń-Rzepa G. Multifunctional Ligands with Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitory Activity as a New Direction in Drug Research for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1731-1745. [PMID: 32338201 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to the most common forms of dementia that causes a progressive loss of brain cells and leads to memory impairment and decline of other thinking skills. There is yet no effective treatment for AD; hence, the search for new drugs that could improve memory and other cognitive functions is one of the hot research topics worldwide. Scientific efforts are also directed toward combating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, which are an integral part of the disease. Several studies have indicated that glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, GSK3β inhibition provided beneficial effects on memory improvement in multiple animal models of AD. The present review aimed to update the most recent reports on the discovery of novel multifunctional ligands with GSK3β inhibitory activity as potential drugs for the symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy of AD. Compounds with GSK3β inhibitory activity seem to be an effective pharmacological approach for treating the causes and symptoms of AD as they reduced neuroinflammation and pathological hallmarks in animal models of AD and provided relief from cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. These compounds have the potential to be used as drugs for the treatment of AD, but their precise pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, toxicological and clinical profiles need to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jankowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - GraŻyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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32
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Kumar B, Thakur A, Dwivedi AR, Kumar R, Kumar V. Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1757-1803. [PMID: 33982650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210512005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder, and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the disease. A number of hypotheses, including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein, etc., have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antagonist) are the only approved therapies for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since the last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit multiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with AD. The importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads are identified through various structure-activity relationship studies, and their drug-like characteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summarized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profiles against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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33
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De Simone A, Tumiatti V, Andrisano V, Milelli A. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A New Gold Rush in Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Multitarget Drug Discovery? J Med Chem 2020; 64:26-41. [PMID: 33346659 PMCID: PMC8016207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), like other multifactorial diseases,
is the result of a systemic breakdown of different physiological networks.
As result, several lines of evidence suggest that it could be more
efficiently tackled by molecules directed toward different dysregulated
biochemical targets or pathways. In this context, the selection of
targets to which the new molecules will be directed is crucial. For
years, the design of such multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has
been based on the selection of main targets involved in the “cholinergic”
and the “β-amyloid” hypothesis. Recently, there
have been some reports on MTDLs targeting the glycogen synthase kinase
3β (GSK-3β) enzyme, due to its appealing properties. Indeed,
this enzyme is involved in tau hyperphosphorylation, controls a multitude
of CNS-specific signaling pathways, and establishes strict connections
with several factors implicated in AD pathogenesis. In the present
Miniperspective, we will discuss the reasons behind the development
of GSK-3β-directed MTDLs and highlight some of the recent efforts
to obtain these new classes of MTDLs as potential disease-modifying
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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34
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Jiang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Huang J, Liu C, Chen Y, Liu W, Sun H, Feng F, Qu W. Rational design and biological evaluation of a new class of thiazolopyridyl tetrahydroacridines as cholinesterase and GSK-3 dual inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Liu JG, Zhao D, Gong Q, Bao F, Chen WW, Zhang H, Xu MH. Development of Bisindole-Substituted Aminopyrazoles as Novel GSK-3β Inhibitors with Suppressive Effects against Microglial Inflammation and Oxidative Neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3398-3408. [PMID: 32960565 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inactivation-centric agents with polypharmacological profiles is increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy against the multifactorial etiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this respect, a series of disubstituted aminopyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as a new class of GSK-3β inhibitors. Most of these derivatives possess GSK-3β inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the micromolar ranges, among which bisindole-substituted aminopyrazole derivative 6h displayed moderate GSK-3β inhibition (IC50 = 1.76 ± 0.19 μM), and alleviative effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial inflammation in BV-2 cells and glutamate-induced oxidative neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells. Further in vivo studies indicated that compound 6h had potent anti-inflammatory effect, by showing markedly reduced microglial activation and astrocyte proliferation in the brain of LPS-injected mice. Overall, the simultaneous modulation of 6h on multiple dysfunctions of disease network highlights this structural distinctively bisindole-substituted aminopyrazole could be a useful prototype for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents to tackle AD and other GSK-3β associated complex neurological syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Danfeng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengxia Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang L, Bharti, Kumar R, Pavlov PF, Winblad B. Small molecule therapeutics for tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease: Walking on the path of most resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112915. [PMID: 33139110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Currently there are close to 50 million people living with dementia and this figure is expected to increase to 75 million by 2030 putting a huge burden on the economy due to the health care cost. Considering the effects on quality of life of patients and the increasing burden on the economy, there is an enormous need of new disease modifying therapies to tackle this disease. The current therapies are dominated by only symptomatic treatments including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers but no disease modifying treatments exist so far. After several failed attempts to develop drugs against amyloidopathy, tau targeting approaches have been in the main focus of drug development against AD. After an overview of the tauopathy in AD, this review summarizes recent findings on the development of small molecules as therapeutics targeting tau modification, aggregation, and degradation, and tau-oriented multi-target directed ligands. Overall, this work aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of small molecules which are being explored as a lead candidate for discovering drugs against tauopathy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pavel F Pavlov
