Synthesis and pharmacodynamic evaluation of Dihydropteridone derivatives against PDCoV in vivo and in vitro

Porcine Delta Coronavirus (PDCoV) infection can induce serious dehydration, diarrhea and even death of piglets, which has caused huge losses to the breeding industry. PDCoV has been reported to have the potential for cross species transmission, and even reports of infecting humans have emerged. At present, there are still no effective prevention and control measures for PDCoV. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of unreported Dihydropteridone derivatives. All of these compounds were evaluated for the against PDCoV in vivo and in vitro for the first time. In this study, antiviral activity (17.34 ± 7.20 μM) and low cytotoxicity (>800 μM) was found in compound W8. Compound W8 exerts antiviral effect on PDCoV by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors caused by virus infection in vitro. In addition, lung and small intestinal lesions caused by PDCoV infection in mice could be significantly reduced by compound W8. These findings highlight the potential of compound W8 as a valuable therapeutic option against PDCoV infection, and lay a foundation for further research and development in this field.

Photoredox-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Enaminones with N-Sulfonylaminopyridinium Salts toward the Synthesis of 3-Sulfonaminated Chromones

A photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular tandem sulfonamination/cyclization of enaminones was realized by using N-aminopyridinium salts as the sulfonaminated reagents without transition-metal catalysts or bases. The reaction exhibits a broad scope and good functional group tolerance, good yields, and regioselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical property of the reaction and the involvement of N-centered radical intermediates.

Copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with alcohols: access to hydroxyalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of hydroxyl-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been developed via the copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with alcohols with moderate to good yields.

Myeloid Sarcoma Presenting With Multiple Skin and Subcutaneous Mass Without Leukemic Manifestations After Renal Transplantation

BACKGROUND

Myeloid sarcoma is well described and known in clinical practice, however, it is a rare condition after receiving renal transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy is thought to be the main cause in these cases.

CASE REPORT

A 45-year-old woman accepted a right kidney transplantation because of her chronic renal insufficiency and uremia in May 2011. She had to receive a left kidney transplantation again in February 2012 because she had renal failure again after receiving the right kidney transplantation. She received immune inhibitors treatment. After the latter operation, her renal function was normal. The third operation was done to remove the right transplanted kidney in July 2012. The diagnosis of the kidney was myeloid sarcoma. The blood and bone marrow biopsy had no evidence of leukemia. She then received chemotherapy. There was a small skin nodule on the left arm of approximately 0.5 cm in August 2012; after that its diameter enlarged progressively to about 5 cm and more nodules and masses gradually appeared on her face, arms, trunk, lower limbs, and feet over the course of 1 year. The skin biopsy specimen obtained from her left arm showed myeloid sarcoma too. She was admitted to the Orthopedics Department for severe pain and swelling in the left foot in September 2014 and underwent an operation for resecting the mass in the left foot. Pain was apparently alleviated and the incision healed well.

CONCLUSIONS

The patient is still alive with no evidence of leukemia after a 30-month follow-up.

The N-aryl aminocarbonyl ortho-substituent effect in Cu-catalyzed aryl amination and its application in the synthesis of 5-substituted 11-oxo-dibenzodiazepines

Double amination of ortho-substituted aryl bromides proceeded under mild conditions to afford 5-substituted 11-oxo-dibenzodiazepines, which revealed that there is a strong ortho-substituent effect caused by N-aryl aminocarbonyl groups during copper-catalyzed aryl amination.

Assembly of substituted 1H-benzimidazoles and 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ones via CuI/L-proline catalyzed coupling of aqueous ammonia with 2-iodoacetanilides and 2-iodophenylcarbamates

CuI/l-proline catalyzed coupling of aqueous ammonia with 2-iodoacetanilides and 2-iodophenylcarbamates affords the aryl amination products at room temperature, which undergo in situ additive cyclization under acidic conditions or heating to give substituted 1H-benzimidazoles and 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ones, respectively. A wide range of functional groups including ketone, nitro, iodo, bromo, and ester are tolerated under these reaction conditions, providing these heterocycles with great diversity.

