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Okuhata K, Monzen H, Nakamura Y, Takai G, Nagano K, Nakamura K, Kubo K, Hosono M. Effectiveness of shielding materials against 177Lu gamma rays and the corresponding distance relationship. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:629-634. [PMID: 37596439 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-023-01860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine the dose reduction of different shielding materials at various distances from a 177Lu photon radiation source. METHODS Two protective aprons with lead equivalent thicknesses of 0.25 mm and 0.35 mm and tungsten-containing rubber (TCR) were used as shielding materials. A vial containing 177Lu was sealed in a lead container so that a narrow beam went out through a 3 mm-diameter hole. The dose rate was measured at distances of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 cm from the source using a NaI scintillation survey meter to obtain the rate of dose reduction. TCR was tested with thicknesses ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm at 0.1 mm intervals and from 1.0 to 4.0 mm at 0.5 mm intervals. RESULTS At distances of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 cm, the dose reduction for the lead equivalent thickness of 0.25 mm were 32.7%, 54.5%, 93.1%, 97.9%, and 99.6%, respectively; and for the lead equivalent thickness of 0.35 mm were 53.4%, 70.6%, 95.6%, 98.9%, and 99.6%, respectively. Without any shielding, the dose rate decreased by 34.4% at 10 cm and by 88.8% at 50 cm from the radiation source. The dose reduction for the TCR thickness of 3.5 mm was 89.8% at 0 cm and 93.3% at 10 cm. The TCR thickness of 0.4 mm provided a dose reduction comparable to or greater than that of the 0.25 mm lead equivalent, whereas the TCR thickness of 1.0 mm or greater provided a dose reduction comparable to that of the 0.35 mm lead equivalent. CONCLUSIONS Achieving a reduction of 95% or more requires the 0.25 mm lead equivalent for a distance of 100 cm, the 0.35 mm lead equivalent for 50 cm, the TCR thickness of 0.3 mm for 100 cm, or the TCR thickness of 0.9 mm for 50 cm. Without wearing a protective apron, a reduction of approximately 95% is observed at distances greater than 100 cm. These findings would be useful for medical staff engaging in related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Okuhata
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 5530003, Japan.
| | - Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama-shi, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 6028566, Japan
| | - Go Takai
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 5530003, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 5530003, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama-shi, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kubo
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama-shi, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Makoto Hosono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama-shi, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
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Crowe S, Luscombe J, Maxwell S, Simpson‐Page E, Poroa T, Wilks R, Li W, Cleland S, Chan P, Lin C, Kairn T. Evaluation of optical 3D scanning system for radiotherapy use. J Med Radiat Sci 2022; 69:218-226. [PMID: 34877819 PMCID: PMC9163482 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optical three-dimensional scanning devices can produce geometrically accurate, high-resolution models of patients suitable for clinical use. This article describes the use of a metrology-grade structured light scanner for the design and production of radiotherapy medical devices and synthetic water-equivalent computer tomography images. METHODS Following commissioning of the device by scanning objects of known properties, 173 scans were performed on 26 volunteers, with observations of subjects and operators collected. RESULTS The fit of devices produced using these scans was assessed, and a workflow for the design of complex devices using a treatment planning system was identified. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations are provided on the use of the device within a radiation oncology department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Crowe
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Herston Biofabrication InstituteMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jenna Luscombe
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarah Maxwell
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emily Simpson‐Page
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tania Poroa
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Rachael Wilks
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Herston Biofabrication InstituteMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Weizheng Li
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Susannah Cleland
- Radiation Oncology Princess Alexandra Raymond TerraceSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Philip Chan
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Charles Lin
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tanya Kairn
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Herston Biofabrication InstituteMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Cleland S, Chan P, Chua B, Crowe SB, Dawes J, Kenny L, Lin C, Obereigner E, Peet SC, Trapp JV, Poroa T, Kairn T. Dosimetric evaluation of a patient-specific 3D-printed oral positioning stent for head-and-neck radiotherapy. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:887-899. [PMID: 34110611 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As head-and-neck radiotherapy treatments become more complex and sophisticated, and the need to control and stabilise the positioning of intra-oral anatomy becomes more important, leading the increasing use of oral positioning stents during head-and-neck radiotherapy simulation and delivery. As an alternative to the established practice of creating oral positioning stents using wax, this study investigated the use of a 3D printing technique. An Ender 5 3D printer (Creality 3D, Shenzhen, China) was used, with PLA+ "food-safe" polylactic acid filament (3D Fillies, Dandenong South, Australia), to produce a low-density 3D printed duplicate of a conventional wax stent. The physical and dosimetric effects of the two stents were evaluated using radiochromic film in a solid head phantom that was modified to include flexible parts. The Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, USA) was used to calculate the dose from two different head-and-neck treatment plans for the phantom with each of the two stents. Examination of the resulting four dose distributions showed that both stents effectively pushed sensitive oral tissues away from the treatment targets, even though most of the phantom was solid. Film measurements confirmed the accuracy of the dose calculations from the treatment planning system, despite the steep density gradients in the treated volume, and demonstrated that the 3D print could be a suitable replacement for the wax stent. This study demonstrated a useful method for dosimetrically testing novel oral positioning stents. We recommend the development of flexible phantoms for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Cleland
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.,Herston Bifabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Radiation Oncology Princess Alexandra Hospital Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Philip Chan
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Chua
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Scott B Crowe
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.,Herston Bifabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jodi Dawes
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Lin
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elise Obereigner
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Herston Bifabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Samuel C Peet
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Jamie V Trapp
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Tania Poroa
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Herston Bifabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Tanya Kairn
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia. .,Herston Bifabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Kairn T, Maxwell SK, Trapp JV, Crowe SB. ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRITY AND LEAD-EQUIVALENCE OF SHIELDED GARMENTS USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL X-RAY IMAGES FROM A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 193:155-164. [PMID: 33822208 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shielded garments are widely recommended for occupational radiation protection in diagnostic and interventional radiology. This study investigated a novel method for efficiently verifying shielded garment integrity while simultaneously acquiring data for lead-equivalence measurements, using two-dimensional topogram images from computed tomography (CT) scanners. This method was tested against more-conventional measurements with superficial and orthovoltage radiotherapy treatment beams, for 12 shielded garments containing 3 different lead-free shielding materials. Despite some energy-dependent results, all shielded garments approximately achieved their specified lead-equivalence for the energy range expected during clinical use for fluoroscopy procedures, except for three shielded skirts that required two layers of material to be overlapped at the front. All lead-equivalence measurements from CT topograms agreed with or conservatively underestimated the kV narrow-beam results. This method is potentially useful for independently assessing the shielding properties of new shielded garments and performing annual checks for damage or degradation of existing shielded garments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kairn
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston 4029, Qld, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane 4000, Qld, Australia
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Butterfield St, Herston 4029, Qld, Australia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - S K Maxwell
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston 4029, Qld, Australia
| | - J V Trapp
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane 4000, Qld, Australia
| | - S B Crowe
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston 4029, Qld, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane 4000, Qld, Australia
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Butterfield St, Herston 4029, Qld, Australia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
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