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
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da Silva Mesquita R, Kyrylchuk A, Costa de Oliveira R, Costa Sá IS, Coutinho Borges Camargo G, Soares Pontes G, Moura Araújo da Silva F, Saraiva Nunomura RDC, Grafov A. Alkaloids of Abuta panurensis Eichler: In silico and in vitro study of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239364. [PMID: 32991579 PMCID: PMC7523975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products obtained from species of the genus Abuta (Menispermaceae) are known as ethnobotanicals that are attracting increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, the alkaloids stepharine and 5-N-methylmaytenine were first isolated from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler, an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Structure of the compounds was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS and HRMS spectrometric techniques. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase enzyme and interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 was investigated in silico by molecular docking. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE enzyme, IL-6, and IL-8 showing affinity towards the proteins. Along with the theoretical study, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activity of the compounds were assessed by in vitro assays. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition, the IC50 values of 61.24μM for stepharine and 19.55μM for 5-N-methylmaytenine were found. The compounds showed cytotoxic activity against two tumor cell lines (K562 and U937) with IC50 values ranging from 11.77 μM to 28.48 μM. The in vitro assays revealed that both alkaloids were non-toxic to Vero and human PBMC cells. As for the immunomodulatory activity, both compounds inhibited the production of IL-6 at similar levels. Stepharine inhibited considerably the production of IL-8 in comparison to 5-N-methylmaytenine, which showed a dose dependent action (inhibitory at the IC50 dose, and stimulatory at the twofold IC50 one). Such a behavior may possibly be explained by different binding modes of the alkaloids to the interleukin structural fragments. Occurrence of the polyamine alkaloid 5-N-methylmaytenine was reported for the first time for the Menispermaceae family, as well as the presence of stepharine in A. panurensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrii Kyrylchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Analytical Center –Multidisciplinary Support Center (CAM), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zagórska A, Jaromin A. Perspectives for New and More Efficient Multifunctional Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3337. [PMID: 32717806 PMCID: PMC7435667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts at every level, globally, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical mechanisms of this devastating neurodegenerative disease are not yet clearly understood. This review analyses the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery for AD as a versatile toolbox for a polypharmacological approach to AD. Herein, we highlight major targets associated with AD, ranging from acetylcholine esterase (AChE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, monoamine oxidases (MAOs), metal ions in the brain, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, the third subtype of histamine receptor (H3 receptor), to phosphodiesterases (PDEs), along with a summary of their respective relationship to the disease network. In addition, a multitarget strategy for AD is presented, based on reported milestones in this area and the recent progress that has been achieved with multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs). Finally, the latest publications referencing the enlarged panel of new biological targets for AD related to the microglia are highlighted. However, the question of how to find meaningful combinations of targets for an MTDLs approach remains unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
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Paul R, Dutta D, Paul R, Dash J. Target-Directed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition for Assembling HIV-1 TAR RNA Binding Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12407-12411. [PMID: 32329147 PMCID: PMC7687225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved HIV-1 transactivation response element (TAR) binds to the trans-activator protein Tat and facilitates viral replication in its latent state. The inhibition of Tat-TAR interactions by selectively targeting TAR RNA has been used as a strategy to develop potent antiviral agents. Therefore, HIV-1 TAR RNA represents a paradigmatic system for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we have employed biotin-tagged TAR RNA to assemble its own ligands from a pool of reactive azide and alkyne building blocks. To identify the binding sites and selectivity of the ligands, the in situ cycloaddition has been further performed using control nucleotide (TAR DNA and TAR RNA without bulge) templates. The hit triazole-linked thiazole peptidomimetic products have been isolated from the biotin-tagged target templates using streptavidin beads. The major triazole lead generated by the TAR RNA presumably binds in the bulge region, shows specificity for TAR RNA over TAR DNA, and inhibits Tat-TAR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Paul
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata700 032India
| | - Debasish Dutta
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata700 032India
| | - Raj Paul
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata700 032India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata700 032India
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40
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Multitarget Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Review on Emerging Target Combinations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5120230. [PMID: 32714977 PMCID: PMC7354643 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent nowadays one of the major health problems. Despite the efforts made to unveil the mechanism leading to neurodegeneration, it is still not entirely clear what triggers this phenomenon and what allows its progression. Nevertheless, it is accepted that neurodegeneration is a consequence of several detrimental processes, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, finally resulting in the loss of neuronal functions. Starting from these evidences, there has been a wide search for novel agents able to address more than a single event at the same time, the so-called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). These compounds originated from the combination of different pharmacophoric elements which endowed them with the ability to interfere with different enzymatic and/or receptor systems, or to exert neuroprotective effects by modulating proteins and metal homeostasis. MTDLs have been the focus of the latest strategies to discover a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunctions. This review is aimed at collecting the latest and most interesting target combinations for the treatment of AD, with a detailed discussion on new agents with favorable in vitro properties and on optimized structures that have already been assessed in vivo in animal models of dementia.
