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Aljassim FK, El-Sheikh AA, Motabagani MA. The Effect of Tamoxifen Citrate on Granulosa Cells of Ovarian Follicles in Adult Female Rats: Light Microscopic Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2024; 12:1-5. [PMID: 38633571 PMCID: PMC11019587 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_79_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen is a drug that has been used extensively as a chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer. It should be taken for a long period, from few weeks up to many years, so it can induce gynecological and nongynecological complications. Aim Present study was conducted to clarify the histopathological effects of tamoxifen intake on the ovarian follicles of rats and evaluate the promising recovery after drug withdrawal. Materials and Methods Adult female albino rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups. Group I: Control rats without treatment. Group II: Rats received olive oil vehicle. Group III: Rats received 5 mg/kg daily of tamoxifen dissolved in olive oil by oral administration for 4 weeks. Group IV: Rats received tamoxifen as in Group III then will be kept for another 4 weeks without treatment for recovery. Then, the rats were anaesthetized and the ovaries were removed and prepared for histological assessment by light microscope. Results The ovarian histological findings in the ovary of Group III revealed an increase in atretic ovarian follicles, appearance of cystic ovarian follicles, and cystic corpus luteum. The granulosa cells of ovarian follicles were disorganized with vacuolation of their cytoplasm, increased number of pyknotic nuclei, fragmented nuclei, and apoptotic bodies. After the withdrawal of drug, the ovarian tissue showed slight improvement with the appearance of some atretic follicles with degenerated oocyte and stromal hyperplasia. Conclusion Based on the results, tamoxifen induced marked histological changes in the ovary. If tamoxifen is mandatory for the prevention of breast cancer, frequent gynecological examination should be carried out to detect any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Khalil Aljassim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Ahmed El-Sheikh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Motabagani
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Janani DM, Ramasubramanyan S, Chellappa V, Santhanam R, Manickam R, Shameli J, Balasundaram U. Whole exome and targeted sequencing reveal novel mutations associated with inherited PCOS condition in an Indian cohort. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:39-46. [PMID: 36284191 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A cohort of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women presents themselves with persistent abnormal reproductive hormone levels and has a familial representation of characteristics. In our study, we have aimed to identify genetic variants which are inherited across such PCOS families and also validate them among Indian population. Independent discovery was done by whole exome sequencing in a three-generation family (Family P01). Validation was done by targeted sequencing at 30,000x using HaloPlex panel in 9 families (P01-P09). The variants were filtered and reported according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Mutation burden analysis and in-silico functional analyses were performed. After careful annotation analyses, we report 24 likely pathogenic variants from 21 genes, out of which 8 are novel structural variants, 14 missense variants and 2 intronic variants. Out of these, 3 variants from the genes FSHR, SCARB1, and INSR are involved in the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway and 5 variants from genes DFFB, ACTG1, GPX4, CYC1 and ALDOA directly or indirectly trigger the apoptotic pathways. Three ovarian steroidogenesis variants, FSHR, SCARB1 and INSR were screened among Indian women using a case-control approach to validate these variant's pathogenicity in Indian PCOS women. Variants of SCARB1 and INSR were found to be pathogenic to Indian PCOS women, while FSHR variants did not show significant association to PCOS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshina Moorthy Janani
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Sharada Ramasubramanyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, India
| | - Venkatesh Chellappa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rekha Santhanam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Ranjani Manickam
- SRM-DBT Platform for Advanced Life Science Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Jeevamani Shameli
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Usha Balasundaram
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India.
