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Kaldygulova L, Yerdessov S, Ukybassova T, Kim Y, Ayaganov D, Gaiday A. Polymorphism of Folate Metabolism Genes among Ethnic Kazakh Women with Preeclampsia in Kazakhstan: A Descriptive Study. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:648. [PMID: 39336076 PMCID: PMC11428523 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a severe multifactorial complication of pregnancy. Studies found associations between folate metabolism genes' polymorphisms and preeclampsia. However, investigations in this field are limited among Asian populations. Thus, the study's aim was to evaluate the prevalence of methionine synthase (MTR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes' polymorphisms among ethnic Kazakh women with preeclampsia. METHODS This was a retrospective study involving 4246 patients' data for the period of 2018-2022. Identification of MTR, MTRR, and MTHFR genes' polymorphism was performed via PR-PCR. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for the analyses. In total, 4246 patients' data of Kazakh ethnicity with preeclampsia at >20 weeks gestational age who had undergone an investigation to identify polymorphisms of the folate metabolism pathway genes for the period of 5 years were included in this study. RESULTS The most common and prevalent mutation was the MTRR A66G polymorphism: 24.5% of all tested patients with preeclampsia had the MTRR A66G polymorphism. It was highest among the 35-39 age group participants. The second most prevalent was the MTHFR C677T polymorphism: 9% of women with preeclampsia had the MTHFR C677T mutation. It was highest among women aged 30-34. There was a rare association of the MTR A2756G mutation with preeclampsia among the study participants. CONCLUSIONS The identified levels of MTRR A66G and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms among the study participants suggest the importance of evaluating MTRR and MTHFR polymorphisms in women with preeclampsia. The role of the MTR A2756G polymorphism in the development of preeclampsia needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyazzat Kaldygulova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2, West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Sauran Yerdessov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Talshyn Ukybassova
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, CF “University Medical Center”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (T.U.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yevgeniy Kim
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, CF “University Medical Center”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (T.U.); (Y.K.)
- LLP “In Vitro” Laboratory, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinmukhamed Ayaganov
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Narcology, West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Andrey Gaiday
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2, West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
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Yadav BK, Maskey S, Bhattarai A, Pradhananga S, Shakya S, Regmi A. Association of serum homocysteine with vitamin B12 and folate levels in women with pre-eclampsia in a tertiary health care center in Nepal. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:451. [PMID: 39123143 PMCID: PMC11311945 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome that chiefly includes the development of new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Nepal. Hyperhomocysteinemia may be a cause of the endothelial dysfunction provoked by oxidative stress in pre-eclampsia. This study was designed to evaluate the association of homocysteine with Vitamin B12 and folate in patients with pre-eclampsia. METHOD An observational cross sectional study was performed in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of TUTH involving seventy two subjects with pre-eclampsia. Blood pressure, urinary protein levels, serum homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and folate levels were compared in both mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia. Concentration of Vitamin B12 and folate were measured using Vitros ECI and homocysteine was measured using CLIA. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Tests were performed with Mann Whitney Test and Spearman's rank correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS This study showed no significant difference in age and weeks of gestation in both mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia. Mean concentration of homocysteine was higher (13.1 ± 6.4 micromol/L) in severe Pre-eclampsia as compared to mild cases (7.6 ± 2.8 micromol/L). Mean concentration of folate was lower in severe cases (35.4 ± 24.1 micromol/L) when compared with mild cases of pre-eclampsia (57 ± 23.4 micromol/L). CONCLUSION Homocysteine levels were increased in severe Pre-eclampsia when compared with mild pre-eclampsia and this finding can be used to predict and prevent complications in patients with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suvana Maskey
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Aseem Bhattarai
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Salina Pradhananga
- Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Sabina Shakya
