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Levshin IB, Simonov AY, Panov AA, Grammatikova NE, Alexandrov AI, Ghazy ESMO, Ivlev VA, Agaphonov MO, Mantsyzov AB, Polshakov VI. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Series of New Hybrid Amide Derivatives of Triazole and Thiazolidine-2,4-dione. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:723. [PMID: 38931390 PMCID: PMC11206592 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of hybrid compounds with triazole and thiazolidine nuclei connected by a linker has been synthesized and extensively studied. Various synthetic methods for the target compounds have been tested. A microbiological assessment of the obtained compounds was carried out on strains of pathogenic fungi C. albicans, C. non-albicans, multidrug-resistant C. auris, Rhizopus arrhizus, Aspergillus spp. and some dermatophytes and other yeasts. The lowest obtained MIC values for target compounds lie between 0.003 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL and therefore the compounds are not inferior or several times better than commercial azole drugs. The length of the acylpiperazine linker has a limited effect on antifungal activity. Some bioisosteric analogues were tested in microbiological analysis, but turned out to be weaker than the leader in activity. The highest activity was demonstrated by a compound with para-chlorobenzylidene substituent in the thiazolidine fragment. Molecular modelling was used to predict binding modes of synthesized molecules and rationalize experimentally observed SAR. The leader compound is twice more effective in inhibiting the formation of germ tubes by Candida albicans yeast cells compared to voriconazole. An increased level of Pdr5, an azoles drug efflux pump was observed, but the increase is lower than that caused by azoles. The results can be useful for further development of more powerful and safe antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Levshin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.L.); (A.Y.S.); (N.E.G.)
| | - Alexander Yu. Simonov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.L.); (A.Y.S.); (N.E.G.)
| | - Alexey A. Panov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.L.); (A.Y.S.); (N.E.G.)
| | - Natalia E. Grammatikova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.L.); (A.Y.S.); (N.E.G.)
| | - Alexander I. Alexandrov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.A.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (M.O.A.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 17198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eslam S. M. O. Ghazy
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.A.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (M.O.A.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 17198 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Vasiliy A. Ivlev
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 17198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Michael O. Agaphonov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.A.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Alexey B. Mantsyzov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.M.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Vladimir I. Polshakov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.M.); (V.I.P.)
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2
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Balaes T, Marandis CG, Mangalagiu V, Glod M, Mangalagiu II. New insides into chimeric and hybrid azines derivatives with antifungal activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1163-1180. [PMID: 38916566 PMCID: PMC11216630 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2351288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, five or six member rings azaheterocycles compounds appear to be an extremely valuable source of antifungal agents. Their use seems to be a very attractive solution in antifungal therapy and to overcome antifungal resistance in agriculture. The present review highlights the main results obtained in the field of hybrid and chimeric azine (especially pyridine, quinoline, phenanthroline, bypyridine, naphthyridine and their fused derivatives) derivatives presented in scientific literature from the last 10 years, with emphasis on antifungal activity of the mentioned compounds. A special attention was played to hybrid and chimeric azole-azine class, having in view the high antifungal potential of azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberius Balaes
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, 20A Carol 1st Bvd, Iasi, 700505, Romania
| | | | - Violeta Mangalagiu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM center, 11 Carol I, Iasi700506, Romania
- Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Faculty of Food Engineering, 13 Universitatii Str., Suceava720229, Romania
| | - Mihai Glod
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Clinical Hospital CF Iasi, Universității 16 Str., Iasi700115, Romania
| | - Ionel I Mangalagiu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, Iasi700506, Romania
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3
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Li W, Yang X, Ahmad N, Zhang SL, Zhou CH. Novel aminothiazoximone-corbelled ethoxycarbonylpyrimidones with antibiofilm activity to conquer Gram-negative bacteria through potential multitargeting effects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116219. [PMID: 38368710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms threatens human health, and it is usually exacerbated by the formation of biofilm, which forces the development of new antibacterial agents with antibiofilm activity. In this work, a novel category of aminothiazoximone-corbelled ethoxycarbonylpyrimidones (ACEs) was designed and synthesized, and some of the prepared ACEs showed potent bioactivity against the tested bacteria. In particular, imidazolyl ACE 6c showed better inhibitory activity towards Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli with MIC values both of 0.0066 mmol/L than norfloxacin. It was also revealed that imidazolyl ACE 6c not only possessed inconspicuous hemolytic rate and cytotoxicity, low drug resistance and no risk of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, but also exhibited obvious biofilm inhibition and eradication activities. The preliminary mechanism research suggested that imidazolyl ACE 6c could induce metabolic dysfunction by deactivating lactate dehydrogenase and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to decrease the reduced glutathione and ultimately cause oxidative damage in bacteria. Furthermore, ACE 6c was also found that could insert into DNA to form the supramolecular complex of 6c-DNA and trigger cell death. The multidimensional effect might promote bacterial cell rupture, leading to the leakage of intracellular content. These findings manifested that novel imidazolyl ACE 6c as a potential multitargeting antibacterial agent with potent antibiofilm activity could provide new possibility for the treatment of refractory biofilm-intensified bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Wu A, Wang J, Zhang J. Strategies of targeting CYP51 for IFIs therapy: Emerging prospects, opportunities and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115658. [PMID: 37480712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
