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Qiao F, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu G, Shao B, Hu P, Xu Z. Case Report: Prenatal Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify a Novel Heterozygous Synonymous Variant in NIPBL in a Fetus With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Front Genet 2021; 12:628890. [PMID: 33633789 PMCID: PMC7900548 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.628890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of abnormalities, including craniofacial dysmorphism, upper limb anomalies, pre- and post-natal growth restrictions, hirsutism and intellectual disability. Approximately 60% of cases are caused by NIPBL variants. Herein we report on a prenatal case presented with bilateral upper-extremity malformations and cardiac defects. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the fetus–parental trio and a de novo heterozygous synonymous variant in NIPBL [chr5:37020979; NM_133433.4: c.5328G>A, p. (Gln1776=)] was identified. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was conducted to evaluate the potential splicing effect of this variant, which confirmed that the variant caused a deletion of exon 27 (103 bp) by disrupting the splice-donor site and changed the reading frame with the insertion of at least three stop codons. Our finding not only expands the mutation spectrum of NIPBL gene but also establishes the crucial role of WES in searching for underlying genetic variants. In addition, our research raises the important issue that synonymous mutations may be potential pathogenic variants and should not be neglected in clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchang Qiao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Shao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li R, Tian B, Liang H, Chen M, Yang H, Wang L, Pan H, Zhu H. A Chinese Case of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Caused by a Pathogenic Variant in SMC3 and a Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:604500. [PMID: 34659104 PMCID: PMC8515141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.604500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital developmental disorder, and cases caused by variants in SMC3 are infrequent. This article describes a case of CdLS related to a pathogenic variant in SMC3 and performs a literature review. METHODS We collected clinical data and biological samples from a 12-year-old boy with "short stature for 11 years". Gene variants in the proband were detected by whole-exome sequencing, and the variants in his parents were verified by Sanger sequencing. All SMC3-related CdLS patients from the PubMed and Web of Science databases were collected and summarized using the available data. RESULTS A pathogenic variant in SMC3 in the proband, c.1942A>G, was identified. Neither of his parents carried the same variant. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with CdLS with variants in SMC3, including the cases in this study and those reported in the literature, where half of the variant types were missense, followed by 32% (9/28) with a deletion and 11% (3/28) with a duplication. All patients showed symptoms of verbal development delay and intellectual disability to different degrees, and 90% patients had long eyelashes while 89% patients had arched eyebrows. CONCLUSION This study summarized different gene variants in SMC3 and the frequencies of the various clinical manifestations according to the reported literature. For CdLS caused by SMC3 variants, short stature and facial dysmorphic features are the two most important clinical clues. Definite diagnosis of this rare disease may be challenging clinically; thus, it is significant to use molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Zhu,
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Parma B, Cianci P, Decimi V, Mariani M, Provero MC, Funari C, Tajè S, Apuril E, Cereda A, Panceri R, Maitz S, Fossati C, Selicorni A. Complex nutritional deficiencies in a large cohort of Italian patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2094-2101. [PMID: 32648352 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome Spectrum (CdLSp) is characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and growth impairment. Although eating difficulties are a well-known feature of the disease, there is no data regarding the nutritional deficiencies of these patients. The food intake was tracked using a dietary transcription provided by the family/caregivers, biochemical nutritional parameters were measured with laboratory tests and through an accurate clinical evaluation of the incidence of qualitative and quantitative imbalances in a cohort of 73 patients with CdLSp