- Kathmandu Path Lab and Diagnostic Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Mahmood S, Younus A, Nathaniel S, Younas H. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism: a predictor of reduced risk of preeclampsia in Punjab, Pakistan. Hypertens Pregnancy 2023; 42:2187621. [PMID: 36922394 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2023.2187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between MTHFR (A1298C) SNP and preeclampsia (PE) in Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS A sample of 80 pregnant women (40 healthy pregnant women and 40 with PE) was pooled for genotyping MTHFR A1298C polymorphism by using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. The Genotypic and allelic assessments were performed using various statistical techniques. RESULTS The AC genotype and C allele of MTHFR A1298C were found to be associated with decreased risk of PE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, risk ratio [RR]: 0.58, p = 0.01), and (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, risk ratio [RR]: 0.61, p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, genetic polymorphism A1298C in MTHFR may pose a protective effect in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Younus
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sammar Nathaniel
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hooria Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mahmood S, Younas H, Younus A, Nathenial S. A narrative review on the role of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and its associated gene polymorphisms in posing risk to preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:487-504. [PMID: 34053381 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1916942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) presents a major obstetrical problem for mother and fetus which is characterized by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria in formerly normotensive women. Altered folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism is one of the factors for PE development either due to nutritional insufficiencies such as folate deficiency or polymorphisms in genes that code for the key enzymes of the cycle. Commonly, there are four genes in the cycle whose polymorphisms have been described in relation to PE. These factors could cause elevation of homocysteine; the toxic metabolite, which subsequently leads to the development of PE. Sufficient levels of folate have been considered important during pregnancy and may reduce the risk of development of PE. This review aims at discussing genetic polymorphisms and nutritional deficiencies as probable predisposing factors and suggests considering fetal genotypes, varied ethnicities, and interaction of various other factors involved to render better conclusiveness to the present studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hooria Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Younus
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sammar Nathenial
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
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Azimi-Nezhad M, Teymoori A, Salmaninejad A, Ebrahimzadeh-Vesal R. Association of MTHFR C677T Polymorphism with Preeclampsia in North East of Iran (Khorasan Province). Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:373-380. [PMID: 31448666 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1655819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the main causes of fetal and maternal mortality. The analysis of candidate gene polymorphisms can improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of PE. Present study is aimed at investigating the association between MTRR c.66A > G, MTHFR c.677C > T, MTHFR c.1298A > C, and MTR c.2756A > G polymorphisms and PE in Iranian women. Methods: About 117 women with history of PE and 103 healthy women with a pregnancy not complicated by PE were selected. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using Real-Time PCR. Results: There was a significant difference between MTHFR c.677C > T polymorphism with PE (p = 0.045). The frequency of C/T heterozygous genotypes were (58% vs. 36%) in the case and control groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between other genetic polymorphisms. Conclusions: The results indicated that the MTHFR c.677C > T polymorphism may be associated with development of PE in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Teymoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ebrahimzadeh-Vesal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Higher maternal plasma folate, vitamin B 12 and homocysteine levels in women with preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:393-399. [PMID: 30647465 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients like vitamin B12 and folate play an important role in nucleic acid metabolism, cell growth, and are important determinants of fetal growth. The present study examined the levels of maternal and cord plasma folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and their association with birth outcome in women with preeclampsia (PE). This study includes 450 normotensive control (NC) and 350 women with PE. PE women were further classified into women delivering at term (n = 224) and preterm (n = 126). Maternal and cord blood was collected at delivery. The levels of maternal vitamin B12 (p < 0.05), folate (p < 0.01), and homocysteine (p < 0.01) were higher in the PE group as compared to the NC group. Maternal folate levels were higher in both term and preterm groups, while vitamin B12 levels were higher only in the preterm group as compared to NC group. In contrast, homocysteine was higher only in the term PE group. Similar changes were also observed in the cord plasma. There was a positive association of maternal plasma homocysteine with systolic (r = 0.151, p = 0.000, n = 578) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.213, p = 0.000, n = 578) in the whole cohort. A negative association of maternal folate with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.105, p = 0.048, n = 352) while a positive association with baby weight in the NC group (r = 0.116, p = 0.029, n = 352). The present study suggests that maternal and cord micronutrient levels are altered in women with PE.
