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Arfeen M, Srivastava A, Srivastava N, Khan RA, Almahmoud SA, Mohammed HA. Design, classification, and adverse effects of NSAIDs: A review on recent advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117899. [PMID: 39217686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, type II diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been a cornerstone in the management of various inflammatory, pain, and fever-related conditions. As a result, NSAIDs have found their applications in new therapeutic areas. NSAIDs are known to act by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. In recent years, new strategies have been proposed to counter inflammation and develop safer COX inhibitors. This review discusses the design of new COX inhibitors, the derivatization of conventional NSAIDs, and their biological applications. The review also presents an integrated classification of NSAIDs incorporating both traditional chemical-based and function-based approaches, including a brief overview of the NSAIDs of natural origins. Additionally, the review addresses adverse effects associated with different NSAIDs, including effects associated with cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic complications emphasizing the need for the development of new and safer COX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (Pharmacy), Kanpur, UP 209305, India.
| | - Noopur Srivastava
- Six Sigma Institute of Technology and Science, Rudrapur, Uttarkhand 263153, India.
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Song JR, Wei YL, Jiang XH, Fang XY, Yang XR, Li DP. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of mogrol derivatives modified at C 24 site. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106005. [PMID: 38744383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mogrol, the aglycone of well-known sweeter mogrosides, shows potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, forty-two mogrol derivatives bearing various pharmacophores with oxygen or nitrogen atoms were designed and synthesized via structural modification at C24 site, and their anti-inflammatory activity were screened against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Compared with mogrol, most of derivatives exhibited stronger inhibition of NO production without cytotoxicity. In particular, compound B5 that contained an indole motif effectively suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6, and inhibited the expression levels of TLR4, p-p65 and iNOS proteins. Molecular docking showed that the active B5 interacted with amino acid residues of iNOS protein through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions with binding affinity value of -12.1 kcal/mol, which was much stronger than mogrol (-8.9 kcal/mol). These results suggest that derivative B5 is a promising anti-inflammatory molecule and the strategy of hybridizing indole skeleton on mogrol is worthy for further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China.
| | - Yu-Lu Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xue-Rong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Dian-Peng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Innovative Traditional Chinese, Zhuang and Yao Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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3
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Tan S, Zou Z, Luan X, Chen C, Li S, Zhang Z, Quan M, Li X, Zhu W, Yang G. Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Pyxinol Derivatives as Inhibitors of NF-κB Activation. Molecules 2024; 29:1711. [PMID: 38675532 PMCID: PMC11052049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyxinol, an active metabolite of ginsenosides in human hepatocytes, exhibits various pharmacological activities. Here, a series of C-3 modified pyxinol derivatives was designed and virtually screened by molecular docking with the key inflammation-related proteins of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Some of the novel derivatives were synthesized to assess their effects in inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MtROS) in lipopolysaccharide-triggered RAW264.7 cells. Derivative 2c exhibited the highest NO and MtROS inhibitory activities with low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, 2c decreased the protein levels of interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 and suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling. Cellular thermal shift assays indicated that 2c could directly bind with p65 and p50 in situ. Molecular docking revealed that 2c's binding to the p65-p50 heterodimer and p50 homodimer was close to their DNA binding sites. In summary, pyxinol derivatives possess potential for development as NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.T.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (M.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.T.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (M.Q.); (X.L.)
