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Chen X, Yu B, Wang Z, Li Q, Dai C, Wei J. Two novel mutations within FREM1 gene in patients with bifid nose. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:631. [PMID: 38097983 PMCID: PMC10720098 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifid nose is a rare congenital deformity and the etiology is unknown. The purpose of this study was to report genetic variation in family of patients with bifid nose. METHODS Twenty-three consecutive patients who were diagnosed with mild bifid nose were operated with z-plasty from 2009 to 2021. Three underage patients (a pair of twins and a girl) from two family lines, who came to our hospital for surgical treatment, were enrolled. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were conducted. Z-shaped flaps were created and the cartilago alaris major were re-stitched. Photographs and CT scan before and after surgery were obtained. Clinical outcomes, complications and patients' satisfaction were evaluated and analyzed. The follow-up time ranges from 2 to 3 years (2.4 ± 1.2 years). RESULTS Most patients were satisfied with the outcome (96.2%). The nasal deformities were corrected successfully with z-plasty technique in one-stage. FREM1 c.870_876del and c.2 T > C were detected with Whole exome sequencing, which have not been reported before. The results of Sanger sequencing were consistent with those of Whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The newly detected mutations of FREM1 have a certain heritability, and are helpful to make an accurate diagnosis and provide a better understanding of bifid nose mechanism. Z-plasty technique can be an effective technical approach for correcting mild bifid nose deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Landau-Prat D, Kim DH, Bautista S, Strong A, Revere KE, Katowitz WR, Katowitz JA. Cryptophthalmos: associated syndromes and genetic disorders. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:547-552. [PMID: 37493047 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2237568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cryptophthalmos is a rare congenital condition caused by anomalous eyelid development where the eyelid folds do not develop or fail to separate. Cryptophthalmos can be unilateral or bilateral and can occur in isolation or as part of an underlying syndrome. We aim to identify genetic syndromes associated with cryptophthalmos to facilitate genetic diagnosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective medical record review of all patients diagnosed with cryptophthalmos followed at a single center between 2000 and 2020. The analysis included medical history, clinical examination findings, and genetic testing results. RESULTS Thirteen patients were included, 10 (77%) males, mean age of 2.4 years. Eight (61%) had bilateral cryptophthalmos, and 4 (31%) had complete cryptophthalmos. Associated ocular abnormalities included corneal opacities (13/13, 100%), upper eyelid colobomas (12/13, 92%), and microphthalmia/clinical anophthalmia (3/13, 23%). All cases of complete cryptophthalmos had bilateral disease. An underlying clinical or molecular diagnosis was identified in 10/13 (77%) cases, including Fraser syndrome (n = 5), amniotic band syndrome (n = 1), FREM1-related disease (n = 1), Goldenhar versus Schimmelpenning syndrome (n = 1), MOTA syndrome (n = 1), and CELSR2-related disease (n = 1). CONCLUSION This is the first report of a possible association between cryptophthalmos and biallelic CELSR2 variants. Children with cryptophthalmos, especially those with extra-ocular involvement, should be referred for comprehensive genetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Landau-Prat
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Diana H Kim
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sana Bautista
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alanna Strong
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen E Revere
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R Katowitz
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James A Katowitz
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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McLaughlin MT, Sun MR, Beames TG, Steward AC, Theisen JWM, Chung HM, Everson JL, Moskowitz IP, Sheets MD, Lipinski RJ. Frem1 activity is regulated by Sonic hedgehog signaling in the cranial neural crest mesenchyme during midfacial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:483-494. [PMID: 36495293 PMCID: PMC10066825 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frem1 has been linked to human face shape variation, dysmorphology, and malformation, but little is known about its regulation and biological role in facial development. RESULTS During midfacial morphogenesis in mice, we observed Frem1 expression in the embryonic growth centers that form the median upper lip, nose, and palate. Expansive spatial gradients of Frem1 expression in the cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme of these tissues suggested transcriptional regulation by a secreted morphogen. Accordingly, Frem1 expression paralleled that of the conserved Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) target gene Gli1 in the cNCC mesenchyme. Suggesting direct transcriptional regulation by Shh signaling, we found that Frem1 expression is induced by SHH ligand stimulation or downstream pathway activation in cNCCs and observed GLI transcription factor binding at the Frem1 transcriptional start site during midfacial morphogenesis. Finally, we found that FREM1 is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and that Shh pathway antagonism reduces Frem1 expression during pathogenesis of midfacial hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating that the Shh signaling pathway regulates Frem1 expression in cNCCs, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying variation in midfacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. McLaughlin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Miranda R. Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler G. Beames
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Austin C. Steward
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joshua W. M. Theisen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hannah M. Chung
