Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridinylmethylenepiperidine derivatives as potent 5-HT1F receptor agonists for migraine therapy

The 5-HT1F receptor as the target of ditans in migraine - from bench to bedside

Migraine is a leading cause of disability in more than one billion people worldwide, yet it remains universally underappreciated, even by individuals with the condition. Among other shortcomings, current treatments (often repurposed agents) have limited efficacy and potential adverse effects, leading to low treatment adherence. After the introduction of agents that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway, another new drug class, the ditans - a group of selective serotonin 5-HT_1F receptor agonists - has just reached the international market. Here, we review preclinical studies from the late 1990s and more recent clinical research that contributed to the development of the ditans and led to their approval for acute migraine treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency.

Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction as an excellent tool in the synthesis of fluoro-containing biologically important compounds

Selective introduction of a double bond motif into a multifunctional organic compound is always a big challenge. The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is one of the most reliable, simple, and stereoselective olefination methods, widely used in organic chemistry. To the best of our knowledge, no review article on the application of HWE reaction in the synthesis of fluoroorganic compounds with direct biological interest has been published in recent years. The importance of the HWE reaction should be emphasised due to its simplicity and stereoselectivity. Under mild conditions and in one step, valuable compounds can be obtained. The HWE reaction is primarily a great tool in the synthesis of fluoroolefins that are, among others, peptide bond mimetics. Therefore, it can serve as an indispensable approach to access peptide bioisosteres and, consequently, analogues of numerous enzyme inhibitors. The protocol may be utilized to obtain florinated vinylphosphonate, vinylsulfone or sulfonate derivatives, which exhibit biological activity. In this review article, we would like to summarize the HWE reaction output of the last 12 years (since 2010).