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4
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Chen J, Chen M, Li X, Jiang T, Liu F, Yang X, Sun Y, Zhu Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Isoxazole-Fused Tricyclic Quinazoline Alkaloid Derivatives via Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Propargyl-Substituted Methyl Azaarenes under Metal-Free Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062787. [PMID: 36985760 PMCID: PMC10057414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical method was developed for the convenient synthesis of isoxazole-fused tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids. This procedure accesses diverse isoxazole-fused tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids and their derivatives via intramolecular cycloaddition of methyl azaarenes with tert-butyl nitrite (TBN). In this method, TBN acts as the radical initiator and the source of N-O. Moreover, this protocol forms new C-N, C-C, and C-O bonds via sequence nitration and annulation in a one-pot process with broad substrate scope and functionalization of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of dual-target COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors for the treatment of inflammation. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Design and synthesis of hederagenin derivatives modulating STING/NF-κB signaling for the relief of acute liver injury in septic mice. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Design and synthesis of mogrol derivatives modified on A ring with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 74:128924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Novel quinoline-based derivatives: A new class of PDE4B inhibitors for adjuvant-induced arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114497. [PMID: 35660249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A total of 31 quinoline-based derivatives were designed and synthesized to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs. After the toxicity of synthetic compounds to RAW264.7 cells were evaluated in vitro, their anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production levels in the RAW264.7 cells. Among the derivatives, compound f4 had the best anti-inflammatory activity, which could reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α with corresponding IC50 values of 20.40 ± 0.94, 18.98 ± 0.21 and 23.48 ± 0.46 μM. Western blot showed that f4 could inhibit the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2. Molecular docking showed that f4 could also enter the PDE4B receptor binding pocket, and the cellular thermal shift assay method indicated that the PDE4B protein bound to f4 had increased stability. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of this compound on the PDE4B enzyme (IC50 = 0.94 ± 0.36 μM) was comparable to that of the positive drug rolipram (IC50 = 1.04 ± 0.28 μM). Finally, in vivo studies showed that f4 could improve the degree of foot swelling and knee joint pathology in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats and decrease the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the development and design of quinoline-based derivatives for anti-inflammatory applications could be considered opportunities and challenges.
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Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Agafonova NA, Perminova AN, Gerasimova NA, Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Borisevich SS, Evstigneeva NP, Zilberberg NV, Kungurov NV, Saloutin VI. Synthesis and biological evaluation of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 4-arylhydrazinylidene-isoxazoles as antifungal agents with antioxidant activity. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Goudarzi A, Ghassemzadeh M, Saeidifar M, Aghapoor K, Mohsenzadeh F, Neumüller B. In vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of [Pd(AMTTO)(PPh 3) 2]: a novel promising palladium( ii) complex. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05545c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel palladium complex based on a bioactive 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine derivative have been investigated. The Pd(ii) complex showed excellent anticancer and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Goudarzi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., 17th Km of Tehran–Karaj Highway, Tehran 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Mitra Ghassemzadeh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., 17th Km of Tehran–Karaj Highway, Tehran 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeidifar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kioumars Aghapoor
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., 17th Km of Tehran–Karaj Highway, Tehran 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Farshid Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., 17th Km of Tehran–Karaj Highway, Tehran 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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He MX, Yao Y, Ai CZ, Mo ZY, Wu YZ, Zhou Q, Pan YM, Tang HT. Electrochemically-mediated C–H functionalization of allenes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to construct tetrasubstituted furans. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We reported an electrocatalytic C–H activation method to construct novel highly functionalized tetrasubstituted furan derivatives, which uses allenes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zu-Yu Mo
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yu-Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Adesis Inc. A Universal Display company, New Castle, Delaware 19720, USA
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao-Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Cuesta SA, Meneses L. The Role of Organic Small Molecules in Pain Management. Molecules 2021; 26:4029. [PMID: 34279369 PMCID: PMC8271912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, a timeline starting at the willow bark and ending in the latest discoveries of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs will be discussed. Furthermore, the chemical features of the different small organic molecules that have been used in pain management will be studied. Then, the mechanism of different types of pain will be assessed, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and the relationship found between oxidative stress and pain. This will include obtaining insights into the cyclooxygenase action mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as ibuprofen and etoricoxib and the structural difference between the two cyclooxygenase isoforms leading to a selective inhibition, the action mechanism of pregabalin and its use in chronic neuropathic pain, new theories and studies on the analgesic action mechanism of paracetamol and how changes in its structure can lead to better characteristics of this drug, and cannabinoid action mechanism in managing pain through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism. Finally, an overview of the different approaches science is taking to develop more efficient molecules for pain treatment will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Meneses
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 Apartado, Quito 17-01-2184, Ecuador;
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