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joshua L. Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael D. Sheets
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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4
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Berrada S, Tazzite A, Bouzroud W, Gazzaz B, Lehlimi M, Dehbi H. Novel FREM1 homozygous variant in an individual with an intermediate phenotype between Bifid Nose with or without Anorectal and Renal Anomalies and Manitoba-oculo-tricho-anal syndromes. Clin Dysmorphol 2023; 32:36-38. [PMID: 36503923 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Berrada
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital
| | - Amal Tazzite
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca
| | - Wafaa Bouzroud
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital
| | - Bouchaib Gazzaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca
- Genetics Anlysis Institute, Royal Gendarmerie, Rabat
| | - Mouna Lehlimi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Abderrahim Harouchi Children's Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hind Dehbi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca
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5
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Schierz IAM, Piro E, Giuffrè M, Pinello G, Angelini A, Antona V, Cimador M, Corsello G. Clinical and genetic approach in the characterization of newborns with anorectal malformation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:4513-4520. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1854213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ettore Piro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Pinello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Angelini
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Cimador
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Pediatric Surgery Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
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6
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Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to the Etiology of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Review and Novel Cases. J Pediatr 2022; 246:251-265.e2. [PMID: 35314152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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The Potential Role of FREM1 and Its Isoform TILRR in HIV-1 Acquisition through Mediating Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157825. [PMID: 34360591 PMCID: PMC8346017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1) and its splice variant TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator) have been identified as integral components of innate immune systems. The potential involvement of FREM1 in HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) acquisition was suggested by a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis of HIV-1 resistant and susceptible sex workers enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort (PSWC) in Nairobi, Kenya. The studies showed that the minor allele of a FREM1 SNP rs1552896 is highly enriched in the HIV-1 resistant female sex workers. Subsequent studies showed that FREM1 mRNA is highly expressed in tissues relevant to mucosal HIV-1 infection, including cervical epithelial tissues, and TILRR is a major modulator of many genes in the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. In this article, we review the role of FREM1 and TILRR in modulating inflammatory responses and inflammation, and how their influence on inflammatory responses of cervicovaginal tissue could enhance the risk of vaginal HIV-1 acquisition.
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8
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Dawson AJ, Hovanes K, Liu J, Marles S, Greenberg C, Mhanni A, Chudley A, Frosk P, Sahoo T, Schanze D, Zenker M. Heterozygous intragenic deletions of FREM1 are not associated with trigonocephaly. Clin Dysmorphol 2021; 30:83-88. [PMID: 33038106 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recessive mutations in FRAS1-related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) are associated with two rare genetic disorders, Manitoba-oculo-tricho-anal (MOTA) and bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies (BNAR). Fraser syndrome is a more severe disorder that shows phenotypic overlap with both MOTA and anorectal and renal anomalies and results from mutations in FRAS1, FREM2 and GRIP1. Heterozygous missense mutations in FREM1 were reported in association with isolated trigonocephaly with dominant inheritance and incomplete penetrance. Moreover, large deletions encompassing FREM1 have been reported in association with a syndromic form of trigonocephaly and were designated as trigonocephaly type 2. Trigonocephaly results from premature closure of the metopic suture and typically manifests as a form of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. We report on 20 patients evaluated for developmental delay and without abnormal metopic suture. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed heterozygous FREM1 deletions in 18 patients and in 4 phenotypically normal parents. Two patients were diagnosed with MOTA and had homozygous FREM1 deletions. Therefore, although our results are consistent with the previous reports of homozygous deletions causing MOTA, we report no association between heterozygous FREM1 deletions and trigonocephaly in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika J Dawson
- Genomics, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Genomics, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sandra Marles
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cheryl Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aziz Mhanni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Albert Chudley
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick Frosk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Program of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg Leipziger Str. 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg Leipziger Str. 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
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9
