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Khan FA, Irshad R, Tanveer N, Yaqoob S, Razaullah, Ali R, Ali N, Saifullah J, Ali Hasan K, Naz S, Qadir A, Jabeen A, Wang Y. Unleashing the potential of vanillic acid: A new twist on nature's recipe to fight inflammation and circumvent azole-resistant fungal infections. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107254. [PMID: 38432152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Vanillic acid (VA) - a naturally occurring phenolic compound in plants - is not only used as a flavoring agent but also a prominent metabolite post tea consumption. VA and its associated compounds are believed to play a significant role in preventing diseases, underscoring the need for a systematic investigation. Herein, we report a 4-step synthesis employing the classical organic reactions, such as Willamson's alkylation, Fischer-Spier reaction, and Steglich esterification, complemented with a protection-deprotection strategy to prepare 46 VA derivatives across the five series (1a-1i, 2a-2i, 3, 3a-3i, 4a-4i, 5a-5i) in high yields. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and toxic effects. Notably, compound 1a demonstrated remarkable ROS inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.1 ± 0.7 µg/mL, which is more than twice as effective as the standard ibuprofen drug. A subset of the synthesized derivatives (2b, 2c, 2e, 3b-3d, 4a-4c, 5a, and 5e) manifested their antifungal effect against drug-resistant Candida strains. Compound 5g, in particular, revealed synergism with the established antifungal drugs amphotericin B (AMB) and fluconazole (FLZ), doubling FLZ's potency against azole resistant Candida albican ATCC 36082. Furthermore, 5g improved the potency of these antifungals against FLZ-sensitive strains, including C. glabrata ATCC 2001 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, as well as various multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida strains, namely C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans CL1, and C. krusei SH2L OM341600. Additionally, pharmacodynamics of compound 5g was examined using time-kill assay, and a benign safety profile was observed with no hemolytic activity in whole blood, and no cytotoxicity towards the normal BJ human cell line. The synergistic potential of 5g was further investigated through both experimental methods and docking simulations.These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of VA derivatives, particularly in addressing inflammation and circumventing FLZ resistance in Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Rimsha Irshad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Tanveer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Razaullah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jafar Saifullah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Molecular and Structural Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Shahida Naz
- Molecular and Structural Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Fatima N, Yaqoob S, Rana S, Hameed A, Mirza MR, Jabeen A. In vitro photoprotective potential of aryl-sandwiched (thio)semicarbazones against UVA mediated cellular and DNA damage. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 251:112841. [PMID: 38194816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent solar ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation. It is the inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a potent mediator of inflammation and photocarcinogenesis. Regular application of sunscreens containing UVA filters is an effective preventive measure in mitigating the risk associated with the formation of dermal carcinoma. Therefore, the development of new photoprotective agents is of great need. The current work examined the in vitro photoprotection of the aryl-linked (thio)semicarbazone derivatives against UVA-mediated DNA damage, inflammation, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and ROS. Except for the inflammatory cytokine assay, which was carried out on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line, all tests were conducted on the human dermal fibroblast (BJ) cell line. In comparison to benzophenone (reference compound), the compound (2Z, 2'Z)-2,2'-(1,3-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (DD-21) demonstrated considerable protection against UVA-induced damage. Compared to the UVA-irradiated control, DD-21 significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS (p < 0.001). In the presence of DD-21, the release of UVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that DD-21 protected the cells from UVA-mediated DNA strand breaks and also inhibited the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) upon comparison to the UVA-exposed control cells (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that DD-21 exhibits remarkable photoprotective properties, thus demonstrating its potential as a candidate UVA filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Khan FA, Yaqoob S, Qasim MW, Ali S, Wang Y, Jiang ZH. A Robust, Gram-Scale and High Yield Synthesis of MDP Congeners for the Activation of NOD2 Receptor and Vaccine Adjuvantation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-2004-5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) constituent – muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and its congeners possess immuno-adjuvant activity, and find their applications in vaccines to potentiate the immune response of antigens. The molecule confers non-specific resistance to pathogenic infections and defense against tumors. In this work, the parent MDP molecule was re-designed by replacing its carbohydrate moiety with an immunoregulatory xanthine scaffold, while conserving L-D configuration of the pharmacophore. Alkyl chains were introduced at the C-terminus of D-isoglutamine to help the molecules access cytoplasmic NOD2 receptor and activate the innate immune system. Lipophilic MDP congeners were thus obtained by adopting a direct or indirect convergent synthetic route with an overall yield of > 50 %. We found that an indirect approach can be reliably implemented on a gram-scale, thereby unlocking access to substantial amounts of pathogen associated molecular patterns for in vivo studies, which will accelerate the development of NOD2 immuno-adjuvants against viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, University of Karachi International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, University of Karachi International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim Qasim
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, University of Karachi International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, University of Karachi International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
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Khan FA, Yaqoob S, Ali S, Tanveer N, Wang Y, Ashraf S, Hasan KA, Khalifa SAM, Shou Q, Ul-Haq Z, Jiang ZH, El-Seedi HR. Designing Functionally Substituted Pyridine-Carbohydrazides for Potent Antibacterial and Devouring Antifungal Effect on Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Strains. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010212. [PMID: 36615406 PMCID: PMC9822510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and the gradual depletion of available antibiotics have exacerbated the need for novel antimicrobial agents with minimal toxicity. Herein, we report functionally substituted pyridine carbohydrazide with remarkable antimicrobial effect on multi-drug resistant strains. In the series, compound 6 had potent activity against four MDR strains of Candida spp., with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values being in the range of 16-24 µg/mL and percentage inhibition up to 92.57%, which was exceptional when compared to broad-spectrum antifungal drug fluconazole (MIC = 20 µg/mL, 81.88% inhibition). Substitution of the octyl chain in 6 with a shorter butyl chain resulted in a significant anti-bacterial effect of 4 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), the MIC value being 2-fold superior to the standard combination of ampicillin/cloxacillin. Time-kill kinetics assays were used to discern the efficacy and pharmacodynamics of the potent compounds. Further, hemolysis tests confirmed that both compounds had better safety profiles than the standard drugs. Besides, molecular docking simulations were used to further explore their mode of interaction with target proteins. Overall results suggest that these compounds have the potential to become promising antimicrobial drugs against MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.-A.K.); (K.A.H.); (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Tanveer
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Molecular and Structural Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.-A.K.); (K.A.H.); (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing 210024, China
- Correspondence: (F.-A.K.); (K.A.H.); (H.R.E.-S.)
