1
|
Rojas MG, Pozzi E, Ramasamy R. Unlocking the mystery of the human Y chromosome. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:65-66. [PMID: 37803196 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G Rojas
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xin X, Xu P, Wang N, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Huang H, Feng L, Wang S. Copy number variations (CNVs) and karyotyping analysis in males with azoospermia and oligospermia. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:213. [PMID: 37684669 PMCID: PMC10485952 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the essential roles that genetic factors play in azoospermia and oligospermia, this study aims to identify abnormal chromosomes using karyotyping and CNVs and elucidate the associated genes in patients. METHODS A total of 1157 azoospermia and oligospermia patients were recruited, of whom, 769 and 674 underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify CNVs and routine G-band karyotyping, respectively. RESULTS First, 286 patients were co-analyzed using CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) and karyotyping. Of the 725 and 432 patients with azoospermia and oligospermia, 33.8% and 48.9% had abnormal karyotypes and CNVs, respectively. In particular, 47,XXY accounted for 44.18% and 26.33% of abnormal karyotypes and CNVs, respectively, representing the most frequent genetic aberration in azoospermia and oligospermia patients. Nevertheless, big Y and small Y accounted for 7.46% and 16.67% of abnormal karyotypes, respectively. We also identified high-frequency CNVs-loci, such as Xp22.31 and 2p24.3, in azoospermia and oligospermia patients. CONCLUSION Sex chromosome and autosomal CNV loci, such as Xp22.31 and 2p24.3, as well as the associated genes, such as VCX and NACAP9, could be candidate spermatogenesis genes. The high-frequency abnormal karyotypes, CNV loci, and hot genes represent new targets for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of perinatal laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of perinatal laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Pang Q. Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Human Y Chromosome and Male Infertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:831338. [PMID: 35912115 PMCID: PMC9326358 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.831338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The male-specific Y chromosome, which is well known for its diverse and complex repetitive sequences, has different sizes, genome structures, contents and evolutionary trajectories from other chromosomes and is of great significance for testis development and function. The large number of repetitive sequences and palindrome structure of the Y chromosome play an important role in maintaining the stability of male sex determining genes, although they can also cause non-allelic homologous recombination within the chromosome. Deletion of certain Y chromosome sequences will lead to spermatogenesis disorders and male infertility. And Y chromosome genes are also involved in the occurrence of reproductive system cancers and can increase the susceptibility of other tumors. In addition, the Y chromosome has very special value in the personal identification and parentage testing of male-related cases in forensic medicine because of its unique paternal genetic characteristics. In view of the extremely high frequency and complexity of gene rearrangements and the limitations of sequencing technology, the analysis of Y chromosome sequences and the study of Y-gene function still have many unsolved problems. This article will introduce the structure and repetitive sequence of the Y chromosome, summarize the correlation between Y chromosome various sequence deletions and male infertility for understanding the repetitive sequence of Y chromosome more systematically, in order to provide research motivation for further explore of the molecules mechanism of Y-deletion and male infertility and theoretical foundations for the transformation of basic research into applications in clinical medicine and forensic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Jining NO 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Pang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He J, Chang K, Liu S, Ji J, Liu L, Feng Y, Wei J. Phthalate levels in urine of pregnant women and their associated missed abortion risk. Reprod Biol 2020; 21:100476. [PMID: 33387725 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are one of the most common environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in human contact. Prenatal phthalates exposure may adversely affect intrauterine growth, however, little is known about their association. This study aimed to explore the impact of phthalates on the risk of missed abortion. A total of 123 women with missed abortion (cases) and 148 normal pregnant women (controls) were simultaneously collected from Taiyuan, China. Four urinary phthalate metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) of missed abortion associated with phthalate metabolite levels. Four phthalate metabolites, including monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), were detected in at least 78.97 % of all participants, with the highest geometric mean concentration of 147.19 ng/mL for MEP of the urine samples. Both MMP (Z = -3.898, P < 0.001) and MBP (Z = -2.198, P = 0.028) concentrations were higher in cases than in controls. There were no significant differences for MEP (Z = -0.285, P = 0.076) and MBzP (Z = -0.878, P = 0.380) concentrations between cases and controls. Furthermore, Logistic analysis revealed that each one-unit increase in log-transformed MMP (OR = 1.49, 95 % CI = 1.14-1.95) was positively associated with missed abortion. Increasing risks of missed abortion were observed the third quartile (Q3) and the highest quartile (Q4) of MMP(OR = 2.21, 95 % CI = 1.06-4.60; OR = 2.85, 95 % CI = 1.34-6.05) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of MMP concentrations. We concluded that prenatal phthalates exposure may contribute to an increased risk of missed abortion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Kewei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingru Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Junni Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Role of Number of Copies, Structure, Behavior and Copy Number Variations (CNV) of the Y Chromosome in Male Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010040. [PMID: 31905733 PMCID: PMC7016774 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines infertility as the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy within one year. Statistics show that the two sexes are equally at risk. Several causes may be responsible for male infertility; however, in 30–40% of cases a diagnosis of idiopathic male infertility is made in men with normal urogenital anatomy, no history of familial fertility-related diseases and a normal panel of values as for endocrine, genetic and biochemical markers. Idiopathic male infertility may be the result of gene/environment interactions, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Numerical and structural anomalies of the Y chromosome represent a minor yet significant proportion and are the topic discussed in this review. We searched the PubMed database and major search engines for reports about Y-linked male infertility. We present cases of Y-linked male infertility in terms of (i) anomalies of the Y chromosome structure/number; (ii) Y chromosome misbehavior in a normal genetic background; (iii) Y chromosome copy number variations (CNVs). We discuss possible explanations of male infertility caused by mutations, lower or higher number of copies of otherwise wild type, Y-linked sequences. Despite Y chromosome structural anomalies are not a major cause of male infertility, in case of negative results and of normal DNA sequencing of the ascertained genes causing infertility and mapping on this chromosome, we recommend an analysis of the karyotype integrity in all cases of idiopathic fertility impairment, with an emphasis on the structure and number of this chromosome.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is a main cause of male infertility, yet its influence still remains elusive in that of females. To investigate the correlation between CNV and female infertility, we applied whole-genome CNV analyses by next generation Sequencing (NGS), and analyzed 324 female infertility samples in Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China. We identified 29 CNVs in total, of which 10 were novel CNVs. We found these CNVs mostly in chromosome X. The CNVs from one sample overlapped the POF1B gene that was related to premature ovarian failure (POF). The rest of these CNVs overlapped important functional genes related to neuropathy, brain, skin and retina, and the relationship between these CNVs and fertility needs to be studied further. We also found recurrent CNVs located on Xp22.31 and 22ql 1.21 in five and three cases, respectively. Our study first identified and characterized CNVs (CNVs preference, recurrent CNVs) in female infertility, also provided genetic evidence and references for future study and infertility etiology research.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma X, Kuete M, Gu X, Zhou H, Xiong C, Li H. Recurrent deletions of the X chromosome linked CNV64, CNV67, and CNV69 shows geographic differences across China and no association with idiopathic infertility in men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185084. [PMID: 28934280 PMCID: PMC5608304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study found that three recurrent deletions of X chromosome linked copy number variations (CNVs), CNV64, CNV67 and CNV69 were associated with idiopathic male infertility in Spanish and Italian populations, especially CNV67 resembling the azoospermia factor deletions. That merits further investigations among different populations. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of the three CNVs deletions and their associations with idiopathic male infertility in Chinese Han population. The present study included a large population of 1550 Chinese Han subjects recruited between 2014 and 2016. In total, 714 infertile participants were diagnosed as idiopathic infertility with different conditions (288 with non-obstructive azoospermia, 210 oligozoospermia and 216 asthenospermia) and 836 fertile participants (vasectomized men). The fertile participants were recruited from the representative areas: the north (Hebei and Shanxi), center (Hubei and Jiangsu), and south (Guangdong) of China. All patients were recruited from Hubei province. A multiplex PCR system was established to screen the deletion of the three CNVs, and deletion was confirmed by general PCR. Similar rates of these deletions were observed in infertile men and fertile participants (Hubei), and among the different conditions of infertility. Moreover, CNV64 and CNV67 map distribution geographically differed across China. The three CNVs in fertile groups of other regions were similar, except for Guangdong. No association between the three CNVs deletions and idiopathic male infertility was observed. CNV67 is rare in central China, albeit large sample size study for confirmation is warranted. It seems that the association between these CNVs deletions and idiopathic male infertility is ethnic dependent. There is still need to screen the CNVs deletions in other ethnicities. We suggested to consider the stratification patterns and geographic differences when prescribing CNVs deletions screening as a test in male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Ma
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Martin Kuete
