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Bhattarai D, McGinn DE, Crowley TB, Giunta V, Gaiser K, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Heimall J, Jyonouchi S, Lee J, Sun D, McDonald-McGinn DM, Sullivan KE. Immunologic, Molecular, and Clinical Profile of Patients with Chromosome 22q11.2 Duplications. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:794-807. [PMID: 36735193 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Duplication of chromosome 22q11.2 due to meiotic non-allelic homologous recombination results in a distinct syndrome, chromosome 22q11.2 duplication syndrome that has some overlapping phenotypic features with the corresponding 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Literature on immunologic aspects of the duplication syndrome is limited. We conducted a retrospective study of 216 patients with this syndrome to better define the key features of the duplication syndrome. METHODS Single-center retrospective record review was performed. Data regarding demographics, clinical details, and immunological tests were compiled, extracted into a predetermined data collection form, and analyzed. RESULTS This cohort comprised 113 (52.3%) males and 103 (47.7%) females. The majority (54.6%) of mapped duplications were between low copy repeat regions A-D (LCR22A to -D). Though T cell subsets were relatively preserved, switched memory B cells, immunoglobulins, and specific antibodies were each found to be decreased in a subset of the cohort. One-fifth (17/79, 21.5%) of patients had at least 2 low immunoglobulin values, and panhypogammaglobulinemia was found in 11.7% (9/79) cases. Four children were on regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Asthma and eczema were the predominant atopic symptoms in our cohort. CONCLUSION Significant immunodeficiencies were observed in our cohort, particularly in B cells and antibodies. Our study expands the current clinical understanding and emphasizes the need of immunological studies and multidisciplinary approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmagat Bhattarai
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria Giunta
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Gaiser
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Soma Jyonouchi
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Juhee Lee
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Li H, Gong Y, Chen J, Xie L, Li B, Xiang Y, Xie M. Diagnosis of prenatal 22q11.2 duplication syndrome: a two-case study. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Scala M, De Grandis E, Nobile G, Iacomino M, Madia F, Capra V, Nobili L, Zara F, Striano P. Biallelic ZBTB11 variants associated with complex neuropsychiatric phenotype featuring Tourette syndrome. Brain 2022; 146:e1-e4. [PMID: 36068688 PMCID: PMC9825546 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Correspondence to: Marcello Scala Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Elisa De Grandis
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nobile
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Federico Zara Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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4
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Li S, Han X, Ye M, Chen S, Shen Y, Niu J, Wang Y, Xu C. Prenatal Diagnosis of Microdeletions or Microduplications in the Proximal, Central, and Distal Regions of Chromosome 22q11.2: Ultrasound Findings and Pregnancy Outcome. Front Genet 2019; 10:813. [PMID: 31543904 PMCID: PMC6728414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recurrent microdeletions and microduplications in the proximal, central, and distal regions of chromosomal 22q11.2 have been identified. However, due to a limited number of patients reported in the literature, highly variable clinical phenotypes, and incomplete penetrance, the pathogenicity of some microdeletions/microduplications in 22q11.2 central and distal regions is unclear. Hence, the genetic counseling and subsequent pregnancy decision are extremely challenging, especially when they are found in structurally normal fetuses. Here, we reported 27 consecutive cases diagnosed prenatally with 22q11.2 microdeletions or microduplications by chromosomal microarray analysis in our center. The prenatal ultrasound features, inheritance of the microdeletions/microduplications, and their effects on the pregnancy outcome were studied. We found that fetuses with 22q11.2 microdeletions were more likely to present with structure defects in the ultrasound, as compared with fetuses with 22q11.2 microduplications. Both the prenatal ultrasound findings and the inheritance of the microdeletions/microduplications affected the parent’s decision of pregnancy. Those with structure defects in prenatal ultrasound or occurred de novo often resulted in termination of the pregnancy, whereas those with normal ultrasound and inherited from healthy parent were likely to continue the pregnancy and led to normal birth. Our study emphasized that proximal, central, and distal 22q11.2 deletions or duplications were different from each other, although some common features were shared among them. More studies are warranted to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of different clinical features of these recurrent copy-number variations, thereby to provide more information for genetic counseling of 22q11.2 microdeletions and microduplications when they are detected prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Han
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mujin Ye
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songchang Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Shen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Niu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Woodward KJ, Stampalia J, Vanyai H, Rijhumal H, Potts K, Taylor F, Peverall J, Grumball T, Sivamoorthy S, Alinejad-Rokny H, Wray J, Whitehouse A, Nagarajan L, Scurlock J, Afchani S, Edwards M, Murch A, Beilby J, Baynam G, Kiraly-Borri C, McKenzie F, Heng JIT. Atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications between LCR22B and LCR22D are associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes including autism spectrum disorder with incomplete penetrance. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00507. [PMID: 30614210 PMCID: PMC6393688 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosome 22q11.2 is susceptible to genomic rearrangements and the most frequently reported involve deletions and duplications between low copy repeats LCR22A to LCR22D. Atypical nested deletions and duplications are rarer and can provide a valuable opportunity to investigate the dosage effects of a smaller subset of genes within the 22q11.2 genomic disorder region. Methods We describe thirteen individuals from six families, each with atypical nested duplications within the central 22q11.2 region between LCR22B and LCR22D. We then compared the molecular and clinical data for patients from this study and the few reported atypical duplication cases, to the cases with larger typical duplications between LCR22A and LCR22D. Further, we analyzed genes with the nested region to identify candidates highly enriched in human brain tissues. Results We observed that atypical nested duplications are heterogeneous in size, often familial, and associated with incomplete penetrance and highly variable clinical expressivity. We found that the nested atypical duplications are a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental phenotypes, particularly for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), speech and language delay, and behavioral abnormalities. In addition, we analyzed genes within the nested region between LCR22B and LCR22D to identify nine genes (ZNF74, KLHL22, MED15, PI4KA, SERPIND1, CRKL, AIFM3, SLC7A4, and BCRP2) with enriched expression in the nervous system, each with unique spatiotemporal patterns in fetal and adult brain tissues. Interestingly, PI4KA is prominently expressed in the brain, and this gene is included either partially or completely in all of our subjects. Conclusion Our findings confirm variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance for atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications and identify genes such as PI4KA to be directly relevant to brain development and disorder. We conclude that further work is needed to elucidate the basis of variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes and to exclude the presence of a second disorder. Our findings contribute to the genotype–phenotype data for atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications, with implications for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Woodward
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Stampalia
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hashika Rijhumal
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kim Potts
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Taylor
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Peverall
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Grumball
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Soruba Sivamoorthy
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Wray
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Nagarajan
- Children's Neuroscience Service, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Afchani
- State Child Development Centre, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Lockridge Child Development Centre, Lockridge, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Edwards
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith South DC, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Murch
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Health, Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health and Clinical Services Division, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Spatial Sciences, Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Kiraly-Borri
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Children's Neuroscience Service, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julian I T Heng
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Sarich Neuroscience Institute, Curtin University, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Mastrodonato V, Morelli E, Vaccari T. How to use a multipurpose SNARE: The emerging role of Snap29 in cellular health. Cell Stress 2018; 2:72-81. [PMID: 31225470 PMCID: PMC6551745 DOI: 10.15698/cst2018.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive study, regulation of membrane trafficking is incompletely understood. In particular, the specific role of SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment REceptor) proteins for distinct trafficking steps and their mechanism of action, beyond the core function in membrane fusion, are still elusive. Snap29 is a SNARE protein related to Snap25 that gathered a lot of attention in recent years. Here, we review the study of Snap29 and its emerging involvement in autophagy, a self eating process that is key to cell adaptation to changing environments, and in other trafficking pathways. We also discuss Snap29 role in synaptic transmission and in cell division, which might extend the repertoire of SNARE-mediated functions. Finally, we present evidence connecting Snap29 to human disease, highlighting the importance of Snap29 function in tissue development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Morelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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7
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TERT promoter status and gene copy number gains: effect on TERT expression and association with prognosis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77540-77551. [PMID: 29100407 PMCID: PMC5652798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene in human cancers leads to telomerase activation, which contributes to the growth advantage and survival of tumor cells. Molecular mechanisms of TERT upregulation are complex, tumor-specific and can be clinically relevant. To investigate these mechanisms in breast cancer, we sequenced the TERT promoter, evaluated TERT copy number changes and assessed the expression of the MYC oncogene, a known transcriptional TERT regulator, in two breast cancer cohorts comprising a total of 122 patients. No activating TERT promoter mutations were found, suggesting that this mutational mechanism is not likely to be involved in TERT upregulation in breast cancer. The T349C promoter polymorphism found in up to 50% of cases was not correlated with TERT expression, but T349C carriers had significantly shorter disease-free survival. TERT gains (15-25% of cases) were strongly correlated with increased TERT mRNA expression and worse patient prognosis in terms of disease-free and overall survival. Particularly aggressive breast cancers were characterized by an association of TERT gains with MYC overexpression. These results evidence a significant effect of gene copy number gain on the level of TERT expression and provide a new insight into the clinical significance of TERT and MYC upregulation in breast cancer.
