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Qian M, Sun Z, Chen X, Van Calenbergh S. Study of G protein-coupled receptors dimerization: From bivalent ligands to drug-like small molecules. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106809. [PMID: 37651896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades an increasing number of studies revealed that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are capable of forming dimers or even higher-ordered oligomers, which may modulate receptor function and act as potential drug targets. In this review, we briefly summarized the design strategy of bivalent GPCR ligands and mainly focused on how to use them to study and/or detect GPCP dimerization in vitro and in vivo. Bivalent ligands show specific properties relative to their corresponding monomeric ligands because they are able to bind to GPCR homodimers or heterodimers simultaneously. For example, bivalent ligands with optimal length of spacers often exhibited higher binding affinities for dimers compared to that of monomers. Furthermore, bivalent ligands displayed specific signal transduction compared to monovalent ligands. Finally, we give our perspective on targeting GPCR dimers from traditional bivalent ligands to more drug-like small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Li Y, Sun J, Wang X, Luo Z, Shao X, Li Y, Cao Q, Zhao S, Qian M, Chen X. Discovery and biological evaluation of cholic acid derivatives as potent TGR5 positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117418. [PMID: 37536263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, twenty-two novel cholic acid (CA) derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) using structure-based drug design (SBDD). GloSensor cAMP accumulation assay was employed to assess the functional activity and allosteric mechanism of final compounds. Biological results showed that all target compounds were able to activate the TGR5 in the cAMP formation assay. Remarkably, compound B1, selective methylation of 7-OH in CA, exhibited 5-fold higher activity for TGR5 compared to that of CA. Moreover, B1 positively modulate the functional activity of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in TGR5, indicating that B1 is a TGR5 PAM. On the other hand, 12-carbonyl derivative A1 displayed 7-fold higher potency for TGR5 relative to CA. Unexpectedly, compound A1 exhibited the same positive allosteric effect as B1, suggesting that A1 is a TGR5 PAM as well. Molecular modeling study revealed that 12-carbonyl in A1 and 12-OH in B1 formed H-bolds with the key amino acid Thr131, which are significant for TGR5 allosteric property. Taken together, we found two potent TGR5 PAMs A1 and B1 through SBDD, which could be used as lead compounds to further study TGR5 allosteric functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhijie Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Xuemei Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yingxiu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Qirong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Discovery of novel cholic acid derivatives as highly potent agonists for G protein-coupled bile acid receptor. Bioorg Chem 2021; 120:105588. [PMID: 34979448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fourteen new cholic acid (CA) derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the GloSensor cAMP accumulation assay indicated that all derivatives could activate the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Methylation of 7- and 12-hydroxyl groups in CA significantly increased TGR5 agonism for the new derivatives. For example, 7,12-dimethoxy derivative B1 exhibited 78-fold higher potency for TGR5 than the 7,12-dihydroxyl derivative A1 and 258-fold higher potency than CA itself. On the other hand, A1 positively modulated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) functional activity in TGR5, whereas B1 did not show similar activity. Molecular docking experiments indicated that A1 formed a hydrogen bond between the 12-OH and amino acid Thr131 of TGR5, which is significant for its allosteric property. However, methylation at the 12-hydroxyl group in CA (derivative B1) disrupted this pivotal H-bond. Therefore, the free 12-hydroxyl group is essential for the CA derivatives in TGR5 allosteric agonism. Overall, we discovered a highly potent TGR5 agonist, B1, which can be used as lead compound for further study.
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Qian M, Zhou K, Wu Y, Luo Z, Xiao Z, Sun J, Zeng S, Yao Y, Zhao S, Chen X. Synthesis of Bitopic Ligands as Potent Dopamine D 2 Receptor Agonists. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100681. [PMID: 34855308 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized twelve bitopic ligands as dopamine D2 receptor (D2 R) agonists. The forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay revealed that all the finial compounds are able to activate D2 R. Furthermore, bitopic ligand N-((trans)-4-(((2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)(propyl)amino)methyl)cyclo-hexyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (11 b) showed 21-fold higher potency than lead compound propyl aminoindane (2) and 17-fold higher subtype selectivity for D2 R over D4 R, indicating that the optimal length of spacer affects the D2 R functionality. Molecular modeling study exhibited that 11 b formed an electrostatic interaction and two H-bonds with amino acid Asp114, which contributes significantly to the D2 R functional activity. Taken together, we discovered a bitopic ligand 11 b as potent D2 R agonist, which may be used as a tool compound for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Kuo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhekai Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
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