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Gu S, Khoong Y, Huang X, Zan T. Facial cleft? The first case of manitoba-oculo-tricho-anal syndrome with novel mutations in China: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:46. [PMID: 33478401 PMCID: PMC7818766 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manitoba-oculo-tricho-anal (MOTA) syndrome is a rare syndrome with only 27 cases reported worldwide so far, but none was reported in the population of Eastern Asia. Such extremely low prevalence might be contributed by misdiagnosis due to its similarities in ocular manifestations with facial cleft. In our study, we discovered the first case of MOTA syndrome in the population of China, with 2 novel FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) gene stop-gain mutations confirmed by whole exome sequencing. Case presentation A 12-year-old Chinese girl presented with facial cleft-like deformities including aberrant hairline, blepharon-coloboma and broad bifid nose since birth. Whole exome sequencing resulted in the identification of 2 novel stop-gain mutations in the FREM1 gene. Diagnosis of MOTA syndrome was then established. Conclusions We discovered the first sporadic case of MOTA syndrome according to clinical manifestations and genetic etiology in the Chinese population. We have identified 2 novel stop-gain mutations in FREM1 gene which further expands the spectrum of mutational seen in the MOTA syndrome. Further research should be conducted for better understanding of its mechanism, establishment of an accurate diagnosis, and eventually the exploitation of a more effective and comprehensive therapeutic intervention for MOTA syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Khoong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Kashem MA, Li H, Toledo NP, Omange RW, Liang B, Liu LR, Li L, Yang X, Yuan XY, Kindrachuk J, Plummer FA, Luo M. Toll-like Interleukin 1 Receptor Regulator Is an Important Modulator of Inflammation Responsive Genes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:272. [PMID: 30873160 PMCID: PMC6403165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator), a transcript variant of FREM1, is a novel regulatory component, which stimulates innate immune responses through binding to IL-1R1 (Interleukin-1 receptor, type 1) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) complex. However, it is not known whether TILRR expression influences other genes in the NFκB signal transduction and pro-inflammatory responses. Our previous study identified FREM1 as a novel candidate gene in HIV-1 resistance/susceptibility in the Pumwani Sex worker cohort. In this study, we investigated the effect of TILRR overexpression on expression of genes in the NFκB signaling pathway in vitro. The effect of TILRR on mRNA expression of 84 genes related to NFκB signal transduction pathway was investigated by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of TILRR on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine(s) secretion in cell culture supernatants was analyzed using Bioplex multiplex bead assay. We found that TILRR overexpression significantly influenced expression of many genes in HeLa and VK2/E6E7 cells. Several cytokine/chemokine(s), including IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and RANTES (CCL5) were significantly increased in the cell culture supernatants following TILRR overexpression. Although how TILRR influences the expression of these genes needs to be further studied, we are the first to show the influence of TILRR on many genes in the NFκB inflammatory pathways. The NFκB inflammatory response pathways are extremely important in microbial infection and pathogenesis, including HIV-1 transmission. Further study of the role of TILRR may identify the novel intervention targets and strategies against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nikki Pauline Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Were Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lewis Ruxi Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xuefen Yang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xin-Yong Yuan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Yu Q, Lin B, Xie S, Gao S, Li W, Liu Y, Wang H, Huang D, Xie Z. A homozygous mutation p.Arg2167Trp in FREM2 causes isolated cryptophthalmos. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2357-2366. [PMID: 29688405 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophthalmos (CO, MIM: 123570) is rare congenital anomalies of eyelid formation, which can occur alone or in combination with multiple congenital anomalies as part of Fraser syndrome (FS) or Manitoba Oculotrichoanal syndrome. Causal mutations have been identified for these syndromes but not in the isolated cases. Here, we described two patients from two unrelated Chinese families: one with unilateral isolated CO, while the other with unilateral CO and renal agenesis. A novel homozygous mutation (c.6499C>T: p.Arg2167Trp) and compound heterozygote mutations (c.15delG; c.6499C>T: p.Arg2167Trp) in FREM2 (NM_172862) were identified for the two patients, respectively. The deletion mutation c.15delG resulted in a frameshift and triggered the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. For the shared missense mutation, p.Arg2167Trp altered a conserved residue and was predicted to affect protein structure by in silico analysis. Functional analysis revealed that Arg2167Trp mutant decreased its interaction with FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) and impaired the function of the FRAS1-FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM2)-FREM1 ternary complex required for normal embryogenesis. Furthermore, considering that mutation (c.5914C>T: p.Glu1972Lys) in FREM2 causes FS, a severe systemic disorder, we also compared these two different missense mutations. Our results showed that p.Arg2167Trp had a weaker effect in interrupting interactions between FREM2 and FREM1 than FS-associated missense mutation p.Glu1972Lys. Overall, our data demonstrate that the homozygous mutation p.Arg2167Trp in FREM2 causes isolated CO, which will facilitate our better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Shangqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Song Gao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Retinal Neurobiology Section, National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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