Monitoring oxidation of chlorinated ethenes by permanganate in groundwater using stable isotopes: laboratory and field studies

Permanganate injection is increasingly applied for in situ destruction of chlorinated ethenes in groundwater. This laboratory and field study demonstrates the roles that carbon isotope analysis can play in the assessment of oxidation of trichloroethene (TCE) by permanganate. In laboratory experiments a strong carbon isotope fractionation was observed during oxidation of TCE with similar isotopic enrichment factors (-25.1 to -26.8 per thousand) for initial KMnO4 concentrations between 67 and 1,250 mg/L. At the field site, a single permanganate injection episode was conducted in a sandy aquifer contaminated with TCE as dense nonaqueous liquid (DNAPL). After injection, enriched delta13C values of up to +204% and elevated Cl- concentrations were observed at distances of up to 4 m from the injection point. Farther away, the Cl- increased without any change in delta13C of TCE suggesting that Cl- was not produced locally but migrated to the sampling point Except for the closest sampling location to the injection point, the delta13C rebounded to the initial 613C again, likely due to dissolution of DNAPL Isotope mass balance calculations made it possible to identify zones where TCE oxidation continued to occur during the rebound phase. The study indicates that delta13C values can be used to assess the dynamics between TCE oxidation and dissolution and to locate zones of oxidation of chlorinated ethenes that cannot be identified from the Cl- distribution alone.

Evaluation of poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) as a preventive agent for conception and sexually transmitted diseases

A commercial preparation of a sodium polystyrene sulfonate (designated as N-PSS; its molecular weight is 500000 daltons) was tested as an inhibitor of sperm function and as a preventive agent for conception and the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. The polymer is an irreversible inhibitor of hyaluronidase and acrosin; its IC50 values are 5.7 microg/mL and 0.5 microg/mL, for hyaluronidase and acrosin, respectively. N-PSS is also a stimulus of human sperm acrosomal loss. It produces maximal acrosomal loss at 2.5 microg/mL. Contraception in rabbits is nearly complete when rabbit spermatozoa are pretreated with 0.5 mg/mL of N-PSS before artificial insemination; however, N-PSS does not immobilize spermatozoa at concentrations as high as 50 mg/mL. N-PSS has broad spectrum antiviral and antibacterial activities. Infection by human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus are inhibited by N-PSS; 3-log reductions are produced by 7 microg/mL and 3 microg/mL, respectively. N-PSS is active against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. At 1 mg/mL, N-PSS inhibits chlamydial infectivity by more than 90%. N-PSS produces a 3-log reduction in gonococcal growth at 15 microg/mL. In contrast, N-PSS (5 mg/mL) does not affect the growth of Lactobacillus (normal component of the vaginal flora). N-PSS can be classified as a noncytotoxic contraceptive antimicrobial agent. These properties justify bringing a polystyrene sulfonate into clinical trials for its evaluation as a preventive agent for conception and several sexually transmitted diseases.

Determination of carcinogenic potency of alkytoxynol-741 (AP-741) by rat peritoneal cell cultures

The carcinogenic potency of AP-741 was tested in rats using the Nashed method of rat peritoneal cell short-term carcinogenic test. N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidian (MNNG) was used as positive control; saline and nonoxynol-9 (NP-9) were used as negative control. Two doses of AP-741 (4 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg equivalent to 4 and 40 times human doses) were tested. The result showed that no colonies of more than 9 cells were seen in the saline and NP-9 groups, and the two dose groups of AP-741. However, 12 +/- 8.3 colonies (9-29 cell/colony) and 4.5 +/- 4.2 colonies (30-300 cell/colony) were seen in the MNNG group. According to the Nashed criterion, we can say MNNG has potential carcinogenesis, while AP-741 does not have any potential carcinogenesis and its use as a vaginal contraceptive drug is safe.