1
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Cavusoglu D, Ozturk G, Turkdogan D, Kurul SH, Yis U, Komur M, Incecik F, Kara B, Sahin T, Unver O, Dilber C, Mert GG, Gunay C, Uzan GS, Ersoy O, Oktay Y, Mermer S, Tuncer GO, Gungor O, Ozcora GDK, Gumus U, Sezer O, Cetin GO, Demir F, Yilmaz A, Gurbuz G, Topcu M, Topaloglu H, Ceylan AC, Ceylaner S, Gleeson JG, Icagasioglu DF, Sonmez FM. Evaluation of the Patients with the Diagnosis of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia: A Multicenter National Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01690-1. [PMID: 38622473 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by hypoplasia and degeneration of the cerebellum and pons. We aimed to identify the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of the patients with diagnosed PCH with confirmed genetic analysis. We collected available clinical data, laboratory, and imaging findings in our retrospective multicenter national study of 64 patients with PCH in Turkey. The genetic analysis included the whole-exome sequencing (WES), targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), or single gene analysis. Sixty-four patients with PCH were 28 female (43.8%) and 36 (56.3%) male. The patients revealed homozygous mutation in 89.1%, consanguinity in 79.7%, pregnancy at term in 85.2%, microcephaly in 91.3%, psychomotor retardation in 98.4%, abnormal neurological findings in 100%, seizure in 63.8%, normal biochemistry and metabolic investigations in 92.2%, and dysmorphic findings in 51.2%. The missense mutation was found to be the most common variant type in all patients with PCH. It was detected as CLP1 (n = 17) was the most common PCH related gene. The homozygous missense variant c.419G > A (p.Arg140His) was identified in all patients with CLP1. Moreover, all patients showed the same homozygous missense variant c.919G > T (p.A307S) in TSEN54 group (n = 6). In Turkey, CLP1 was identified as the most common causative gene with the identical variant c.419G > A; p.Arg140His. The current study supports that genotype data on PCH leads to phenotypic variability over a wide phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Cavusoglu
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ozturk
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilsad Turkdogan
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Hiz Kurul
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Uluc Yis
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Komur
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Faruk Incecik
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bulent Kara
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Turkan Sahin
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Unver
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Dilber
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Gulen Gul Mert
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Gunay
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Ozlem Ersoy
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Oktay
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Mermer
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Oz Tuncer
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Olcay Gungor
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Ugur Gumus
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Dr Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sezer
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Ozan Cetin
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demir
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yilmaz
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Gurbuz
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Meral Topcu
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University,Retired Lecturer, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cevdet Ceylan
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - F Mujgan Sonmez
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Child Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Retired Lecturer, Trabzon, Turkey.
- Yuksek Ihtisas University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Aziziye Mah. Cinnah Cad. 102/3, Cankaya, Ankara, Türkiye.
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2
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Szeto CH, Rubin S, Sidlow R. Homozygous EXOSC3 c.395A>C Variants in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 1B: A Sibling Pair With Childhood Lethal Presentation and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e39226. [PMID: 37337484 PMCID: PMC10277028 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B (PCH1B) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that involves hypoplasia or atrophy of the cerebellum and pons. PCH1B is caused by mutations in EXOSC3, which encodes a subunit of the RNA exosome complex. The most frequently observed mutation in PCH1B patients is a c.395A>C (p.D132A) missense variant, for which the homozygous mutation typically results in milder symptoms compared to compound heterozygous mutations or homozygous mutations for other pathogenic variants. In the present study, we report on a sibling pair harboring homozygous EXOSC3 c.395A>C missense variants who deteriorated more rapidly than previously described. These cases expand the spectrum of clinical manifestations of PCH1B associated with this variant, highlighting the need for further research to determine predictive factors of PCH1B severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ho Szeto
- Medical School for International Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, ISR
| | - Sarina Rubin
- Medical School for International Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, ISR
| | - Richard Sidlow
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, USA
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3