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de León Bautista MP, Romero-Valdovinos M, Zavaleta-Villa B, Martínez-Flores A, Olivo-Díaz A. Association of Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene Polymorphisms With Preeclampsia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:285S-293S. [PMID: 30380942 PMCID: PMC6714820 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618808913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder that increases maternal and fetal
morbidity and mortality worldwide. High plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are
a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Cystathionine β-synthase
(CBS) plays an important role in Hcy homeostasis catalyzing the irreversible
degradation of Hcy to cystathionine, protecting the endothelium from injury
caused by hypoxia. Several mutations and polymorphisms may alter the expression
of the CBS gene, resulting in variable levels of Hcy. The
purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CBS
gene polymorphisms with PE in Mexican women. A case–control study consisting of
129 pregnant women with PE (37 severe and 92 mild) and 173 women with
uncomplicated pregnancies was performed. Polymorphisms, such as G797A, C785T,
T833C, G919A, T959C, C1105T, and 844ins68 base pair, in the CBS
gene were genotyped. The polymorphism G797A was monomorphic in cases with the
presence of only G797A-G allele. Allele C785T-T and genotype C785T-C/T were
associated with susceptibility in severe and mild PE. Alleles G797A-G and
T959C-T were associated with susceptibility only in severe PE. Haplotype TGTWGTC
was of susceptibility for severe PE and of protection for mild PE. Haplotypes
CGTWGCC and CATWGTC seem to be protective for severe PE, but the latter is
related to susceptibility in mild PE. The results suggest that C785T, G797A, and
T959C mutations are contributing in different ways in severe and mild PE in our
population and could be count as another related factor for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Zavaleta-Villa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arony Martínez-Flores
- Department of Ecology of Pathogens Agents, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Olivo-Díaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
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Khot VV, Yadav DK, Shrestha S, Kaur L, Sundrani DP, Chavan-Gautam PM, Mehendale SS, Chandak GR, Joshi SR. Hypermethylated CpG sites in the MTR gene promoter in preterm placenta. Epigenomics 2017; 9:985-996. [PMID: 28617183 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Altered maternal one-carbon metabolism influences placental DNA methylation patterns and 'programs' the fetus for noncommunicable diseases in adult life. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Levels of plasma folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, mRNA and protein levels of MTHFR and MTR enzymes in placenta were compared among women delivering preterm (n = 83) and term (n = 75). MTR promoter CpG methylation was undertaken. RESULTS MTHFR and MTR mRNA levels were higher while protein levels were lower, and MTR CpG sites were hypermethylated in the preterm group, as compared with the term group. Methylated CpG sites were negatively associated with maternal plasma vitamin B12 levels. CONCLUSION Study suggests a dysregulation of enzyme genes in remethylation arm of the one-carbon metabolism in placenta of women delivering preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita V Khot
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Lovejeet Kaur
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti M Chavan-Gautam
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita S Mehendale
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bharati Medical College & Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Departments of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
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Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Bogacz A, Deka-Pawlik D, Klejewski A, Wolski H, Drews K, Karasiewicz M, Czerny B. The polymorphisms of methionine synthase (MTR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) genes in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:2498-2504. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1254183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry
| | - Anna Bogacz
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histocompatibility with Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Regional Blood Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Donata Deka-Pawlik
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Podhale Multidisciplinary Hospital, Nowy Targ, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Karasiewicz
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Czerny
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, Poland
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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McNulty H, Strain J, Hughes CF, Ward M. Riboflavin, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: A personalized approach to prevention and treatment of hypertension. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 53:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Holwerda KM, Weedon-Fekjær MS, Staff AC, Nolte IM, van Goor H, Lely AT, Faas MM. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the maternal cystathionine-β-synthase gene with early-onset preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2015; 6:60-5. [PMID: 26955774 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. The transsulfuration pathway may be involved in its pathophysiology, since homocysteine, cystathionine and cysteine are increased in PE. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is a key-enzyme in the pathway, converting homocysteine into cysteine via cystathionine. Another product of CBS is hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a vasodilatory, proangiogenic and cytoprotective gas that is thought to play a role in placental and vascular function during pregnancy. Since single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect CBS expression and/or function, we studied tag-SNPs in the CBS gene in PE patients. STUDY DESIGN Controls (n=75), early-onset (n=45), and late-onset PE (n=52) cases were genotyped for six tag-SNPs in the CBS gene; rs12329764, rs2851391, rs234713, rs234706, rs1789953, and rs11203172. Plasma homocysteine, cysteine and cystathionine were determined during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Early-onset PE, late-onset PE. RESULTS Women with the minor allele of rs11203172 have a reduced risk for early-onset PE. Compared to women without the minor allele, normotensive pregnant women with the minor allele of rs11203172 and rs234713 have lower cysteine levels. Women with the minor allele of rs1789953 have increased levels of cysteine and cystathionine, compared to women without. CONCLUSION The CBS tag-SNP rs11203172 is associated with a decreased risk for early-onset PE. Decreased cysteine concentrations in normotensive pregnant women carrying the minor allele of rs11203172, may be due to increased cysteine conversion to H2S by CBS. Higher H2S levels may positively affect placentation and vascular function during pregnancy and decrease their risk for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Holwerda
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Susanne Weedon-Fekjær
- University of Oslo, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne C Staff
- University of Oslo, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Titia Lely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wadhwani NS, Patil VV, Mehendale SS, Wagh GN, Gupte SA, Joshi SR. Increased homocysteine levels exist in women with preeclampsia from early pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2719-25. [PMID: 26552939 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present prospective study examines the levels of maternal plasma folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in normotensive control (NC) women and women with preeclampsia (PE) from early pregnancy till delivery. METHODS The present study includes 126 NC and 62 PE women. Maternal blood was collected at 3 time points during pregnancy (T1 = 16th-20th weeks, T2 = 26th-30th weeks and T3 = at delivery). Levels of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine were estimated by the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology. RESULTS Maternal plasma folate levels were similar between NC and PE women at all the time points across gestation. Maternal plasma vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher in PE (p < 0.05) as compared with NC at T2. Maternal plasma homocysteine levels were higher in PE as compared with NC at all the time points, i.e. T1, T2 (p < 0.05 for both) and T3 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that higher homocysteine levels exist in women with PE from early pregnancy and continue till delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha S Wadhwani
- a Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India
| | - Vidya V Patil
- a Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India
| | - Savita S Mehendale
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India , and
| | - Girija N Wagh
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India , and
| | | | - Sadhana R Joshi
- a Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India
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13
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Wu X, Yang K, Tang X, Sa Y, Zhou R, Liu J, Luo Y, Tang W. Folate metabolism gene polymorphisms MTHFR C677T and A1298C and risk for preeclampsia: a meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:797-805. [PMID: 25758986 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MTHFR C677T and A1298C have been associated with the risk of preeclampsia (PE), but with conflicting results. We performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and PE. STUDY DESIGN An electronic search of PubMed and Chinese Biomedicine database was conducted to select studies for meta-analysis. 54 case controlled studies containing MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms were chosen, and odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of this association. RESULT These studies evaluated 7398 cases and 11230 controls for MTHFR C677T. The overall results suggested that MTHFR C677T was associated with the risk of PE. (T vs. C: OR = 1.157, 95% CI: 1.057-1.266, p = 0.002; TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 1.165, 95% CI : 1.049-1.293, P = 0.004; TT vs. CT + CC: OR = 1.371, 95% CI: 1.153-1.63, p < 0.001). We also evaluated 1103 cases and 988 controls for MTHFR A1298C but could not demonstrate an increased risk of PE for this polymorphism (p = 0.667). A symmetric funnel plot, the Egger's test (p = 0.819) suggested a lack of publication bias. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports the idea that MTHFR C677T genotype is associated with increased risk for PE, especially in the case of Asians and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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The early-onset preeclampsia is associated with MTHFR and FVL polymorphisms. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:1303-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T, A1298C polymorphisms and pre-eclampsia risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5435-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yang B, Fan S, Zhi X, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang D, He M, Hou Y, Zheng Q, Sun G. Associations of MTHFR gene polymorphisms with hypertension and hypertension in pregnancy: a meta-analysis from 114 studies with 15411 cases and 21970 controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87497. [PMID: 24505291 PMCID: PMC3914818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have investigated the associations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with hypertension (H) or hypertension in pregnancy (HIP). However, the results were controversial. We therefore performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to provide empirical evidences on the associations. METHODOLOGIES The English and Chinese databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis and assessment of publication bias were performed in our study. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 114 studies with 15411 cases and 21970 controls were included, 111 studies with 15094 cases and 21633 controls for the C677T polymorphism and 21 with 2533 cases and 2976 controls for the A1298C polymorphism. Overall, the C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with H and HIP (H & HIP: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.17-1.34; H: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.20-1.53; HIP: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.32). Stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a significant association among East Asians and Caucasians, but not among Latinos, Black Africans, and Indians and Sri Lankans. In the stratified analyses according to source of controls, genotyping method, sample size and study quality, significant associations were observed in all the subgroups, with the exception of population based subgroup in H studies and large sample size and "others" genotyping method subgroups in HIP studies. For the A1298C polymorphism, no significant association was observed either in overall or subgroup analysis under all genetic models. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the MTHFR C677T rather than A1298C polymorphism may be associated with H & HIP, especially among East Asians and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Yang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhi
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Wang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao He
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Quanmei Zheng
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guifan Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical folate-metabolising enzyme which requires riboflavin as its co-factor. A common polymorphism (677C→T) in the MTHFR gene results in reduced MTHFR activity in vivo which in turn leads to impaired folate metabolism and elevated homocysteine concentrations. Homozygosity for this polymorphism (TT genotype) is associated with an increased risk of a number of conditions including heart disease and stroke, but there is considerable variability in the extent of excess risk in various reports. The present review will explore the evidence which supports a role for this polymorphism as a risk factor for a number of adverse health outcomes, and the potential modulating roles for B-vitamins in alleviating disease risk. The evidence is convincing in the case which links this polymorphism with hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia. Furthermore, elevated blood pressure was found to be highly responsive to riboflavin intervention specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype. Future intervention studies targeted at these genetically predisposed individuals are required to further investigate this novel gene-nutrient interaction. This polymorphism has also been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTD) and other adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the evidence in this area has been inconsistent. Preliminary evidence has suggested that there may be a much greater need for women with the MTHFR 677TT genotype to adhere to the specific recommendation of commencing folic acid prior to conception for the prevention of NTD, but this requires further investigation.
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Wang XM, Wu HY, Qiu XJ. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism and risk of preeclampsia: an updated meta-analysis based on 51 studies. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:159-68. [PMID: 23395424 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism has been considered to be associated with preeclampsia (PE), but the results from previous studies were conflicting. The present study aimed at investigating the frequency of preeclampsia according to the distribution polymorphism using a meta-analysis on the published studies. METHODS The English and Chinese databases were searched to identify eligible studies published in English before August 2012. Data were extracted using standardized methods. The association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Begg's test was used to measure publication bias. RESULTS A total of 51 case-control studies containing 6,403 patients and 11,346 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Significant associations were detected between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of PE in the overall population for TT vs. CC (OR = 1.280, 95% CI: 1.074-1.525), recessive model (OR = 1.264, 95% CI: 1.067-1.303), and dominant genetic model (OR = 1.174, 95% CI: 1.057-1.303); in Caucasian population for dominant model (OR = 1.136, 95% CI: 1.022-1.263), and in East Asia population for TT vs. CC (OR = 2.199, 95% CI: 1.366-3.924) CT vs. CC (OR = 1.453, 95% CI: 1.001-2.109), recessive model (OR = 1.742, 95% CI: 1.202-2.525), and dominant model (OR = 1.783, 95% CI: 1.271-2.501). Conversely, no associations were detected in Latin America, South Asia, and Africa populations. CONCLUSIONS Results of the meta-analysis suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with risk of PE in overall, Caucasian, and East Asia populations. Nevertheless, the results for Latino, East Asians, South Asians and Africans should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-mei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.