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Paul R, Dutta D, Paul R, Dash J. Target‐Directed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition for Assembling HIV‐1 TAR RNA Binding Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Debasish Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Raj Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
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Functional characterization of multifunctional ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114010. [PMID: 32360492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cholinergic dysfunction, provoking memory loss and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. The cholinergic hypothesis provided over the years with molecular targets for developing palliative treatments for AD, acting on the cholinergic system, namely, acetylcholinesterase and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). In our synthetic work, we used "click-chemistry" to synthesize two Multi Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) MB105 and MB118 carrying tacrine and quinuclidine scaffolds which are known for their anticholinesterase and α7 nAChR agonist activities, respectively. Both, MB105 and MB118, inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and human butyrylcholinesterase in the nanomolar range. Electrophysiological recordings on Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human α7 nAChR showed that MB105 and MB118 acted as partial agonists of the referred nicotinic receptor, albeit, with different potencies despite their similar structure. The different substitution at C-3 on the 2,3-disubstituted quinuclidine scaffold may account for the significantly lower potency of MB118 compared to MB105. Electrophysiological recordings also showed that the tacrine precursor MB320 behaved as a competitive antagonist of human α7 nAChR, in the micromolar range, while the quinuclidine synthetic precursor MB099 acted as a partial agonist. Taken all together, MB105 behaved as a partial agonist of α7 nAChR at concentrations where it completely inhibited human acetylcholinesterase activity paving the way for the design of novel MTDLs for palliative treatment of AD.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of acridone glycosides as selective BChE inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2020; 491:107977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li XS, Han YP, Xu DT, Li M, Wei WX, Liang YM. Silver Trifluoromethanesulfonate-Catalyzed Annulation of Propargylic Alcohols with 3-Methyleneisoindolin-1-one. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2626-2634. [PMID: 31880453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed formal [3 + 3] annulation of 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-one with alkynol for the synthesis of 1,5-dihydroindolizin-3(2H)-one derivatives is disclosed. The protocol allows practical synthesis of N-heterocyclic scaffolds with a broad scope of functional groups and could be efficiently scaled up to gram scale, which incarnates a potential application of this methodology. In addition, a range of chlorine anion substitution of alkenes can be constructed by adjusting the structure of the alkynol substrates with the use of TMSCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , P.R. China
| | - Dan-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Wan-Xu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P.R. China
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45
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Chen Y. Advances in the Synthesis of Methylated Products through Indirect Approaches. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early DevelopmentCardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca 43183 Gothenburg Sweden
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Barré A, Azzouz R, Gembus V, Papamicaël C, Levacher V. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Biological Activities of a Bio-Oxidizable Prodrug to Deliver Both ChEs and DYRK1A Inhibitors for AD Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:E1264. [PMID: 30939771 PMCID: PMC6479981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their side effects, cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors remain the only approved drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease patients, along with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine. In the last few years, the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has also been studied as a promising target for the development of new drugs for this pathology. In this context, and based on our previous characterization of bio-oxidizable prodrugs of potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, we envisioned a strategy involving the synthesis of a bio-oxidizable prodrug of both ChE and DYRK1A inhibitors. To this end, we fixed our interest on a known potent inhibitor of DYRK1A, namely INDY. The designed prodrug of both ChE and DYRK1A inhibitors was successfully synthesized, connecting both inhibitors by a carbonate link. This prodrug and its corresponding drug were then evaluated as ChEs and DYRK1A inhibitors. Remarkably, in vitro results were in accordance with the starting hypothesis, showing a relative inactivity of the prodrug against DYRK1A and ChEs and a potent inhibition of ChEs by the oxidized form. Molecular docking and kinetic studies of ChE inhibition by the active compound are also discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Barré
- VFP Therapies R&D; 1 rue Tesnière, 76130 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Rabah Azzouz
- VFP Therapies R&D; 1 rue Tesnière, 76130 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Vincent Gembus
- VFP Therapies R&D; 1 rue Tesnière, 76130 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Cyril Papamicaël
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Vincent Levacher
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
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