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Liulu X, Balaji P, Barber J, De Silva K, Murray T, Hickey A, Campbell T, Harris J, Gee H, Ahern V, Kumar S, Hau E, Qian PC. Radiation therapy for ventricular arrhythmias. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38698577 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) can be life-threatening arrhythmias that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Catheter ablation (CA) is an invasive treatment modality that can be effective in the treatment of VA where medications fail. Recurrence occurs commonly following CA due to an inability to deliver lesions of adequate depth to cauterise the electrical circuits that drive VA or reach areas of scar responsible for VA. Stereotactic body radiotherapy is a non-invasive treatment modality that allows volumetric delivery of energy to treat circuits that cannot be reached by CA. It overcomes the weaknesses of CA and has been successfully utilised in small clinical trials to treat refractory VA. This article summarises the current evidence for this novel treatment modality and the steps that will be required to bring it to the forefront of VA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Liulu
- Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Poornima Balaji
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Barber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kasun De Silva
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiarne Murray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Hickey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Campbell
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jill Harris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harriet Gee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Verity Ahern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Hau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Blacktown Hematology and Cancer Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierre C Qian
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Petzl A, Benali K, Mbolamena N, Dyrda K, Rivard L, Seidl S, Martins R, Martinek M, Pürerfellner H, Aguilar M. Patient-specific quantification of cardiorespiratory motion for cardiac stereotactic radioablation treatment planning. Heart Rhythm O2 2024; 5:234-242. [PMID: 38690147 PMCID: PMC11056453 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac radioablation is a new treatment for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). The target for cardiac radioablation is subject to cardiorespiratory motion (CRM), the heart's movement with breathing and cardiac contraction. Data regarding the magnitude of target CRM are limited but are highly important for treatment planning. Objectives The study sought to assess CRM amplitude by using ablation catheter geometrical data. Methods Electroanatomic mapping data of patients undergoing catheter ablation for VT at 3 academic centers were exported. The spatial position of the ablation catheter as a function of time while in contact with endocardium was analyzed and used to quantify CRM. Results Forty-four patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy and VT contributed 1364 ablation lesions to the analysis. Average cardiac and respiratory excursion were 1.62 ± 1.21 mm and 12.12 ± 4.10 mm, respectively. The average ratio of respiratory to cardiac motion was approximately 11:1. CRM was greatest along the craniocaudal axis (9.66 ± 4.00 mm). Regional variations with respect to respiratory and cardiac motion were observed: basal segments had smaller displacements vs midventricular and apical segments. Patient characteristics (previous cardiac surgery, height, weight, body mass index, and left ventricular ejection fraction) had a statistically significant, albeit clinically moderate, impact on CRM. Conclusion CRM is primarily determined by respiratory displacement and is modulated by the location of the target and the patient's biometric characteristics. The patient-specific quantification of CRM may allow to decrease treatment volume and reduce radiation exposure of surrounding organs at risk while delivering the therapeutic dose to the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Petzl
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Karim Benali
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, France
| | - Nicolas Mbolamena
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Katia Dyrda
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Léna Rivard
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Sebastian Seidl
- Department of Internal Medicine 2/Cardiology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Martins
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Rennes University Hospital, France
| | - Martin Martinek
- Department of Internal Medicine 2/Cardiology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Helmut Pürerfellner
- Department of Internal Medicine 2/Cardiology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Aguilar
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Canada
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Poon J, Thompson RB, Deyell MW, Schellenberg D, Kohli K, Thomas S. Left ventricle segment-specific motion assessment for cardiac-gated radiosurgery. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:025040. [PMID: 38359447 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad29a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Purpose.Cardiac radiosurgery is a non-invasive treatment modality for ventricular tachycardia, where a linear accelerator is used to irradiate the arrhythmogenic region within the heart. In this work, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cine images were used to quantify left ventricle (LV) segment-specific motion during the cardiac cycle and to assess potential advantages of cardiac-gated radiosurgery.Methods.CMR breath-hold cine images and LV contour points were analyzed for 50 controls and 50 heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, EF < 40%). Contour points were divided into anatomic segments according to the 17-segment model, and each segment was treated as a hypothetical treatment target. The optimum treatment window (one fifth of the cardiac cycle) was determined where segment centroid motion was minimal, then the maximum centroid displacement and treatment area were determined for the full cardiac cycle and for the treatment window. Mean centroid displacement and treatment area reductions with cardiac gating were determined for each of the 17 segments.Results.Full motion segment centroid displacements ranged between 6-14 mm (controls) and 4-11 mm (HFrEF). Full motion treatment areas ranged between 129-715 mm2(controls) and 149-766 mm2(HFrEF). With gating, centroid displacements were reduced to 1 mm (controls and HFrEF), while treatment areas were reduced to 62-349 mm2(controls) and 83-393 mm2(HFrEF). Relative treatment area reduction ranged between 38%-53% (controls) and 26%-48% (HFrEF).Conclusion.This data demonstrates that cardiac cycle motion is an important component of overall target motion and varies depending on the anatomic cardiac segment. Accounting for cardiac cycle motion, through cardiac gating, has the potential to significantly reduce treatment volumes for cardiac radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Poon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Marc W Deyell