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8
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Gay-Bellile M, Romero P, Cayre A, Véronèse L, Privat M, Singh S, Combes P, Kwiatkowski F, Abrial C, Bignon YJ, Vago P, Penault-Llorca F, Tchirkov A. ERCC1 and telomere status in breast tumours treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their association with patient prognosis. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:234-246. [PMID: 27785368 PMCID: PMC5068194 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional telomeres and DNA damage repair (DDR) play important roles in cancer progression. Studies have reported correlations between these factors and tumour aggressiveness and clinical outcome in breast cancer. We studied the characteristics of telomeres and expression of ERCC1, a protein involved in a number of DNA repair pathways and in telomere homeostasis, to assess their prognostic value, alone or in combination, in 90 residual breast tumours after treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). ERCC1 status was investigated at different molecular levels (protein and gene expression and gene copy‐number variations) by immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR and quantitative multiplex fluorescent‐PCR (QMF‐PCR). A comprehensive analysis of telomere characteristics was performed using qPCR for telomere length and qRT‐PCR for telomerase (hTERT), tankyrase 1 (TNKS) and shelterin complex (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, TPP1, RAP1 and TIN2) gene expression. Short telomeres, high hTERT and TNKS expression and low ERCC1 protein expression were independently associated with worse survival outcome. Interestingly, ERCC1 gains and losses correlated with worse disease‐free (p = 0.026) and overall (p = 0.043) survival as compared to survival of patients with normal gene copy‐numbers. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of all ERCC1 and telomere parameters identified four subgroups with distinct prognosis. In particular, a cluster combining low ERCC1, ERCC1 gene alterations, dysfunctional telomeres and high hTERT and a cluster with high TNKS and shelterin expression correlated with poor disease‐free (HR= 5.41, p= 0.0044) and overall survival (HR= 6.01, p= 0.0023) irrespective of tumour stage and grade. This comprehensive study demonstrates that telomere dysfunction and DDR can contribute synergistically to tumour progression and chemoresistance. These parameters are predictors of clinical outcome in breast cancer patients treated with NCT and could be useful clinically as prognostic biomarkers to tailor adjuvant chemotherapy post‐NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gay-Bellile
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of Medical CytogeneticsCHU Estaing1 place Lucie et Raymond AubracF-63003Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Pierre Romero
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of PathologyJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center 58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Anne Cayre
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of PathologyJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center 58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Lauren Véronèse
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of Medical CytogeneticsCHU Estaing1 place Lucie et Raymond AubracF-63003Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Maud Privat
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of OncogeneticsJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Shalini Singh
- Medical and Scientific Affairs Office of Pathology, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Roche Group 1910 E Innovation Park Drive Tucson AZ 85755 USA
| | - Patricia Combes
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of Medical CytogeneticsCHU Estaing1 place Lucie et Raymond AubracF-63003Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Clinical and Translational Research DivisionJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center 58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Catherine Abrial
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Clinical and Translational Research DivisionJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center 58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of OncogeneticsJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance; Biological Resource Center BB-0033-00075, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center 58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Philippe Vago
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of Medical CytogeneticsCHU Estaing1 place Lucie et Raymond AubracF-63003Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of PathologyJean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center 58 rue MontalembertF-63011Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Andreï Tchirkov
- ERTICA EA4677 Research Team, University of Auvergne, Faculty of Medecine28 place Henri DunantF-63001Clermont-FerrandFrance; Department of Medical CytogeneticsCHU Estaing1 place Lucie et Raymond AubracF-63003Clermont-FerrandFrance
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9
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Identification of Proximal and Distal 22q11.2 Microduplications among Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Novel Inherited Atypical 0.6 Mb Duplication. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:398063. [PMID: 26640714 PMCID: PMC4660028 DOI: 10.1155/2015/398063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Misalignments of low-copy repeats (LCRs) located in chromosome 22, particularly band 22q11.2, predispose to rearrangements. A variety of phenotypic features are associated with 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome which makes it challenging for the genetic counselors to recommend appropriate genetic assessment and counseling for the patients. In this study, multiplex ligation probe dependent amplification (MLPA) analysis was performed on 378 patients with cleft lip and/or palate to characterize rearrangements in patients suspected of 22q11.2 microduplication and microdeletion syndromes. Of 378 cases, 15 were diagnosed with a microdeletion with various sizes and 3 with duplications. For the first time in this study an atypical 0.6 Mb duplication is reported. Illustration of the phenotypes associated with the microduplications increases the knowledge of phenotypes reported in the literature.