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Hyperin Alleviates Triptolide-Induced Ovarian Granulosa Cell Injury by Regulating AKT/TSC1/mTORC1 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9399261. [PMID: 34707679 PMCID: PMC8545507 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9399261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by the loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age and affects approximately 1% of women worldwide. Caragana sinica is a traditional Miao (a Chinese ethnic minority) medicine that improves ovarian function and follicular development. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of active ingredients of C. sinica on POI and determine underlying mechanisms. Herein, the chemical composition of the C. sinica compound was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, which identified hyperin (HR) as one of the main ingredients in C. sinica. Then, interaction targets of HR and POI were predicted and analyzed using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. The effect of HR on triptolide (TP)-induced granulosa cell injury was evaluated, and the underlying mechanism was explored based on bioinformatic results. A total of 100 interaction targets for POI and HR were obtained. The protein-protein interaction network of identified interaction targets emphasized the topological importance of AKT1. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that HR might regulate POI by modulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In addition, the KEGG graph of the mTOR signaling pathway revealed that AKT phosphorylation inhibits the TSC1/2, while TSC1/2 activation inhibits the expression of mTORC1. The fundamental experiment revealed that HR increased proliferation, progesterone receptor levels, and estradiol levels decreased by TP in KGN cells. Additionally, HR alleviated TP-induced apoptosis and G1/G1 phase arrest in KGN cells. Western blotting demonstrated that HR increased the phosphorylation of AKT and mTORC1 and decreased TSC1 expression in TP-induced KGN cells. Collectively, our findings revealed that HR alleviates TP-induced granulosa cell injury by regulating AKT/TSC1/mTORC1 signaling, providing insight into the treatment of POI.
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Xu H, Xia Y, Qin J, Xu J, Li C, Wang Y. Effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 and BCL2-Associated X in premature ovarian failure mice induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:113. [PMID: 34284777 PMCID: PMC8290625 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common disease in the field of Gynecology. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can promote tissue repair and improve function. This study was performed to determine the effects of LIPUS on granulosa cells (GCs) apoptosis and protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and BCL2-Associated X (Bax) in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced POF mice and investigate the mechanisms of LIPUS on ovarian function and reserve capacity. METHODS The current POF mice model was administrated with VCD (160 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 15 consecutive days. The mice were divided into the POF group, LIPUS group and control group. In the LIPUS group, the right ovary of mice was treated by LIPUS (acoustic intensity was 200 mW/cm2, frequency was 0.3 MHz, and duty cycle was 20%) for 20 min, 15 consecutive days from day 16. The mice of the POF group and control group were treated without ultrasonic output. The basic observation and body weight were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to detect ovarian follicle development, ovarian morphology and sex hormone secretion. Ovarian GCs apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that VCD can induce estrus cycle disorder, follicular atresia, sex hormone secretion decreased and GCs apoptosis in mice to establish POF model successfully. LIPUS significantly promoted follicular development, increased sex hormone secretion, inhibited excessive follicular atresia and GCs apoptosis. The mechanism might be achieved by increasing the protein expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression of Bax in ovaries. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS can improve the POF induced by VCD. These findings have the potential to provide novel methodological foundation for the future research, which help treat POF patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Qin
- Department of Gynaecology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guizhou, 550003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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Hong J, Huang J, Shen L, Zhu S, Gao W, Wu J, Huang O, He J, Zhu L, Chen W, Li Y, Chen X, Shen K. A prospective, randomized study of Toremifene vs. tamoxifen for the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer: safety and genital symptom analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:663. [PMID: 32677982 PMCID: PMC7364473 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toremifene (TOR) is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and has comparable efficacy to that of tamoxifen (TAM) in breast cancer patients. Herein, we compared the safety of TOR to that of TAM in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal breast cancer. METHODS This was a prospective randomized and open-label clinical study. Premenopausal patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive TOR) or TAM treatment. The follow-up period was 1 year. The primary end point was the incidence of ovarian cysts, and secondary end points were the incidence of endometrial thickening, changes in female hormones, the incidence of fatty liver, changes in the modified Kupperman index (mKMI) and changes in quality of life. RESULTS There were 92 patients in the final analysis. The incidences of ovarian cysts were 42.6% in the TOR group and 51.1% in the TAM group (p = 0.441). Forty-one patients (87.2%) in the TOR group and 36 patients (80.0%) in the TAM group experienced endometrial thickening (p = 0.348). The proportions of patients with fatty liver were 31.9% in the TOR group and 26.7% in the TAM group (p = 0.581). No significant differences in the mKMI or quality of life were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS TOR and TAM have similar side effects on the female genital system and quality of life in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02344940. Registered 26 January 2015 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Lili Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Siji Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Weiqi Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jianrong He