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6E 1M7, Canada
| | - Devin Schellenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Surrey, British Columbia V3V 1Z2, Canada
| | - Kirpal Kohli
- Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer, Surrey, British Columbia V3V 1Z2, Canada
| | - Steven Thomas
- Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
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Stevens RRF, Hazelaar C, Bogowicz M, Ter Bekke RMA, Volders PGA, Verhoeven K, de Ruysscher D, Verhoeff JJC, Fast MF, Mandija S, Cvek J, Knybel L, Dvorak P, Blanck O, van Elmpt W. A Framework for Assessing the Effect of Cardiac and Respiratory Motion for Stereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation Using a Digital Phantom With a 17-Segment Model: A STOPSTORM.eu Consortium Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:533-542. [PMID: 37652302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal motion management strategy for patients receiving stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is not fully known. We developed a framework using a digital phantom to simulate cardiorespiratory motion in combination with different motion management strategies to gain insight into the effect of cardiorespiratory motion on STAR. METHODS AND MATERIALS The 4-dimensional (4D) extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom was expanded with the 17-segment left ventricular (LV) model, which allowed placement of STAR targets in standardized ventricular regions. Cardiac- and respiratory-binned 4D computed tomography (CT) scans were simulated for free-breathing, reduced free-breathing, respiratory-gating, and breath-hold scenarios. Respiratory motion of the heart was set to population-averaged values of patients with VT: 6, 2, and 1 mm in the superior-inferior, posterior-anterior, and left-right direction, respectively. Cardiac contraction was adjusted by reducing LV ejection fraction to 35%. Target displacement was evaluated for all segments using envelopes encompassing the cardiorespiratory motion. Envelopes incorporating only the diastole plus respiratory motion were created to simulate the scenario where cardiac motion is not fully captured on 4D respiratory CT scans used for radiation therapy planning. RESULTS The average volume of the 17 segments was 6 cm3 (1-9 cm3). Cardiac contraction-relaxation resulted in maximum segment (centroid) motion of 4, 6, and 3.5 mm in the superior-inferior, posterior-anterior, and left-right direction, respectively. Cardiac contraction-relaxation resulted in a motion envelope increase of 49% (24%-79%) compared with individual segment volumes, whereas envelopes increased by 126% (79%-167%) if respiratory motion also was considered. Envelopes incorporating only the diastole and respiration motion covered on average 68% to 75% of the motion envelope. CONCLUSIONS The developed LV-segmental XCAT framework showed that free-wall regions display the most cardiorespiratory displacement. Our framework supports the optimization of STAR by evaluating the effect of (cardio)respiratory motion and motion management strategies for patients with VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul R F Stevens
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Colien Hazelaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Bogowicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M A Ter Bekke
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul G A Volders
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karolien Verhoeven
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J C Verhoeff
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F Fast
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Mandija
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Cvek
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Knybel
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvorak
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Blanck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wouter van Elmpt
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Benali K, Zei PC, Lloyd M, Kautzner J, Guenancia C, Ninni S, Rigal L, Simon A, Bellec J, Vlachos K, Sacher F, Hammache N, Sellal JM, de Crevoisier R, Da Costa A, Martins R. One-year mortality and causes of death after stereotactic radiation therapy for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024:S1050-1738(23)00122-6. [PMID: 38191005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Patients treated with cardiac stereotactic body radiation therapy (radioablation) for refractory ventricular arrhythmias are patients with advanced structural heart disease and significant comorbidities. However, data regarding 1-year mortality after the procedure are scarce. This systematic review and pooled analysis aimed at determining 1-year mortality after cardiac radioablation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias and investigating leading causes of death in this population. MEDLINE/EMBASE databases were searched up to January 2023 for studies including patients undergoing cardiac radioablation for the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias. Quality of included trials was assessed using the NIH Tool for Case Series Studies (PROSPERO CRD42022379713). A total of 1,151 references were retrieved and evaluated for relevance. Data were extracted from 16 studies, with a total of 157 patients undergoing cardiac radioablation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias. Pooled 1-year mortality was 32 % (95 %CI: 23-41), with almost half of the deaths occurring within three months after treatment. Among the 157 patients, 46 died within the year following cardiac radioablation. Worsening heart failure appeared to be the leading cause of death (52 %), although non-cardiac mortality remained substantial (41 %) in this population. Age≥70yo was associated with a significantly higher 12-month all-cause mortality (p<0.022). Neither target volume size nor radiotherapy device appeared to be associated with 1-year mortality (p = 0.465 and p = 0.199, respectively). About one-third of patients undergoing cardiac stereotactic body radiation therapy for refractory ventricular arrhythmias die within the first year after the procedure. Worsening heart failure appears to be the leading cause of death in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Benali
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Saint-Etienne University, Saint-Etienne, France; IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Bordeaux, France; INSERM-LTSI, U1099 Rennes, France.