ware determined. Of these 73, 62 (85%) subjects provided a complete and detailed dietary transcription. In the studied population, a quantitative caloric imbalance in 47/62 (76%) subjects was observed. The caloric intake was low in 27/62 (43%) subjects whereas excessive in 20/62 (33%). Only 15/62 (24%) had an optimum caloric intake. Regarding micronutrients, a calcium intake deficiency in 32% of the patients (20/62) was observed. Blood tests revealed a low iron level in 22/73 (30%) of the patients and 25(OH)D deficiency in 49/73 (67%). Serum hypocalcemia was not evidenced. Qualitative and quantitative imbalances resulted in more frequent than expected in CdLSp patients. A qualitative imbalance was more prevalent in younger patients while in older patients prevailed mainly a quantitative disproportion. We found no statistically meaningful correlation between dietary imbalances, genetic, or clinical parameters. Our findings highlight the need for further studies to evaluate the basal metabolic rate of CdLSp patients and find a correlation with their growth impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Parma
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | | | - Milena Mariani
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | | | - Caterina Funari
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | - Silvia Tajè
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | - Erika Apuril
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberto Panceri
- Department of Pediatrics, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Department of Pediatrics, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Pediatrics, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
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Latorre-Pellicer A, Ascaso Á, Trujillano L, Gil-Salvador M, Arnedo M, Lucia-Campos C, Antoñanzas-Pérez R, Marcos-Alcalde I, Parenti I, Bueno-Lozano G, Musio A, Puisac B, Kaiser FJ, Ramos FJ, Gómez-Puertas P, Pié J. Evaluating Face2Gene as a Tool to Identify Cornelia de Lange Syndrome by Facial Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031042. [PMID: 32033219 PMCID: PMC7038094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristic or classic phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is associated with a recognisable facial pattern. However, the heterogeneity in causal genes and the presence of overlapping syndromes have made it increasingly difficult to diagnose only by clinical features. DeepGestalt technology, and its app Face2Gene, is having a growing impact on the diagnosis and management of genetic diseases by analysing the features of affected individuals. Here, we performed a phenotypic study on a cohort of 49 individuals harbouring causative variants in known CdLS genes in order to evaluate Face2Gene utility and sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of CdLS. Based on the profile images of patients, a diagnosis of CdLS was within the top five predicted syndromes for 97.9% of our cases and even listed as first prediction for 83.7%. The age of patients did not seem to affect the prediction accuracy, whereas our results indicate a correlation between the clinical score and affected genes. Furthermore, each gene presents a different pattern recognition that may be used to develop new neural networks with the goal of separating different genetic subtypes in CdLS. Overall, we conclude that computer-assisted image analysis based on deep learning could support the clinical diagnosis of CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Ángela Ascaso
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Trujillano
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Marta Gil-Salvador
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Maria Arnedo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Cristina Lucia-Campos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Rebeca Antoñanzas-Pérez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Iñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Molecular Modelling Group, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO (CSIC-UAM), E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Bioscience Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (I.P.); (F.J.K.)
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Frank J. Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (I.P.); (F.J.K.)
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Feliciano J. Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO (CSIC-UAM), E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (P.G.-P.); Tel.: +34-976-761677 (J.P.); +34-91-1964663 (P.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (P.G.-P.); Tel.: +34-976-761677 (J.P.); +34-91-1964663 (P.G.-P.)