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yafen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
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Zhang H, Luo Q, Lu X, Yin N, Zhou D, Zhang L, Zhao W, Wang D, Du P, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Yuan W. Effects of hPMSCs on granulosa cell apoptosis and AMH expression and their role in the restoration of ovary function in premature ovarian failure mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:20. [PMID: 29386068 PMCID: PMC5793353 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was performed to determine the effects of human placenta mesenchymal stem cell (hPMSC) transplantation on granulosa cell apoptosis and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression in autoimmune drug-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) mice. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanisms of hPMSCs on ovarian reserve capacity. Methods The POF mice model was established by injection of zona pellucida 3 peptide (pZP3). hPMSC transplantation was conducted by intravenous injection into mice following pZP3 treatment. The follicle number was examined by histopathology. The serum levels of FSH, LH, E2, AMH and anti-zona pellucida antibody (AzpAb) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AMH and FSHR expression in the ovary was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Granulosa cell apoptosis of the ovaries was examined by In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit. Granulosa cells were isolated and treated with SiAmh interference and hPMSC supernatant to observe the effects of AMH expression on granulosa cell apoptosis in vitro. Results The results showed that hPMSC transplantation can significantly recover the estrus cycle in the POF group. Morphological staining showed that the basal follicles and sinus follicles after hPMSC transplantation were higher in POF mice than in those without treatment, and the follicle number was significantly decreased with atresia. The serum levels of FSH, LH and AzpAb in the hPMSC transplantation group were reduced considerably, but the E2 and AMH levels were significantly increased. After hPMSC transplantation, the AMH and FSHR expression in ovarian tissue was significantly higher than in the POF group as determined by immunochemistry and western blot analysis. The FSHR expression was shown in granulosa cells only, and FSHR expression increases with AMH expressed in the ovary; granulosa cell apoptosis was decreased following hPMSC transplantation. The same results were observed from the in-vitro study. Conclusions hPMSC transplantation can significantly improve the serum levels of high gonadotropin and low estrogen of POF mice, promote follicular development, inhibit excessive follicular atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis, and improve the ovarian reserve capacity. The mechanism may be achieved by increasing the expression of AMH and FSHR in ovaries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0745-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Reproductive Diseases, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Reproductive Diseases, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Na Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Dongli Zhou
- Health School of Laiyang, Laiyang, 265200, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Reproductive Diseases, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Reproductive Diseases, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Pengchao Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wendan Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Phillips TA, Metheny T, Petroff BK, Havighurst TC, Kim K, Bailey HH, Heckman-Stoddard BM. Clinical Trial of Acolbifene in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1146-55. [PMID: 26391916 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acolbifene as a breast cancer prevention agent in premenopausal women. To do so, we assessed change in proliferation in benign breast tissue sampled by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA) as a primary endpoint, along with changes in other risk biomarkers and objective and subjective side effects as secondary endpoints. Twenty-five women with cytologic hyperplasia ± atypia and ≥2% of breast epithelial cells staining positive for Ki-67, received 20 mg acolbifene daily for 6-8 months, and then had benign breast tissue and blood risk biomarkers reassessed. Ki-67 decreased from a median of 4.6% [interquartile range (IQR), 3.1%-8.5%] at baseline to 1.4% (IQR, 0.6%-3.5%) after acolbifene (P < 0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test), despite increases in bioavailable estradiol. There were also significant decreases in expression (RT-qPCR) of estrogen-inducible genes that code for pS2, ERα, and progesterone receptor (P ≤ 0.026). There was no significant change in serum IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF1:IGFBP3 ratio, or mammographic breast density. Subjective side effects were minimal with no significant increase in hot flashes, muscle cramps, arthralgias, or fatigue. Objective measures showed a clinically insignificant decrease in lumbar spine bone density (DEXA) and an increase in ovarian cysts but no change in endometrial thickness (sonography). In summary, acolbifene was associated with favorable changes in benign breast epithelial cell proliferation and estrogen-inducible gene expression but minimal side effects, suggesting a phase IIB placebo-controlled trial evaluating it further for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | | | - Teresa A Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Trina Metheny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brian K Petroff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Thomas C Havighurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Howard H Bailey