| | - Paul C Zei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Michael Lloyd
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Charles Guenancia
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Dijon University, Dijon, France
| | - Sandro Ninni
- Heart and Lung Institute, Lille University, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Julien Bellec
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | - Frederic Sacher
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nefissa Hammache
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Nancy University, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sellal
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Nancy University, Nancy, France
| | | | - Antoine Da Costa
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Saint-Etienne University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Raphael Martins
- INSERM-LTSI, U1099 Rennes, France; Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Rennes University, Rennes, France
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Rigal L, Benali K, Barré V, Bougault M, Bellec J, Crevoisier RD, Martins R, Simon A. Multimodal fusion workflow for target delineation in cardiac radioablation of ventricular tachycardia. Med Phys 2024; 51:292-305. [PMID: 37455674 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac radioablation (CR) is an innovative treatment to ablate cardiac arrythmia sources by radiation therapy. CR target delineation is a challenging task requiring the exploitation of highly different imaging modalities, including cardiac electro-anatomical mapping (EAM). PURPOSE In this work, a data integration process is proposed to alleviate the tediousness of CR target delineation by generating a fused representation of the heart, including all the information of interest resulting from the analysis and registration of electro-anatomical data, PET scan and planning computed tomography (CT) scan. The proposed process was evaluated by cardiologists during delineation trials. METHODS The data processing pipeline was composed of the following steps. The cardiac structures of interest were segmented from cardiac CT scans using a deep learning method. The EAM data was registered to the cardiac CT scan using a point cloud based registration method. The PET scan was registered using rigid image registration. The EAM and PET information, as well as the myocardium thickness, were projected on the surface of the 3D mesh of the left ventricle. The target was identified by delineating a path on this surface that was further projected to the thickness of the myocardium to create the target volume. This process was evaluated by comparison with a standard slice-by-slice delineation with mental EAM registration. Four cardiologists delineated targets for three patients using both methods. The variability of target volumes, and the ease of use of the proposed method, were evaluated. RESULTS All cardiologists reported being more confident and efficient using the proposed method. The inter-clinician variability in delineated target volume was systematically lower with the proposed method (average dice score of 0.62 vs. 0.32 with a classical method). Delineation times were also improved. CONCLUSIONS A data integration process was proposed and evaluated to fuse images of interest for CR target delineation. It effectively reduces the tediousness of CR target delineation, while improving inter-clinician agreement on target volumes. This study is still to be confirmed by including more clinicians and patient data to the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Rigal
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Karim Benali
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France
- Department of Cardiology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Priest-En-Jarez, France
| | - Valentin Barré
- Department of Cardiology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Mathilde Bougault
- Department of Cardiology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Bellec
- Department of Cardiology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Renaud De Crevoisier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Martins
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Simon
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France
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Stevens RRF, Hazelaar C, Fast MF, Mandija S, Grehn M, Cvek J, Knybel L, Dvorak P, Pruvot E, Verhoeff JJC, Blanck O, van Elmpt W. Stereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation (STAR): Assessment of cardiac and respiratory heart motion in ventricular tachycardia patients - A STOPSTORM.eu consortium review. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109844. [PMID: 37543057 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify the optimal STereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation (STAR) strategy for individual patients, cardiorespiratory motion of the target volume in combination with different treatment methodologies needs to be evaluated. However, an authoritative overview of the amount of cardiorespiratory motion in ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients is missing. METHODS In this STOPSTORM consortium study, we performed a literature review to gain insight into cardiorespiratory motion of target volumes for STAR. Motion data and target volumes were extracted and summarized. RESULTS Out of the 232 studies screened, 56 provided data on cardiorespiratory motion, of which 8 provided motion amplitudes in VT patients (n = 94) and 10 described (cardiac/cardiorespiratory) internal target volumes (ITVs) obtained in VT patients (n = 59). Average cardiac motion of target volumes was < 5 mm in all directions, with maximum values of 8.0, 5.2 and 6.5 mm in Superior-Inferior (SI), Left-Right (LR), Anterior-Posterior (AP) direction, respectively. Cardiorespiratory motion of cardiac (sub)structures showed average motion between 5-8 mm in the SI direction, whereas, LR and AP motions were comparable to the cardiac motion of the target volumes. Cardiorespiratory ITVs were on average 120-284% of the gross target volume. Healthy subjects showed average cardiorespiratory motion of 10-17 mm in SI and 2.4-7 mm in the AP direction. CONCLUSION This review suggests that despite growing numbers of patients being treated, detailed data on cardiorespiratory motion for STAR is still limited. Moreover, data comparison between studies is difficult due to inconsistency in parameters reported. Cardiorespiratory motion is highly patient-specific even under motion-compensation techniques. Therefore, individual motion management strategies during imaging, planning, and treatment for STAR are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul R F Stevens