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10
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Burnside RD. 22q11.21 Deletion Syndromes: A Review of Proximal, Central, and Distal Deletions and Their Associated Features. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 146:89-99. [PMID: 26278718 DOI: 10.1159/000438708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.21 contains a cluster of low-copy repeats (LCRs), referred to as LCR22A-H, that mediate meiotic non-allelic homologous recombination, resulting in either deletion or duplication of various intervals in the region. The deletion of the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome interval LCR22A-D is the most common recurrent microdeletion in humans, with an estimated incidence of ∼1:4,000 births. Deletion of other intervals in 22q11.21 have also been described, but the literature is often confusing, as the terms 'proximal', 'nested', 'distal', and 'atypical' have all been used to describe various of the other intervals. Individuals with deletions tend to have features with widely variable expressivity, even among families. This review concisely delineates each interval and classifies the reported literature accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Burnside
- Department of Cytogenetics, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA
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11
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Diehl A, Mu W, Batista D, Gunay-Aygun M. An atypical 0.73 MB microduplication of 22q11.21 and a novel SALL4 missense mutation associated with thumb agenesis and radioulnar synostosis. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1644-9. [PMID: 25823593 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe a 0.73 Mb duplication of chromosome 22q11.21 between LCR-B and LCR-D and a missense mutation in a conserved C2H2 zinc finger domain of SALL4 in a cognitively normal patient with multiple skeletal anomalies including radioulnar synostosis, thumb aplasia, butterfly vertebrae, rib abnormalities, and hypoplasia of the humeral and femoral epiphyses. 22q11.21 is a common site for microdeletions and their reciprocal microduplications as a result of non-allelic homologous recombination between its multiple low copy repeat regions (LCR). DiGeorge /Velocardiofacial syndrome (DG/VCFS) is classically caused by a 3 Mb deletion between LCR-A and LCR-D or a 1.5 Mb deletion between LCR-A and LCR-B. The reciprocal syndrome to DG/VCFS is the recently described 22q11.2 microduplication, which usually presents with the typical 3 Mb or 1.5 Mb duplication. Numerous atypical deletions and duplications have been reported between other LCRs. Typically, SALL4-related Duane-radial ray syndrome is caused by deletions or nonsense mutations; the only missense SALL4 mutation described prior was thought to result in gain of function and produced cranial midline defects. The skeletal anomalies presented in this report have not been previously described in association with 22q11.2 microduplication nor SALL4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Diehl
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weiyi Mu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Denise Batista
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cytogenetics and Microarray Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kim HJ, Jo HS, Yoo EG, Chung IH, Kim SW, Lee KH, Chang YH. 22q11.2 Microduplication with thyroid hemiagenesis. Horm Res Paediatr 2013; 79:243-9. [PMID: 23364243 DOI: 10.1159/000346411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplications are extremely rarely detected; in comparison, the deletion of same region, known as the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome, occurs more frequently. Thyroid anomalies commonly occur in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, however few reports of thyroid anomalies associated with 22q11.2 microduplication have been published thus far. CASE REPORT We present a case of a male infant who was prenatally diagnosed with 22q11.2 microduplication and was found to have congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid hemiagenesis after birth. Moreover, the baby had bilateral hearing impairment, bilateral cryptorchidism, and a rotated penis. At the age of 2 years, the infant was euthyroid with levothyroxine replacement, but he showed significant developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first case of congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hemiagenesis in a patient showing 22q11.2 microduplication. Thyroid dysgenesis could be an additional clinical feature shared by the 22q11.2 microduplication and deletion syndrome, suggesting that the duplication and deletion of a gene may result in a common phenotype. Thyroid dysgenesis should be considered in the evaluation and management of patients with this genomic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Tarsitano M, Ceglia C, Novelli A, Capalbo A, Lombardo B, Pastore L, Fioretti G, Vicari L, Pisanti MA, Friso P, Cavaliere ML. Microduplications in 22q11.2 and 8q22.1 associated with mild mental retardation and generalized overgrowth. Gene 2013; 536:213-6. [PMID: 24315824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 microduplication is a genomic disorder, characterized from a variable phenotype ranging from different defects to normality. The most common microduplication of 22q11.2 is 3 Mb in size, but there are also cases reported with atypical duplications between 0.8 Mb and 6Mb. Here, we describe a case of a child with macrocephaly, overgrowth with advanced bone age, attention deficits, evidence of mild mental retardation and dysmorphic features. An array-CGH analysis detected a 252 Kb duplication at the 22q11.2 region inherited from mother and 142 Kb duplication at 8q22.1 region inherited from father. Both parents show mild dysmorphic features. The duplicated genes in chromosomes 22q and 8q are TOP3B and PGCP, respectively. We describe for the first time a patient carrying the smaller atypical 22q11.2 duplication who also presents with mild mental retardation and generalized overgrowth. This patient has an additional duplication in 8q22.1 which may act as a genomic modifier of its clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Ceglia