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5
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Kline AD, Moss JF, Selicorni A, Bisgaard AM, Deardorff MA, Gillett PM, Ishman SL, Kerr LM, Levin AV, Mulder PA, Ramos FJ, Wierzba J, Ajmone PF, Axtell D, Blagowidow N, Cereda A, Costantino A, Cormier-Daire V, FitzPatrick D, Grados M, Groves L, Guthrie W, Huisman S, Kaiser FJ, Koekkoek G, Levis M, Mariani M, McCleery JP, Menke LA, Metrena A, O'Connor J, Oliver C, Pie J, Piening S, Potter CJ, Quaglio AL, Redeker E, Richman D, Rigamonti C, Shi A, Tümer Z, Van Balkom IDC, Hennekam RC. Diagnosis and management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:649-666. [PMID: 29995837 PMCID: PMC7136165 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an archetypical genetic syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability, well-defined facial features, upper limb anomalies and atypical growth, among numerous other signs and symptoms. It is caused by variants in any one of seven genes, all of which have a structural or regulatory function in the cohesin complex. Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have improved molecular diagnostics, marked heterogeneity exists in clinical and molecular diagnostic approaches and care practices worldwide. Here, we outline a series of recommendations that document the consensus of a group of international experts on clinical diagnostic criteria, both for classic CdLS and non-classic CdLS phenotypes, molecular investigations, long-term management and care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Centre, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanna F Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Paediatrics, Presidio S. Femro, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter M Gillett
- GI Department, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lynne M Kerr
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Utah Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Mulder
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital 'Lozano Blesa' CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David Axtell
- CdLS Foundation UK and Ireland, The Tower, North Stifford, Grays, Essex, UK
| | - Natalie Blagowidow
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - David FitzPatrick
- Human Genetics Unit, Medical and Developmental Genetics, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco Grados
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Groves
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Whitney Guthrie
- Centre for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Huisman
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mary Levis
- Wicomico County Board of Education, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | - Milena Mariani
- Clinical Paediatric Genetics Unit, Paediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Joseph P McCleery
- Centre for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonie A Menke
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Julia O'Connor
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital 'Lozano Blesa' CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sigrid Piening
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carol J Potter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ana L Quaglio
- Genética Médica, Hospital del Este, Eva Perón, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Richman
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Rigamonti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angell Shi
- The Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ingrid D C Van Balkom
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
- Rob Giel Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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6
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Kataoka K, Matsushima T, Ito Y, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Asahara H. Bhlha9 regulates apical ectodermal ridge formation during limb development. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:64-72. [PMID: 28324176 PMCID: PMC6324935 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) and SHFM combined with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD) are congenital dysgeneses of the limb. Although six different loci/mutations (SHFM1-SHFM6) have been found from studies on families with SHFM, the causes and associated pathogenic mechanisms for a large number of patients remain unidentified. On the basis of the identification of a duplicated gene region involving BHLHA9 in some affected families, BHLHA9 was identified as a novel SHFM/SHFLD-related gene. Although Bhlha9 is predicted to participate in limb development as a transcription factor, its precise function is unclear. Therefore, to study its physiological function, we generated a Bhlha9-knockout mouse and investigated gene expression and the associated phenotype in the limb bud. Bhlha9-knockout mice showed syndactyly and poliosis in the limb. Moreover, some apical ectodermal ridge (AER) formation related genes, including Trp63, exhibited an aberrant expression pattern in the limb bud of Bhlha9-knockout mice; TP63 (Trp63) was regulated by Bhlha9 on the basis of in vitro analysis. These observations suggest that Bhlha9 regulates AER formation during limb/finger development by regulating the expression of some AER-formation-related genes and abnormal expression of Bhlha9 leads to SHFM and SHFLD via dysregulation of AER formation and associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0074, Japan.
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7
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Pié J, Puisac B, Hernández-Marcos M, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Gil-Rodríguez M, Baquero-Montoya C, Ramos-Cáceres M, Bernal M, Ayerza-Casas A, Bueno I, Gómez-Puertas P, Ramos FJ. Special cases in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: The Spanish experience. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:198-205. [PMID: 27164022 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant (NIPBL, SMC3, and RAD21) or X-linked (SMC1A and HDAC8) disorder, characterized by distinctive craniofacial appearance, growth retardation, intellectual disability, and limb anomalies. In 2005, the Spanish CdLS Reference Center was started and now we have more than 270 cases in our database. In this special issue, we describe some of the unique or atypical patients studied by our group, whose clinical features have contributed to the expansion of the CdLS classical phenotype, helping clinicians to diagnose it. We include the case of a male with unilateral tibial hypoplasia and peroneal agenesis who had a mutation in NIPBL; we also describe one patient with a mutation in NIPBL and somatic mosaicism identified by new generation sequencing techniques; we also include one patient with CdLS and Turner syndrome; and last, an interesting patient with a duplication of the SMC1A gene. Finally, we make a short review of the splicing mutations we have found in NIPBL regarding the new knowledge on the physiological variants of the gene. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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