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Delman DM, Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Yeh H, Petroff BK. Effects of Flaxseed Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucosideon Preneoplastic Biomarkers of Cancer Progression in a Model of Simultaneous Breast and Ovarian Cancer Development. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:857-64. [PMID: 26010915 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1042549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer prevention efforts are focused increasingly on potentially beneficial dietary modifications due to their ease of implementation and wide acceptance. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a lignan found in high concentration in flaxseed that may have selective estrogen receptor modulator-like effects resulting in antiestrogenic activity in a high estrogen environment. In parallel with a human phase II prevention trial, female ACI rats (n = 8-10/group) received 0, 10, or 100 ppm SDG in the feed. The 100 ppm SDG treatment produced similar blood lignan levels as those observed in our human pilot study. Mammary and ovarian cancer progression were induced using local ovarian DMBA treatment and subcutaneous sustained release 17β-estradiol administered starting at 7 weeks of age. Mammary gland and ovarian tissues were collected at 3 mo after initiation of treatment and examined for changes in epithelial cell proliferation (Ki-67, cell counts), histopathology, and dysplasia scores, as well as expression of selected genes involved in proliferation, estrogen signaling, and cell adhesion. Treatment with SDG normalized several biomarkers in mammary gland tissue (dysplasia, cell number, and expression of several genes) that had been altered by carcinogen. There is no indication that SDG promotes preneoplastic progression in the ovarian epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devora M Delman
- a Breast Cancer Prevention Center, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
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9
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Piasecka-Srader J, Blanco FF, Delman DH, Dixon DA, Geiser JL, Ciereszko RE, Petroff BK. Tamoxifen prevents apoptosis and follicle loss from cyclophosphamide in cultured rat ovaries. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:132. [PMID: 25833159 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies documented that the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen prevents follicle loss and promotes fertility following in vivo exposure of rodents to irradiation or ovotoxic cancer drugs, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. In an effort to characterize the ovarian-sparing mechanisms of tamoxifen in preantral follicle classes, cultured neonatal rat ovaries (Day 4, Sprague Dawley) were treated for 1-7 days with active metabolites of cyclophosphamide (i.e., 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide; CTX) (0, 1, and 10 μM) and tamoxifen (i.e., 4-hydroxytamoxifen; TAM) (0 and 10 μM) in vitro, and both apoptosis and follicle numbers were measured. CTX caused marked follicular apoptosis and follicular loss. TAM treatment decreased follicular loss and apoptosis from CTX in vitro. TAM alone had no effect on these parameters. IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor were assessed in ovarian tissue showing no impact of TAM or CTX on these endpoints. Targeted mRNA analysis during follicular rescue by TAM revealed decreased expression of multiple genes related to inflammation, including mediators of lipoxygenase and prostaglandin production and signaling (Alox5, Pla2g1b, Ptgfr), cytokine binding (Il1r1, Il2rg ), apoptosis (Tnfrsf1a), second messenger signaling (Mapk1, Mapk14, Plcg1), as well as tissue remodeling and vasodilation (Bdkrb2, Klk15). The results suggest that TAM protects the ovary from CTX-mediated toxicity through direct ovarian actions that oppose follicular loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Piasecka-Srader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Fernando F Blanco
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devora H Delman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - James L Geiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Brian K Petroff
- Diagnostic Companion Animal and Population Health Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Oliva P, Roncoroni C, Radaelli E, Brunialti E, Rizzi N, De Maglie M, Scanziani E, Piaggio G, Ciana P, Komm B, Maggi A. Global Profiling of TSEC Proliferative Potential by the Use of a Reporter Mouse for Proliferation. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:119-28. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719111431002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Oliva
- TOP srl, Transgenic Operative Products, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- DIPAV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcella De Maglie
- TOP srl, Transgenic Operative Products, Lodi, Italy
- DIPAV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Piaggio
- Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto Regina Elena, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barry Komm
- Pfizer Inc. (B.K.), Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Baigent A, Lashen H. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a patient treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2429.e5-7. [PMID: 21496808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the management of a rare case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) induced by tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer in a 50-year-old woman. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Gynecology outpatient department of a university hospital. PATIENT(S) A 50-year-old premenopausal patient with a history of breast cancer was prescribed adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen. INTERVENTION(S) Temporary discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy resolved symptoms, but resumption of tamoxifen caused a recurrence of symptoms. Surgical bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy was therefore performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Resolution of symptoms of OHSS. RESULT(S) Bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy rendered the patient postmenopausal and enabled the commencement of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole as an alternative adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. CONCLUSION(S) Tamoxifen-induced OHSS is rare. Furthermore, OHSS is very rare in the older female. OHSS usually resolves with temporary discontinuation of tamoxifen, however, the recurrence of symptoms when resuming tamoxifen is better treated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to enable adjuvant treatment with anastrazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Baigent
