Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dihydropteridone derivatives possessing oxadiazoles moiety as potent inhibitors of PLK1

Synthesis and pharmacodynamic evaluation of Dihydropteridone derivatives against PDCoV in vivo and in vitro

Porcine Delta Coronavirus (PDCoV) infection can induce serious dehydration, diarrhea and even death of piglets, which has caused huge losses to the breeding industry. PDCoV has been reported to have the potential for cross species transmission, and even reports of infecting humans have emerged. At present, there are still no effective prevention and control measures for PDCoV. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of unreported Dihydropteridone derivatives. All of these compounds were evaluated for the against PDCoV in vivo and in vitro for the first time. In this study, antiviral activity (17.34 ± 7.20 μM) and low cytotoxicity (>800 μM) was found in compound W8. Compound W8 exerts antiviral effect on PDCoV by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors caused by virus infection in vitro. In addition, lung and small intestinal lesions caused by PDCoV infection in mice could be significantly reduced by compound W8. These findings highlight the potential of compound W8 as a valuable therapeutic option against PDCoV infection, and lay a foundation for further research and development in this field.

Discovery and optimization of dihydropteridone derivatives as novel PLK1 and BRD4 dual inhibitor for the treatment of cancer

In this study, we have designed, synthesized and tested three series of novel dihydropteridone derivatives possessing isoindolin-1-one or isoindoline moieties as potent inhibitors of PLK1/BRD4. Remarkably, most of the compounds showed preferable inhibitory activity against PLK1 and BRD4. Compound SC10 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.3 nM and 60.8 nM against PLK1 and BRD4, respectively. Meanwhile, it demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activities against three tumor-derived cell lines (MDA-MB-231 IC50 = 17.3 nM, MDA-MB-361 IC50 = 8.4 nM, and MV4-11 IC50 = 5.4 nM). Moreover, SC10 exhibited moderate rat liver microsomal stability (CLint = 21.3 µL·min-1·mg-1), acceptable pharmacokinetic profile (AUC0-t = 657 ng·h·mL-1, oral bioavailability of 21.4 %) in Sprague-Dawley rats, reduced hERG toxicity, acceptable PPB and CYP450 inhibition. Further research indicated that SC10 could induce MV4-11 cell arrest at the S phase and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. This investigation provided us with an initial point for developing novel anticancer agents as dual inhibitors of PLK1 and BRD4.

Novel Aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones, 2-Thiopyrimidine-4-ones, and 6-Arylpteridines as Dual-Target Inhibitors of BRD4/PLK1: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Studies

Structural-based drug design and solvent-free synthesis were combined to obtain three novel series of 5-arylethylidene-aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones (4, 5a-c, 6a,b), 5-arylethylidene-amino-2-thiopyrimidine-4-ones (7,8), and 6-arylpteridines (9,10) as dual BRD4 and PLK1 inhibitors. MTT assays of synthesized compounds against breast (MDA-MB-231), colorectal (HT-29), and renal (U-937) cancer cells showed excellent-to-good cytotoxic activity, compared to Methotrexate; MDA-MB-231 were the most sensitive cancer cells. The most active compounds were tested against normal Vero cells. Compounds 4 and 7 significantly inhibited BRD4 and PLK1, with IC50 values of 0.029, 0.042 µM, and 0.094, 0.02 µM, respectively, which are nearly comparable to volasertib (IC50 = 0.017 and 0.025 µM). Compound 7 triggered apoptosis and halted cell growth at the G2/M phase, similarly to volasertib. It also upregulated the BAX and caspase-3 markers while downregulating the Bcl-2 gene. Finally, active compounds fitted the volasertib binding site at BRD4 and PLK1 and showed ideal drug-like properties and pharmacokinetics, making them promising anticancer candidates.

Exploration of 2D and 3D-QSAR analysis and docking studies for novel dihydropteridone derivatives as promising therapeutic agents targeting glioblastoma

Background: Dihydropteridone derivatives represent a novel class of PLK1 inhibitors, exhibiting promising anticancer activity and potential as chemotherapeutic drugs for glioblastoma. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop 2D and 3D-QSAR models to validate the anticancer activity of dihydropteridone derivatives and identify optimal structural characteristics for the design of new therapeutic agents. Methods: The Heuristic method (HM) was employed to construct a 2D-linear QSAR model, while the gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm was utilized to develop a 2D-nonlinear QSAR model. Additionally, the CoMSIA approach was introduced to investigate the impact of drug structure on activity. A total of 200 novel anti-glioma dihydropteridone compounds were designed, and their activity levels were predicted using chemical descriptors and molecular field maps. The compounds with the highest activity were subjected to molecular docking to confirm their binding affinity. Results: Within the analytical purview, the coefficient of determination (R2) for the HM linear model is elucidated at 0.6682, accompanied by an R2 cv of 0.5669 and a residual sum of squares (S2) of 0.0199. The GEP nonlinear model delineates coefficients of determination for the training and validation sets at 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. Empirical modeling outcomes underscore the preeminence of the 3D-QSAR model, succeeded by the GEP nonlinear model, whilst the HM linear model manifested suboptimal efficacy. The 3D paradigm evinced an exemplary fit, characterized by formidable Q2 (0.628) and R2 (0.928) values, complemented by an impressive F-value (12.194) and a minimized standard error of estimate (SEE) at 0.160. The most significant molecular descriptor in the 2D model, which included six descriptors, was identified as "Min exchange energy for a C-N bond" (MECN). By combining the MECN descriptor with the hydrophobic field, suggestions for the creation of novel medications were generated. This led to the identification of compound 21E.153, a novel dihydropteridone derivative, which exhibited outstanding antitumor properties and docking capabilities. Conclusion: The development of 2D and 3D-QSAR models, along with the innovative integration of contour maps and molecular descriptors, offer novel concepts and techniques for the design of glioblastoma chemotherapeutic agents.