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Powel JE, Sham CE, Spiliopoulos M, Ferreira CR, Rosenthal E, Sinkovskaya ES, Brown S, Jelin AC, Al-Kouatly HB. Genetics of non-isolated hemivertebra: A systematic review of fetal, neonatal, and infant cases. Clin Genet 2022; 102:262-287. [PMID: 35802600 PMCID: PMC9830455 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemivertebra is a congenital vertebral malformation caused by unilateral failure of formation during embryogenesis that may be associated with additional abnormalities. A systematic review was conducted to investigate genetic etiologies of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, and infant periods using PubMed, Cochrane database, Ovid Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through May 2022 (PROSPERO ID CRD42021229576). The Human Phenotype Ontology database was accessed May 2022. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they addressed non-isolated hemivertebra or genetic causes of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, or infant periods. Cases diagnosed clinically without molecular confirmation were included. Systematic review identified 23 cases of non-isolated hemivertebra with karyotypic abnormalities, 2 cases due to microdeletions, 59 cases attributed to single gene disorders, 18 syndromic cases without known genetic etiology, and 14 cases without a known syndromic association. The Human Phenotype Ontology search identified 49 genes associated with hemivertebra. Non-isolated hemivertebra is associated with a diverse spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities and single gene disorders. Genetic syndromes were notably common. Frequently affected organ systems include musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and facial dysmorphisms. When non-isolated hemivertebra is identified on prenatal ultrasound, the fetus must be assessed for associated anomalies and genetic counseling is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Powel
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, & Women’s Health, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine E. Sham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michail Spiliopoulos
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Rosenthal
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena S. Sinkovskaya
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Shannon Brown
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angie C. Jelin
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huda B. Al-Kouatly
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang J, Xiao L, Wang J, Ding Z, Ni J, Long X. Mosaic ring chromosome 18 in a Chinese child with epilepsy: a case report and review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5231-5239. [PMID: 33829328 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 18 (r[18]) is a rare syndrome in which one or both ends of chromosome 18 are lost and the remaining chromosome rejoins to form ring-shaped figures. It is characterized by developmental delay/cognitive disability, facial dysmorphisms, and immunological problems. The phenotype associated with epilepsy is rare and has not yet been reported in China. METHODS We report herein the case of a 12-year-old Chinese girl who presented with typical facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, cognitive disability, hyperactivity, and epilepsy and discuss the clinical features of r(18) syndromes through comparison with previously described cases worldwide. RESULTS We describe the characteristics of all seizures that have been reported in these cases and propose that the appearance of epilepsy in r(18) patients may be associated with the abnormality of chromosome karyotypes. Further studies are warranted to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dingxi Second People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Sheth H, Trivedi S, Liehr T, Patel K, Jain D, Sheth J, Sheth F. Mosaic chromosome 18 anomaly delineated in a child with dysmorphism using a three-pronged cytogenetic techniques approach: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:141. [PMID: 32972420 PMCID: PMC7517678 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A plethora of cases are reported in the literature with iso- and ring-chromosome 18. However, co-occurrence of these two abnormalities in an individual along with a third cell line and absence of numerical anomaly is extremely rare. Case presentation A 7-year-old female was referred for diagnosis due to gross facial dysmorphism and severe developmental delay. She presented with dysmorphic features, hypo/hyper pigmentation of the skin, intellectual disability and craniosynostosis. G-banding chromosome analysis suggested mos 46,XX,psu idic(18)(p11.2)[25]/46,XX,r(?18)[30]. Additional analysis by molecular karyotyping suggested pure partial deletion of 15 Mb on 18p (18p11.32p11.21). Lastly, multiple rearrangements and detection of a third cell line (ring chr18 and interstitial deletion) of chr18 was observed by multi-color banding. Conclusion The current study presents a novel case of chromosomal abnormalities pertaining to chromosome 18 across 3 cell lines, which were delineated with a combinatorial approach of diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Sunil Trivedi
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Thomas Liehr
- University Clinic Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- Himalaya Arcade A, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Deepika Jain
- Shishu Child Development & Early Intervention Centre, 403, Addor Ambition, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380014, India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India
| | - Frenny Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, India.
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Lo-Castro A, El-Malhany N, Galasso C, Verrotti A, Nardone AM, Postorivo D, Palmieri C, Curatolo P. De novo mosaic ring chromosome 18 in a child with mental retardation, epilepsy and immunological problems. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:329-32. [PMID: 21333764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ring chromosome 18 [r(18)] is a disorder in which one or both ends of chromosome 18 are lost and joined forming a ring-shaped figures. R(18) patients can therefore show features of 18q-, 18p- syndrome or a combination of both, depending on the size of the 18p and 18q deleted regions. The phenotype of the r(18) is characterized by developmental delay/mental retardation, typical facial dysmorphisms, major abnormalities and immunological problems. Here we report a case of de novo mosaic r(18) with a characterization by array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis, and discuss the phenotypic correlation in r(18) also through a comparison with previously described cases of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lo-Castro
- Department of Neuroscience, Paediatric Neurology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Orellana C. Response: rare chromosomal complement of trisomy 21 in a boy conceived only by IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quiroga R, Roselló M, Martinez F, Ferrer-Bolufer I, Monfort S, Oltra S, Hernandez MC, Orellana C. Rare chromosomal complement of trisomy 21 in a boy conceived by IVF and cryopreservation. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19:415-7. [PMID: 19778489 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case of mosaic Down syndrome due to an unusual karyotype in a patient conceived by assisted reproductive techniques and cryopreservation. The chromosomal complement consists of two different cell lines, one predominantly trisomic with a derivative chromosome due to a Robertsonian translocation (21;21) and another carrying a ring chromosome 21. The present work analyses the different mechanisms that could have led to mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Quiroga
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Complex chromosome rearrangement in a child with microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features and mosaicism for a terminal deletion del(18)(q21.32-qter) investigated by FISH and array-CGH: Case report. Mol Cytogenet 2008; 1:24. [PMID: 19014423 PMCID: PMC2587471 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-1-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 7 years and 4 months old Greek boy with mild microcephaly and dysmorphic facial features. He was a sociable child with maxillary hypoplasia, epicanthal folds, upslanting palpebral fissures with long eyelashes, and hypertelorism. His ears were prominent and dysmorphic, he had a long philtrum and a high arched palate. His weight was 17 kg (25th percentile) and his height 120 cm (50th percentile). High resolution chromosome analysis identified in 50% of the cells a normal male karyotype, and in 50% of the cells one chromosome 18 showed a terminal deletion from 18q21.32. Molecular cytogenetic investigation confirmed a del(18)(q21.32-qter) in the one chromosome 18, but furthermore revealed the presence of a duplication in q21.2 in the other chromosome 18. The case is discussed concerning comparable previously reported cases and the possible mechanisms of formation.
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