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Slavotinek A, Misceo D, Htun S, Mathisen L, Frengen E, Foreman M, Hurtig JE, Enyenihi L, Sterrett MC, Leung SW, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Estrada-Veras J, Duncan JL, Haaxma CA, Kamsteeg EJ, Xia V, Beleford D, Si Y, Douglas G, Treidene HE, van Hoof A, Fasken MB, Corbett AH. Biallelic variants in the RNA exosome gene EXOSC5 are associated with developmental delays, short stature, cerebellar hypoplasia and motor weakness. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2218-2239. [PMID: 32504085 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA exosome is an essential ribonuclease complex required for processing and/or degradation of both coding and non-coding RNAs. We identified five patients with biallelic variants in EXOSC5, which encodes a structural subunit of the RNA exosome. The clinical features of these patients include failure to thrive, short stature, feeding difficulties, developmental delays that affect motor skills, hypotonia and esotropia. Brain MRI revealed cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. While we ascertained five patients, three patients with distinct variants of EXOSC5 were studied in detail. The first patient had a deletion involving exons 5-6 of EXOSC5 and a missense variant, p.Thr114Ile, that were inherited in trans, the second patient was homozygous for p.Leu206His and the third patient had paternal isodisomy for chromosome 19 and was homozygous for p.Met148Thr. The additional two patients ascertained are siblings who had an early frameshift mutation in EXOSC5 and the p.Thr114Ile missense variant that were inherited in trans. We employed three complementary approaches to explore the requirement for EXOSC5 in brain development and assess consequences of pathogenic EXOSC5 variants. Loss of function for exosc5 in zebrafish results in shortened and curved tails/bodies, reduced eye/head size and edema. We modeled pathogenic EXOSC5 variants in both budding yeast and mammalian cells. Some of these variants cause defects in RNA exosome function as well as altered interactions with other RNA exosome subunits. These findings expand the number of genes encoding RNA exosome subunits linked to human disease while also suggesting that disease mechanism varies depending on the specific pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Stephanie Htun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Linda Mathisen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Michelle Foreman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Hurtig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Sara W Leung
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Juvianee Estrada-Veras
- Department of Pediatrics-Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Uniformed Services University/Walter Reed NMMC Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charlotte A Haaxma
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children's Hospital and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniah Beleford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yue Si
- GeneDx Inc., MD 20877, USA
| | | | - Hans Einar Treidene
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Ambro van Hoof
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Milo B Fasken
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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4
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Calame DG, Herman I, Fatih JM, Du H, Akay G, Jhangiani SN, Coban-Akdemir Z, Milewicz DM, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Marafi D, Hunter JV, Fan Y, Lupski JR, Miyake CY. Risk of sudden cardiac death in EXOSC5-related disease. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2532-2540. [PMID: 34089229 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The RNA exosome is a multi-subunit complex involved in the processing, degradation, and regulated turnover of RNA. Several subunits are linked to Mendelian disorders, including pontocerebellar hypoplasia (EXOSC3, MIM #614678; EXOSC8, MIM #616081: and EXOSC9, MIM #618065) and short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive facies (EXOSC2, MIM #617763). More recently, EXOSC5 (MIM *606492) was found to underlie an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, cerebellar abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies. An unusual feature of EXOSC5-related disease is the occurrence of complete heart block requiring a pacemaker in a subset of affected individuals. Here, we provide a detailed clinical and molecular characterization of two siblings with microcephaly, developmental delay, cerebellar volume loss, hypomyelination, with cardiac conduction and rhythm abnormalities including sinus node dysfunction, intraventricular conduction delay, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia (VT) due to compound heterozygous variants in EXOSC5: (1) NM_020158.4:c.341C > T (p.Thr114Ile; pathogenic, previously reported) and (2) NM_020158.4:c.302C > A (p.Thr101Lys; novel variant). A review of the literature revealed an additional family with biallelic EXOSC5 variants and cardiac conduction abnormalities. These clinical and molecular data provide compelling evidence that cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias are part of the EXOSC5-related disease spectrum and argue for proactive screening due to potential risk of sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Calame
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabella Herman
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,E.B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuxin Fan
- John Welsh Cardiovascular Diagnostic Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Y Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Nuovo S, Micalizzi A, Romaniello R, Arrigoni F, Ginevrino M, Casella A, Serpieri V, D'Arrigo S, Briguglio M, Salerno GG, Rossato S, Sartori S, Leuzzi V, Battini R, Ben-Zeev B, Graziano C, Mirabelli Badenier M, Brankovic V, Nardocci N, Spiegel R, Petković Ramadža D, Vento G, Marti I, Simonati A, Dipresa S, Freri E, Mazza T, Bassi MT, Bosco L, Travaglini L, Zanni G, Bertini ES, Vanacore N, Borgatti R, Valente EM. Refining the mutational spectrum and gene-phenotype correlates in pontocerebellar hypoplasia: results of a multicentric study. J Med Genet 2021; 59:399-409. [PMID: 34085948 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pontocerebellar hypoplasias (PCH) comprise a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by concurrent hypoplasia of the pons and the cerebellum and variable clinical and imaging features. The current classification includes 13 subtypes, with ~20 known causative genes. Attempts have been made to delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated to specific PCH genes, yet clinical and neuroradiological features are not consistent across studies, making it difficult to define gene-specific outcomes. METHODS We performed deep clinical and