- University of Sheffield, Jessops Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Peano BJ, Crabtree JS, Komm BS, Winneker RC, Harris HA. Effects of various selective estrogen receptor modulators with or without conjugated estrogens on mouse mammary gland. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1897-903. [PMID: 19022889 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are small molecules that, depending on the end point measured, may either function as estrogen receptor (ER) agonists or antagonize estrogens' agonist activity. A key feature of SERMs is the inhibition of ER agonist action on the uterus and mammary gland, but the degree of antagonism varies among compounds and end points. Bazedoxifene is a SERM that is being clinically evaluated both as a monotherapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and in combination with conjugated estrogens (CEs) for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis. The studies reported here compare the relative ER agonist and antagonist effects of three pharmacologically distinct SERMs (bazedoxifene, raloxifene, and lasofoxifene) on the ovariectomized mouse when administered alone or as a tissue-selective estrogen complex, a term used to describe the partnering of a SERM and one or more estrogens. At the minimum dose required to maximally reduce CE-stimulated uterine wet weight increase for each SERM, the degree of inhibition varied among the SERMs, with a rank order of bazedoxifene approximately raloxifene > lasofoxifene, in which only bazedoxifene was statistically similar to vehicle. In the mammary gland, in which amphiregulin mRNA and morphological effects were measured, bazedoxifene generally exhibited less agonist activity and was a more effective antagonist of CE than raloxifene or lasofoxifene. In summary, in an animal model evaluating estrogen-modulated uterine effects and mammary gland development, bazedoxifene exhibited less ER agonist activity than raloxifene or lasofoxifene, and, as a tissue-selective estrogen complex, bazedoxifene/CE demonstrated less mammary gland stimulation than raloxifene/CE and lasofoxifene/CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Peano
- Department of Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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Harris HA, Chennathukuzhi VM, Zhang X, Mekonnen B, Jelinsky SA, Schelling SH, Patel VS, Huselton C, Negahban A, Azam F, Winneker RC. Development of an early biomarker for the ovarian liability of selective estrogen receptor modulators in rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 112:40-6. [PMID: 18824103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have the potential to treat estrogen sensitive diseases such as uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis, which are prevalent in reproductive age women. However, SERMs also increase the risk of developing ovarian cysts in this population, a phenomenon that is not seen in postmenopausal women. It is believed that current SERMs partially block estradiol's ability to downregulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus thereby interfering with estradiol's negative feedback, leading to increased ovarian stimulation by gonadotropins, and cyst formation. It has been postulated that a SERM with poor brain exposure would have less negative effect on the HPO axis, therefore reducing the risk of developing ovarian cysts. In order to test this hypothesis, we identified an early marker of SERM-dependent ovarian effects: upregulation of Cyp17a1 mRNA. SERMs known to cause ovarian cysts upregulate Cyp17a1 after only 4 days of dosing and suppression of the HPO axis prevented this regulation, indicating that ovarian expression of Cyp17a1 was secondary to SERM's effect on the brain. We then characterized three SERMs with similar binding affinity and antagonist effects on the uterus for their relative brain/plasma exposure and ovarian effects. We found that the degree of brain exposure correlated very well with Cyp17a1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Harris
- Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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Fleming JS, Beaugié CR, Haviv I, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan OL. Incessant ovulation, inflammation and epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis: revisiting old hypotheses. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 247:4-21. [PMID: 16297528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often a lethal disease because in many cases early symptoms go undetected. Although research proceeds apace, as yet there are few reliable and specific biomarkers for the early stages of the disease. EOC is an umbrella label for a highly heterogeneous collection of cancers, which includes tumours of low malignant potential, serous cystadenomas, mucinous and clear cell carcinomas, all of which are likely to arise from a number of epithelial cell types and a variety of progenitor lesions. Many, but not all types of EOC are thought to arise from the cells lining ovarian inclusion cysts. In this review, we discuss the hypotheses that have driven our ideas on epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis and examine the morphological and genetic evidence for pathways to EOC. The emergence of laser-capture microdissection and expression profiling by microarray technologies offers the promise of defining these pathways more accurately, as well as providing us with the tools for earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean S Fleming
- Eskitis Institute for Cell & Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Griffith University Nathan Campus, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
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