CYP51, a monooxygenase associated with the sterol synthesis pathway, is responsible for the catalysis of the 14-methyl hydroxylation reaction of lanosterol precursors. This enzyme is widely present in microorganisms, plants, and mammals. In mammals, CYP51 plays a role in cholesterol production, oligodendrocyte formation, oocyte maturation, and spermatogenesis. In fungal cells, CYP51 is an enzyme that synthesizes membrane sterols. By inhibiting fungal CYP51, ergosterol synthesis can be inhibited and ergosterol membrane fluidity is altered, resulting in fungal cell apoptosis. Thus, targeting CYP51 is a reliable antifungal strategy with important implications for the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Many CYP51 inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for clinical treatment. However, several limitations of CYP51 inhibitors remain to be resolved, including fungal resistance, hepatotoxicity, and drug-drug interactions. New broad-spectrum, anti-resistant, highly selective CYP51 inhibitors are expected to be developed to enhance clinical efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Herein, we summarize the structural features and biological functions of CYP51 and emphatically analyze the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and therapeutic potential of different chemical types of small-molecule CYP51 inhibitors. We also discuss the latest progress of novel strategies, providing insights into new drugs targeting CYP51 for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Aijia Wu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Ju Z, Li Z, Li M, Xu S, Kaliaperumal K, Chen FE. A Chemo-Enzymatic Approach for Preparing Efinaconazole with High Optical Yield. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14803-14808. [PMID: 37792295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel and ecofriendly biocatalytic approach for synthesizing efinaconazole (7), a clinically used antifungal agent. This method involves utilizing benzaldehyde lyase (BAL) to catalyze the crucial benzoin condensation step in the ketone precursor. Treating 2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde with BAL in the presence of thiamin-diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ resulted in the formation of α-hydroxy ketone which then underwent the preparation of 7. This innovative approach not only provides a greener alternative but also offers significant advantages over the traditional chemical process. Through our efforts and development work, we have established efficient and scalable procedures that enable the production of 7 in a moderate 38% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Ju
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhiyun Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Menglan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Saili Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | | | - Fen-Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Xie F, Hao Y, Li L, Wang R, Bao J, Chi X, Monk BC, Wang T, Yu S, Jin Y, Zhang D, Ni T, Yan L. Novel antifungal triazoles with alkynyl-methoxyl side chains: Design, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115506. [PMID: 37216811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous work led to the rational design, synthesis and testing of novel antifungal triazole analogues bearing alkynyl-methoxyl side chains. Tests of in vitro antifungal activity showed Candida albicans SC5314 and Candida glabrata 537 gave MIC values of ≤0.125 μg/mL for most of the compounds. Among these, compounds 16, 18, and 29 displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against seven human pathogenic fungal species, two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates and two multi-drug resistant Candida auris isolates. Moreover, 0.5 μg/mL of 16, 18, and 29 was more effective than 2 μg/mL of fluconazole at inhibiting fungal growth of the strains tested. The most active compound (16) completely inhibited the growth of C. albicans SC5314 at 16 μg/mL for 24 h, affected biofilm formation and destroyed the mature biofilm at 64 μg/mL. Several Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, overexpressing recombinant Cyp51s or drug efflux pumps, indicated 16, 18, and 29 targeted Cyp51 without being significantly affected by a common active site mutation, but were susceptible to target overexpression and efflux by both MFS and ABC transporters. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that 16, 18, and 29 interfered with the C. albicans ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by inhibition at Cyp51. Molecular docking studies elucidated the binding modes of 18 with Cyp51. The compounds showed low cytotoxicity, low hemolytic activity and favorable ADMT properties. Importantly, compound 16 showed potent in vivo antifungal efficacy in the G. mellonella infection model. Taken together, this study presents more effective, broad-spectrum, low toxicity triazole analogues that can contribute to the development of novel antifungal agents and help overcome antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruina Wang
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junhe Bao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Brian C Monk
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Lan Yan
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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7
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6-[(2S,3R)-3-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VN) is an antifungal drug indicated for the treatment of several fungal infections. Due to its side effects, some works involving late-stage functionalization of VN have been reported in the literature. Here, we disclose a new VN derivative, the 6-[(2S,3R)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde (VN-CHO). This compound results from the photoredox-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of VN, affording a hydroxymethylated derivative (VN-CH2OH), followed by oxidation of the former CH2OH group. VN-CHO was obtained in good yield (70% yield) and its structure was unveiled by 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (HSQC and HMBC) NMR techniques. The introduction of a formyl group in VN structure creates a very promising site for further functionalization in a molecule which originally does not have many active sites.