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Colien Hazelaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin F Fast
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Mandija
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Grehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Cvek
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Knybel
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvorak
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Etienne Pruvot
- Heart and Vessel Department, Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joost J C Verhoeff
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Blanck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wouter van Elmpt
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Belikhin M, Pryanichnikov A, Balakin V, Shemyakov A, Zhogolev P, Chernyaev A. High-speed low-noise optical respiratory monitoring for spot scanning proton therapy. Phys Med 2023; 112:102612. [PMID: 37329740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a novel optical markerless respiratory sensor for surface guided spot scanning proton therapy and to measure its main technical characteristics. METHODS The main characteristics of the respiratory sensor including sensitivity, linearity, noise, signal-to-noise, and time delay were measured using a dynamic phantom and electrical measuring equipment on a laboratory stand. The respiratory signals of free breathing and deep-inspiration breath-hold patterns were acquired for various distances with a volunteer. A comparative analysis of this sensor with existing commercially available and experimental respiratory monitoring systems was carried out based on several criteria including principle of operation, patient contact, application to proton therapy, distance range, accuracy (noise, signal-to-noise ratio), and time delay (sampling rate). RESULTS The sensor provides optical respiratory monitoring of the chest surface over a distance range of 0.4-1.2 m with the RMS noise of 0.03-0.60 mm, SNR of 40-15 dB (for motion with peak-to-peak of 10 mm), and time delay of 1.2 ± 0.2 ms. CONCLUSIONS The investigated optical respiratory sensor was found to be appropriate to use in surface guided spot scanning proton therapy. This sensor combined with a fast respiratory signal processing algorithm may provide accurate beam control and a fast response in patients' irregular breathing movements. A careful study of correlation between the respiratory signal and 4DCT data of tumor position will be required before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Belikhin
- JSC Protom., Protvino 142281, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander Pryanichnikov
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Olofsson N, Wikström K, Flejmer A, Ahnesjö A, Dasu A. Dosimetric robustness of lung tumor photon radiotherapy evaluated from multiple event CT imaging. Phys Med 2022; 103:1-10. [PMID: 36182764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrafractional respiratory motion is a concern for lung tumor radiotherapy but full evaluation of its impact is hampered by the lack of images representing the true motion. This study presents a novel evaluation using free-breathing images acquired over realistic treatment times to study the dosimetric impact of respiratory motion in photon radiotherapy. METHODS Cine-CT images of 14 patients with lung cancer acquired during eight minutes of free-breathing at three occasions were used to simulate dose tracking of four different planning methods. These methods aimed to deliver 54 Gy in three fractions to D50% of the target and were denoted as robust 4D (RB4), homogeneous fluence to the ITV (FLU) and an isodose prescription to the ITV with a high central dose (ISD), concurrently renormalized (IRN). Differences in dose coverage probability and homogeneity between the methods were quantified. Correlations between underdosage and attributes regarding the tumor and its motion were investigated. RESULTS Despite tumor motion amplitudes being larger than in the 4DCT all but FLU achieved the intended CTV D50% for the cohort average. For all methods but IRN at least 93% of the patients would have received 95% of the intended dose. No differences in D50% were found between RB4 and ISD nor IRN. However, RB4 led to better homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Tumor motion in free-breathing not covered by the 4DCT had a small impact on dose. The RB4 is recommended for planning of free-breathing treatments. No factor was found that consistently correlated dose degradation with patient or motion attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Olofsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth Wikström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Flejmer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; The Skandion Clinic, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Ahnesjö
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Dasu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Skandion Clinic, Uppsala, Sweden
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Highlights from the 59th scientific congress of the French Society of Medical Physics. Phys Med 2022; 101:18-19. [PMID: 35853386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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