imaging phenotyping in 56 probands with a neuroradiological diagnosis of PCH, who underwent NGS-based panel sequencing of PCH genes and MLPA for CASK rearrangements. Next, we conducted a phenotype-based unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis to investigate associations between genes and specific phenotypic clusters. RESULTS A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 43 probands (77%). The most common causative gene was CASK, which accounted for nearly half cases (45%) and was mutated in females and occasionally in males. The European founder mutation p.Ala307Ser in TSEN54 and pathogenic variants in EXOSC3 accounted for 18% and 9% of cases, respectively. VLDLR, TOE1 and RARS2 were mutated in single patients. We were able to confirm only few previously reported associations, including jitteriness and clonus with TSEN54 and lower motor neuron signs with EXOSC3. When considering multiple features simultaneously, a clear association with a phenotypic cluster only emerged for EXOSC3. CONCLUSION CASK represents the major PCH causative gene in Italy. Phenotypic variability associated with the most common genetic causes of PCH is wider than previously thought, with marked overlap between CASK and TSEN54-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nuovo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Casella
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Marilena Briguglio
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Gabriella Salerno
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Rossato
- U.O.C. Pediatria, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartori
- Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Pediatric Neurology Department, The Edmond and Lilly Safra Pediatric Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claudio Graziano
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU Policlinico di S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marisol Mirabelli Badenier
- Fondazione Istituto David Chiossone Onlus, Genova, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Vesna Brankovic
- Clinic for Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nardo Nardocci
- Department of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Department of Pediatrics B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Giovanni Vento
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Itxaso Marti
- Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alessandro Simonati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona School of Medicine and Department of Clinical Neuroscience AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Savina Dipresa
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Luca Bosco
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Roma, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy .,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Mu W, Heller T, Barañano KW. Two siblings with a novel variant of EXOSC3 extended phenotypic spectrum of pontocerebellar hypoplasia 1B to an exceptionally mild form. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e236732. [PMID: 33462000 PMCID: PMC7813329 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B (PCH1B) describes an autosomal recessive neurological condition that involves hypoplasia or atrophy of the cerebellum and pons, resulting in neurocognitive impairments. Although there is phenotypic variability, this is often an infantile lethal condition, and most cases have been described to be congenital and neurodegenerative. PCH1B is caused by mutations in the gene EXOSC3, which encodes exosome component 3, a subunit of the human RNA exosome complex. A range of pathogenic variants with some correlation to phenotype have been reported. The most commonly reported pathogenic variant in EXOSC3 is c.395A>C, p.(Asp132Ala); homozygosity for this variant has been proposed to lead to milder phenotypes than compound heterozygosity. In this case, we report two siblings with extraordinarily mild presentations of PCH1B who are compound heterozygous for variants in EXOSC3 c.155delC and c.80T>G. These patients drastically expand the phenotypic variability of PCH1B and raise questions about genotype-phenotype associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Mu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Teresa Heller
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristin W Barañano
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Fraga de Andrade I, Mehta C, Bresnick EH. Post-transcriptional control of cellular differentiation by the RNA exosome complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11913-11928. [PMID: 33119769 PMCID: PMC7708067 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the complexity of intracellular RNA ensembles and vast phenotypic remodeling intrinsic to cellular differentiation, it is instructive to consider the role of RNA regulatory machinery in controlling differentiation. Dynamic post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts is vital for establishing and maintaining proteomes that enable or oppose differentiation. By contrast to extensively studied transcriptional mechanisms governing differentiation, many questions remain unanswered regarding the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Through its catalytic activity to selectively process or degrade RNAs, the RNA exosome complex dictates the levels of RNAs comprising multiple RNA classes, thereby regulating chromatin structure, gene expression and differentiation. Although the RNA exosome would be expected to control diverse biological processes, studies to elucidate its biological functions and how it integrates into, or functions in parallel with, cell type-specific transcriptional mechanisms are in their infancy. Mechanistic analyses have demonstrated that the RNA exosome confers expression of a differentiation regulatory receptor tyrosine kinase, downregulates the telomerase RNA component TERC, confers genomic stability and promotes DNA repair, which have considerable physiological and pathological implications. In this review, we address how a broadly operational RNA regulatory complex interfaces with cell type-specific machinery to control cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Fraga de Andrade
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charu Mehta
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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