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Yaqoob S, Hameed A, Ahmed M, Imran M, Qadir MA, Ramzan M, Yousaf N, Iqbal J, Muddassar M. Antiurease screening of alkyl chain-linked thiourea derivatives: in vitro biological activities, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6292-6302. [PMID: 35424581 PMCID: PMC8981555 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08694d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease has become an important therapeutic target because it stimulates the pathogenesis of many human health conditions, such as pyelonephritis, the development of urolithiasis, hepatic encephalopathy, peptic ulcers, gastritis and gastric cancer. A series of alkyl chain-linked thiourea derivatives were synthesized to screen for urease inhibition activity. Structure elucidation of these compounds was done by spectral studies, such as IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and MS analysis. In vitro urease enzyme inhibition assay revealed that compound 3c was the most potent thiourea derivative among the series with IC50 values of 10.65 ± 0.45 μM, while compound 3g also exhibited good activity with an IC50 value of 15.19 ± 0.58 μM compared to standard thiourea with an IC50 value of 15.51 ± 0.11 μM. The other compounds in the series possessed moderate to weak urease inhibition activity with IC50 values ranging from 20.16 ± 0.48 to 60.11 ± 0.78 μM. The most potent compounds 3c and 3g were docked to jack bean urease (PDB ID: 4H9M) to evaluate their binding affinities and to find the plausible binding poses. The docked complexes were refined through 100 ns-long MD simulations. The simulation results revealed that the average RMSD of 3c was less than that of the 3g compound. Furthermore, the radius of gyration plots for both complexes showed that 3c and 3g docking predicted binding modes did not induce any conformational change in the urease structure. Urease has become an important therapeutic target because it stimulates the pathogenesis of many human health conditions, such as pyelonephritis, the development of urolithiasis, hepatic encephalopathy, peptic ulcers, gastritis and gastric cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan .,Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal Sahiwal Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education College Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- KAM-School of Life Sciences, FC College (A Chartered University) Lahore Pakistan
| | | | - Mahwish Ramzan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Numan Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road Islamabad Pakistan
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Yaqoob S, Nasim N, Khanam R, Wang Y, Jabeen A, Qureshi U, Ul-Haq Z, El-Seedi HR, Jiang ZH, Khan FA. Synthesis of Highly Potent Anti-Inflammatory Compounds (ROS Inhibitors) from Isonicotinic Acid. Molecules 2021; 26:1272. [PMID: 33652837 PMCID: PMC7956706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of anti-inflammatory compounds, novel scaffolds containing isonicotinoyl motif were synthesized via an efficient strategy. The compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Remarkably high activities were observed for isonicotinates 5-6 and 8a-8b. The compound 5 exhibits an exceptional IC50 value (1.42 ± 0.1 µg/mL) with 95.9% inhibition at 25 µg/mL, which is eight folds better than the standard drug ibuprofen (11.2 ± 1.9 µg/mL). To gain an insight into the mode of action of anti-inflammatory compounds, molecular docking studies were also performed. Decisively, further development and fine tuning of these isonicotinates based scaffolds for the treatment of various aberrations is still a wide-open field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Yaqoob
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
| | - Nourina Nasim
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
| | - Rahila Khanam
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (N.N.); (R.K.); (Y.W.); (U.Q.); (Z.U.-H.)
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Yaqoob S, Rahim S, Bhayo AM, Shah MR, Hameed A, Malik MI. A Novel and Efficient Colorimetric Assay for Quantitative Determination of Amlodipine in Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Samples. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Yaqoob
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Sana Rahim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Adnan Murad Bhayo
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryForman Christian Colle (A Chartered University) Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
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