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8
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Khan FA, Yaqoob S, Ali S, Tanveer N, Wang Y, Ashraf S, Hasan KA, Khalifa SAM, Shou Q, Ul-Haq Z, Jiang ZH, El-Seedi HR. Designing Functionally Substituted Pyridine-Carbohydrazides for Potent Antibacterial and Devouring Antifungal Effect on Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Strains. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010212. [PMID: 36615406 PMCID: PMC9822510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and the gradual depletion of available antibiotics have exacerbated the need for novel antimicrobial agents with minimal toxicity. Herein, we report functionally substituted pyridine carbohydrazide with remarkable antimicrobial effect on multi-drug resistant strains. In the series, compound 6 had potent activity against four MDR strains of Candida spp., with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values being in the range of 16-24 µg/mL and percentage inhibition up to 92.57%, which was exceptional when compared to broad-spectrum antifungal drug fluconazole (MIC = 20 µg/mL, 81.88% inhibition). Substitution of the octyl chain in 6 with a shorter butyl chain resulted in a significant anti-bacterial effect of 4 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), the MIC value being 2-fold superior to the standard combination of ampicillin/cloxacillin. Time-kill kinetics assays were used to discern the efficacy and pharmacodynamics of the potent compounds. Further, hemolysis tests confirmed that both compounds had better safety profiles than the standard drugs. Besides, molecular docking simulations were used to further explore their mode of interaction with target proteins. Overall results suggest that these compounds have the potential to become promising antimicrobial drugs against MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.-A.K.); (K.A.H.); (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Tanveer
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Molecular and Structural Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.-A.K.); (K.A.H.); (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing 210024, China
- Correspondence: (F.-A.K.); (K.A.H.); (H.R.E.-S.)
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9
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Moghimi S, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A. Drug design strategies for the treatment azole-resistant candidiasis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:879-895. [PMID: 35793245 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2098949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of novel antifungals and therapeutic strategies, the rate of global mortality linked to invasive fungal diseases from fungal infection remains high. Candida albicans account for the most invasive mycosis produced by yeast. Thus, the current arsenal of medicinal chemists is focused on finding new effective agents with lower toxicity and broad-spectrum activity. In this review article, recent efforts to find effective agents against azole-resistant candidiasis, a common fungal infection, are covered. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors outlined all azole-based compounds, dual target, and new scaffolds (non-azole-based compounds) which were effective against azole-resistant candidiasis. In addition, the mechanism of action and SAR studies were also discussed, if the data were available. EXPERT OPINION The current status of fungal infections and the drawbacks of existing drugs have encouraged scientists to find novel scaffolds based on different methods like virtual screening and fragment-based drug discovery. Machine learning and in-silico methods have found their role in this field and experts are hopeful to find novel scaffolds/compounds by using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ni T, Ding Z, Xie F, Hao Y, Bao J, Zhang J, Yu S, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Novel Triazoles Containing Phenylethynyl Pyrazole Side Chains. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113370. [PMID: 35684308 PMCID: PMC9182106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of triazole derivatives containing phenylethynyl pyrazole moiety as side chain were designed, synthesized, and most of them exhibited good in vitro antifungal activities. Especially, compounds 5k and 6c showed excellent in vitro activities against C. albicans (MIC = 0.125, 0.0625 μg/mL), C. neoformans (MIC = 0.125, 0.0625 μg/mL), and A. fumigatus (MIC = 8.0, 4.0 μg/mL). Compound 6c also exerted superior activity to compound 5k and fluconazole in inhibiting hyphae growth of C. albicans and inhibiting drug-resistant strains of C. albicans, and it could reduce fungal burdens in mice kidney at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg. An in vivo efficacy evaluation indicated that 6c could effectively protect mice models from C. albicans infection at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. These results suggested that compound 6c deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Zichao Ding
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (Z.D.); (F.X.); (Y.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (Z.D.); (F.X.); (Y.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Yumeng Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (Z.D.); (F.X.); (Y.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Junhe Bao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (Z.D.); (F.X.); (Y.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jingxiang Zhang
- Center for New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Shichong Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (Z.D.); (F.X.); (Y.H.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Y.J.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Y.J.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (Z.D.); (F.X.); (Y.H.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Y.J.); (D.Z.)
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