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Montagnes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bangante, Cameroon
| | - Xiuli Gu
- Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ni T, Li J, Chen H, Gao Y, Gao X, Yan J, Chen ZJ. Male chromosomal polymorphisms reduce cumulative live birth rate for IVF couples. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1017-1025. [PMID: 28573525 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosomal polymorphisms are associated with infertility, but their effects on assisted reproductive outcomes are still quite conflicting, especially after IVF treatment. This study evaluated the role of chromosomal polymorphisms of different genders in IVF pregnancy outcomes. METHODS Four hundred and twenty-five infertile couples undergoing IVF treatment were divided into three groups: 214 couples with normal chromosomes (group A, control group), 86 couples with female polymorphisms (group B), and 125 couples with male polymorphisms (group C). The pregnancy outcomes after the first and cumulative transfer cycles were analyzed, and the main outcome measures were live birth rate (LBR) after the first transfer cycle and cumulative LBR after a complete IVF cycle. RESULTS Comparison of pregnancy outcomes after the first transfer cycle within group A, group B, and group C demonstrated a similar LBR as well as other rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, early miscarriage, and ongoing pregnancy (P > 0.05). However, the analysis of cumulative pregnancy outcomes indicated that compared with group A, group C had a significantly lower LBR per cycle (80.4 vs 68.00%), for a rate ratio of 1.182 (95% CI 1.030 to 1.356, P = 0.01) and a significantly higher cumulative early miscarriage rate (EMR) among clinical pregnancies (7.2 vs 14.7%), for a rate ratio of 0.489 (95% CI 0.248 to 0.963, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION Couples with chromosomal polymorphisms in only male partners have poor pregnancy outcomes after IVF treatment manifesting as high cumulative EMR and low LBR after a complete cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Ni
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jingliu Road 157, Jinan, 250021, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250021, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu H, Gao J, Guo W, Zhou Y, Kong Q. The expression of DNA methyltransferases3A is specifically downregulated in chorionic villi of early embryo growth arrest cases. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:591-596. [PMID: 28560437 PMCID: PMC5482127 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern of four DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L) in placenta chorionic villi of early embryo growth arrest patients. Chorionic villous specimens were obtained from 40 pregnant patients diagnosed with early embryo growth arrest and 40 healthy women who underwent selective pregnancy termination. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed to characterize the mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs in chorionic villous cells. It was identified, among the four DNMTs, DNMT3B presented the highest level of protein expression in both patient groups. Although the mRNA expressions of the four DNMTs were comparable, the DNMT3A protein was specifically downregulated in patients with early embryo growth arrest. Therefore, the current study suggests that an abnormal decrease in DNMT3A protein levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of early embryo growth arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huating Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Yantaishan Hospital, Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qingnuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pathak D, Yadav SK, Rawal L, Ali S. Mutational landscape of the human Y chromosome-linked genes and loci in patients with hypogonadism. J Genet 2016; 94:677-87. [PMID: 26690523 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex chromosome-related anomalies engender plethora of conditions leading to male infertility. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a rare but well-known cause of male infertility. Present study was conducted to ascertain possible consensus on the alterations of the Y-linked genes and loci in males representing hypogonadism (H), which in turn culminate in reproductive dysfunction. A total of nineteen 46, XY males, clinically diagnosed with H (11 representative HH adults and eight prepubertal boys suspected of having HH) were included in the study. Sequence-tagged site screening,SRY gene sequencing,fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping (FISH), copy number and relative expression studies by real-time PCR were conducted to uncover the altered status of the Y chromosome in the patients. The result showed random microdeletions within the AZFa (73%)/b (78%) and c(26%) regions. Sequencing of the SRY gene showed nucleotide variations within and outside of the HMG box in four males (21%). FISH uncovered mosaicism for SRY, AMELY,DAZ genes and DYZ1 arrays, structural rearrangement for AMELY (31%) and duplication of DAZ (57%) genes. Copy number variation for seven Y-linked genes (2-8 rounds of duplication), DYZ1 arrays (495-6201 copies) and differential expression of SRY,UTY and VCY in the patients' blood were observed. Present work demonstrates the organizational vulnerability of several Y-linked genes in H males. These results are envisaged to be useful during routine diagnosis of H patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Pathak
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067,India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Two Y chromosomes with duplication of the distal long arm including the entire AZFc region. Gene 2014; 536:444-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|