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Buurma A, Turner R, Driessen J, Mooyaart A, Schoones J, Bruijn J, Bloemenkamp K, Dekkers O, Baelde H. Genetic variants in pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:289-303. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Meta-analysis of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to pre-eclampsia. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:1129-34. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder of human pregnancy, affecting about 6% of all pregnancies worldwide, and is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research into the pathogenesis of this complex disease, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As a result, the options for prevention and management of PE are limited. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting that folate deficiency is associated with PE, and folic acid supplementation may reduce the risk of developing PE in certain populations. Folate contributes to cell division and growth, and folate metabolism is involved in a large number of physiological and pathophysiological processes in human development. Sufficient supply of folate is therefore particularly important during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of folic acid deficiency increasing the risk of developing PE are still unclear. This article reviews what is understood about the aetiology of PE and the relationship between folate metabolism and PE so as to enhance further discussions on the subject.
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Ibrahim ZM, Metawie MAE, El-Baz AM, El-Bahie MA. Methylenetetrahydrofolate C677T polymorphism and pre-eclamptic Egyptian women. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Yila TA, Sasaki S, Miyashita C, Braimoh TS, Kashino I, Kobayashi S, Okada E, Baba T, Yoshioka E, Minakami H, Endo T, Sengoku K, Kishi R. Effects of maternal 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms and tobacco smoking on infant birth weight in a Japanese population. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:91-102. [PMID: 22277790 PMCID: PMC3798587 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracellular folate hemostasis depends on the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Because 5,10-MTHFR 677TT homozygosity and tobacco smoking are associated with low folate status, we tested the hypothesis that smoking in mothers with 5,10-MTHFR C677T or A1298C polymorphisms would be independently associated with lower birth weight among their offspring. Methods We assessed 1784 native Japanese mother-child pairs drawn from the ongoing birth cohort of The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health. Data (demographic information, hospital birth records, and biological specimens) were extracted from recruitments that took place during the period from February 2003 to March 2006. Maternal serum folate were assayed by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and genotyping of 5,10-MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphisms was done using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results The prevalence of folate deficiency (<6.8 nmol/L) was 0.3%. The 5,10-MTHFR 677CT genotype was independently associated with an increase of 36.40 g (95% CI: 2.60 to 70.30, P = 0.035) in mean infant birth weight and an increase of 90.70 g (95% CI: 6.00 to 175.50, P = 0.036) among male infants of nonsmokers. Female infants of 677TT homozygous passive smokers were 99.00 g (95% CI: −190.26 to −7.56, P = 0.034) lighter. The birth weight of the offspring of smokers with 5,10-MTHFR 1298AA homozygosity was lower by 107.00 g (95% CI: −180.00 to −33.90, P = 0.004). Conclusions The results suggest that, in this population, maternal 5,10-MTHFR C677T polymorphism, but not the 5,10-MTHFR A1298C variant, is independently associated with improvement in infant birth weight, especially among nonsmokers. However, 5,10-MTHFR 1298AA might be associated with folate impairment and could interact with tobacco smoke to further decrease birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamar Ayo Yila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Úbeda N, Reyes L, González-Medina A, Alonso-Aperte E, Varela-Moreiras G. Physiologic changes in homocysteine metabolism in pregnancy: A longitudinal study in Spain. Nutrition 2011; 27:925-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Canto P, Canto-Cetina T, Juárez-Velázquez R, Rosas-Vargas H, Rangel-Villalobos H, Canizales-Quinteros S, Velázquez-Wong AC, Villarreal-Molina MT, Fernández G, Coral-Vázquez R. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and glutathione S-transferase P1 A313G are associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia in Maya-Mestizo women. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1015-9. [PMID: 18712057 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a common complication of pregnancy, is characterized by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria developing after 20 weeks' gestational age. Susceptibility to this syndrome is believed to have a genetic component. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) A313G polymorphisms are associated with preeclampsia in Maya-Mestizo women. A case-control study was performed, in which 125 preeclamptic patients and 274 healthy controls were genotyped for the MTHFR C677T and GSTP1 A313G polymorphisms by real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared using the chi2 tests. The MTHFR 677T allele and the 677TT genotype were significantly more frequent in the controls, suggesting an association with a decreased risk of preeclampsia (p = 0.017 and p = 0.007, respectively). Similarly, GSTP1 313GG/GC genotypes and the G allele were more frequent in controls, showing a significant association with reduced risk of preeclampsia (p = 0.008 and p = 0.013, respectively). Our results suggest, for the first time, that the MTHFR 677T and GSTP1 313G polymorphisms confer a significantly decreased risk of developing preeclampsia in the Mexican Maya-Mestizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Canto