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Mendel Laboratory, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Capalbo
- Mendel Laboratory, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy; Department Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy; Department Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Vicari
- Service of Medical Genetics, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Friso
- Service of Medical Genetics, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Ribeiro-Bicudo LA, de Campos Legnaro C, Gamba BF, Candido Sandri RM, Richieri-Costa A. Cognitive deficit, learning difficulties, severe behavioral abnormalities and healed cleft lip in a patient with a 1.2-mb distal microduplication at 22q11.2. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:292-6. [PMID: 24167465 DOI: 10.1159/000354095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 duplication syndrome has been recently characterized as a new entity with features overlapping the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Most 22q11.2 duplications represent reciprocal events of the typical 3-Mb deletions extending between low copy repeat (LCR) 22-A and LCR22-D. It has been suggested that the clinical manifestations observed in patients with 22q11.2 microduplications may range from milder phenotypes to multiple severe defects, and this variability could be responsible for many undetected cases. Here, we report on a patient with a 1.2-Mb microduplication at 22q11.2 spanning LCR22-F and LCR22-H which harbor the SMARCB1 and SNRPD3 genes. The patient presented healed cleft lip, mild facial dysmorphism, cognitive deficit, and delayed language development associated with severe behavioral problems including learning difficulties and aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ribeiro-Bicudo
- Division of Syndromology, Department of Clinical Genetics and Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo State, Botucatu, Brazil
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Talebizadeh Z, Arking DE, Hu VW. A Novel Stratification Method in Linkage Studies to Address Inter- and Intra-Family Heterogeneity in Autism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67569. [PMID: 23840741 PMCID: PMC3694043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most genome linkage scans for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have failed to be replicated. Recently, a new ASD phenotypic sub-classification method was developed which employed cluster analyses of severity scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Here, we performed linkage analysis for each of the four identified ADI-R stratified subgroups. Additional stratification was also applied to reduce intra-family heterogeneity and to investigate the impact of gender. For the purpose of replication, two independent sets of single nucleotide polymorphism markers for 392 families were used in our study. This deep subject stratification protocol resulted in 16 distinct group-specific datasets for linkage analysis. No locus reached significance for the combined non-stratified cohort. However, study-wide significant (P = 0.02) linkage scores were reached for chromosomes 22q11 (LOD = 4.43) and 13q21 (LOD = 4.37) for two subsets representing the most severely language impaired individuals with ASD. Notably, 13q21 has been previously linked to autism with language impairment, and 22q11 has been separately associated with either autism or language disorders. Linkage analysis on chromosome 5p15 for a combination of two stratified female-containing subgroups demonstrated suggestive linkage (LOD = 3.5), which replicates previous linkage result for female-containing pedigrees. A trend was also found for the association of previously reported 5p14-p15 SNPs in the same female-containing cohort. This study demonstrates a novel and effective method to address the heterogeneity in genetic studies of ASD. Moreover, the linkage results for the stratified subgroups provide evidence at the gene scan level for both inter- and intra-family heterogeneity as well as for gender-specific loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Talebizadeh
- Medical Genetics Research, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Valerie W. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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Genetic insights into the functional elements of language. Hum Genet 2013; 132:959-86. [PMID: 23749164 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Language disorders cover a wide range of conditions with heterologous and overlapping phenotypes and complex etiologies harboring both genetic and environmental influences. Genetic approaches including the identification of genes linked to speech and language phenotypes and the characterization of normal and aberrant functions of these genes have, in recent years, unraveled complex details of molecular and cognitive mechanisms and provided valuable insight into the biological foundations of language. Consistent with this approach, we have reviewed the functional aspects of allelic variants of genes which are currently known to be either causally associated with disorders of speech and language or impact upon the spectrum of normal language ability. We have also reviewed candidate genes associated with heritable speech and language disorders. In addition, we have evaluated language phenotypes and associated genetic components in developmental syndromes that, together with a spectrum of altered language abilities, manifest various phenotypes and offer details of multifactorial determinants of language function. Data from this review have revealed a predominance of regulatory networks involved in the control of differentiation and functioning of neurons, neuronal tracks and connections among brain structures associated with both cognitive and language faculties. Our findings, furthermore, have highlighted several multifactorial determinants in overlapping speech and language phenotypes. Collectively this analysis has revealed an interconnected developmental network and a close association of the language faculty with cognitive functions, a finding that has the potential to provide insight into linguistic hypotheses defining in particular, the contribution of genetic elements to and the modular nature of the language faculty.
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