- Medical Research Unit in Developmental Biology, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Furness DLF, Fenech MF, Khong YT, Romero R, Dekker GA. One-carbon metabolism enzyme polymorphisms and uteroplacental insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:276.e1-8. [PMID: 18771981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to test novel genetic polymorphisms involved in 1-carbon metabolism for a potential association with increased risk of developing pregnancy complications associated with uteroplacental insufficiency. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study consisting of 50 women at low risk and 93 women at high risk for having a pregnancy complication develop. Maternal and fetal DNA samples were genotyped for methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) G1958A. A chi squared or chi(2) analysis was used to compare genotypes and pregnancy outcome, 1-way analysis of variance and linear regression were used to compare genotype with continuous variables. RESULTS The fetal MTR 2756 G allele was associated with uteroplacental insufficiency (P = .022, likelihood ratio = 10.4) and maternal homocysteine (P = .017). The maternal MTR A2756G polymorphism was associated with uteroplacental insufficiency (P = .049, likelihood ratio = 6.0), but only in mothers not supplementing with high-dose B-vitamins. The maternal MTHFD1 AA genotype was associated with intrauterine growth restriction (P = .047, likelihood ratio = 5.8). CONCLUSION This study suggests the maternal and fetal MTR 2756 G allele is an important risk factor in the development of uteroplacental insufficiency. In addition, the maternal MTHFD1 1958 AA genotype may be associated with intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L F Furness
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is specific to pregnancy and is still a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, affecting about 3% of women, but the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still remain unclear. Immune maladaptation, placental ischemia and increased oxidative stress represent the main components discussed to be of etiologic importance, and they all may have genetic implications. Since the familial nature of preeclampsia is known for many years, extensive research on the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of this severe pregnancy disorder has been performed. In this review, we will overview the linkage and candidate gene studies carried out so far as well as summarize important historical notes on the genetic hypotheses generated in preeclampsia research. Moreover, the influence of maternal and fetal genes and their interaction as well as the role of genomic imprinting in preeclampsia will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mütze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aachen University (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
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Zintzaras E, Kitsios G, Harrison GA, Laivuori H, Kivinen K, Kere J, Messinis I, Stefanidis I, Ioannidis JPA. Heterogeneity-based genome search meta-analysis for preeclampsia. Hum Genet 2006; 120:360-70. [PMID: 16868762 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder that causes maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Its exact inheritance pattern is still unknown, and genome searches for identifying susceptibility loci for preeclampsia have thus far produced inconclusive or inconsistent results. We performed a heterogeneity-based genome search meta-analysis (HEGESMA) that synthesized the available genome scan data on preeclampsia. HEGESMA identifies genetic regions (bins) that rank highly on average in terms of linkage statistics across genome scans (searches). The significance of each bin's average rank and heterogeneity across scans was calculated using Monte Carlo tests. The meta-analysis involved four genome-scans on general preeclampsia and five scans on severe preeclampsia. In general preeclampsia, 13 bins had significantly high average rank (Prank< 0.05) by either unweighted or weighted analyses, while four of them (2p11.2-2q21.1, 9q21.32-9q31.2, 2p15-2p11.2, 2q32.1-2q35) were formally significant by both analyses. Heterogeneity of bin 2.8 (2q32.1-2q35) was significantly low in both unweighted and weighted analysis (PQ< 0.01). In severe preeclampsia, 10 bins had significantly high average rank by either unweighted or weighted analyses and five of them (3q11.1-3q21.2, 2q37.1-2q37.3, 18p11.32-18p11.22, 2p15-2p11.2, 7q34-7q36.3) were significant by both analyses. Bin 2q37.1-2q37.3 showed marginal low heterogeneity in unweighted and weighted analysis (PQ= 0.06). Results should be interpreted with caution as the p values were modest. Further investigation of these regions by genotyping with additional markers and families may help to direct the identification of candidate genes for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Papakyriazi 22, Larissa, 41222, Greece.
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