1
|
Motomura K, Hara M, Ito I, Morita H, Matsumoto K. Roles of human trophoblasts' pattern recognition receptors in host defense and pregnancy complications. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103811. [PMID: 36669386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system in pregnancy is able to protect pregnant mothers and fetuses from pathogenic microorganisms even while permitting the mother to tolerate the semi-allogenic fetus. Trophoblasts, which are fetal-derived placental cells, play a central role on both sides of this duality at the maternal-fetal interface. In brief, the trophoblasts express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are involved in the local innate immune response in the placenta. That response eliminates pathogenic microbes but also causes tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the research findings to date regarding the roles of those human trophoblast PRRs. Multiple types of PRRs (Toll-like receptors, Nod-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors) are expressed in the placenta and on trophoblasts. Trophoblasts' PRRs participate in protecting the fetus against viruses, bacteria, and parasites by triggering production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the placenta. On the negative side, PRR signaling in trophoblasts can also initiate inflammation and trophoblast cell death, which can lead to placental inflammation-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, and miscarriage. Further elucidation of these dual roles of trophoblasts' PRRs may shed light on the mechanisms by which fetuses are protected against congenital infections and also give us a better understanding of the etiologies of pregnancy complications, which can help us prevent/reduce adverse prenatal/neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Mariko Hara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee B, Norwitz E, Hwang IS, Woo JY, Hwang SO, Lee HJ. Impact of Progesterone on Molecular Mechanisms of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3137-3146. [PMID: 34106437 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role and mechanisms of progesterone in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone in pre-labor full-term fetal amniotic membrane cells with and without stimulation by microbial, pro-inflammatory, or thrombogenic agents. Fetal amniotic membranes were collected from 30 women with a normal singleton pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section at term prior to the onset of labor. The human amniotic epithelial cells isolated were pretreated with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with and without TLR/NLR agonists, pro-inflammatory cytokines, or thrombin for 48 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and caspase-3 activity measurement were performed. Progesterone stimulation decreased the expression of TLR2, TLR5, and Nod2 genes (alone and/or in combination with TLR/NLR agonists) and decreased the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes increased by stimulation with specific agonists for TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, Nod1, and Nod2. Moreover, progesterone decreased thrombin-induced IL-8 gene expression. Progesterone also decreased expression of Bax and Bid proteins (pro-apoptotic factors) increased by stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, and IL-1β) and thrombin. Progesterone stimulation alone as well as co-stimulation with TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, IL-1β, or thrombin with progesterone either increased, decreased, or did not change the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or XIAP genes (anti-apoptotic factors). These data suggest progesterone plays protective roles against PPROM through anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombogenic actions on human-term fetal amniotic membrane cells. Progesterone alters pro-inflammatory cytokine- and thrombin-induced apoptosis by controlling the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banghyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Errol Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Woo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ook Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng X, Aabdin ZU, Wang Y, Ma N, Dai H, Shi X, Shen X. Glutamine pretreatment protects bovine mammary epithelial cells from inflammation and oxidative stress induced by γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP). J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2123-2139. [PMID: 33358155 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine (GLN) has many types of biological activity in rats, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis effects. However, little is known about the effects of GLN on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). γ-d-Glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) is a cell wall peptidoglycan component of gram-negative bacteria that can be recognized by the intracellular receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) and can cause bovine mastitis. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether GLN protects BMEC from iE-DAP-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. We cultured BMEC in a GLN-free medium for 24 h and then separated them into 4 groups: cells treated with 1× PBS for 26 or 32 h (control); cells stimulated by 10 μg/mL iE-DAP for 2 or 8 h (2- or 8-h iE-DAP); cells pretreated with 8 or 4 mM GLN for 24 h followed by 2 or 8 h of 1× PBS treatment (8 or 4 mM GLN); and cells pretreated with 8 or 4 mM GLN for 24 h followed by 2 or 8 h of iE-DAP treatment (DG). In the 2-h iE-DAP group, when levels of inflammation peaked, iE-DAP treatment increased both the mRNA and protein expression of NOD1, inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NFKBIA, IκB), and nuclear factor-κB subunit p65 (RELA, NF-κB p65), as well as the mRNA expression of IL6 and IL8 and levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in cell culture supernatants. In contrast, 8 mM GLN pretreatment inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory-related factors by suppressing the NOD1/NF-κB pathway. In the 8-h iE-DAP group, iE-DAP treatment decreased the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular regulated kinase (Erk, ERK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-associated factor2 (NFE2L2, Nrf2), as well as the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), coenzyme II oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, HO1). In addition, iE-DAP treatment increased the expression of malondialdehyde in BMEC when oxidative stress levels peaked. Interestingly, 4 mM GLN pretreatment induced the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidative stress-related factors and inhibited the expression of reactive oxygen species in BMEC by promoting the ERK/Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, GLN reduced apoptosis caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in BMEC. This is the first report showing that GLN protects against iE-DAP-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via the NOD1/NF-κB and ERK/Nrf2 pathways in BMEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Cheng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zain-Ui Aabdin
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao Q, Wang Y, Ma N, Dai H, Roy AC, Chang G, Shi X, Shen X. Sodium valproate attenuates the iE-DAP induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the NOD1-NF-κB pathway and histone modifications in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106392. [PMID: 32182568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of sodium valproate (VPA) in vivo and in vitro have been demonstrated in recent studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether VPA can suppress inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) stimulated by γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP). First, the concentration and treatment points of iE-DAP and VPA were optimized. Then, BMECs were cultured in complete media and separated into four groups: untreated control cells (CON group), cells stimulated by 10 μg/mL iE-DAP for 6 h (DAP group), cells stimulated by 0.5 mmol/L VPA for 6 h (VPA group), and cells pretreated with VPA (0.5 mmol/L) for 6 h followed by 10 μg/mL of iE-DAP for 6 h (VD group). The results showed that the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the culture medium increased in the iE-DAP-treated cells and that pretreatment with VPA reversed this increase. iE-DAP increased both mRNA and protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) and receptor-interacting protein kinas (RIPK2) and activated inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) through phosphorylation. Upon activation of the NF-κB pathway, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the acute phase protein serum amyloid A 3 (SAA3) and the lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) but not haptoglobi (HP) or bovine neutrophil beta defensing 5 (BNBD5) were increased in the DAP group. The VPA pretreatment induced the acetylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT1) and histone 3 (H3) by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) and then suppressed the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, VPA induced autophagy and reduced apoptosis in BMECs in the VD group. These results suggested that VPA treatment can attenuate the inflammatory response induced by iE-DAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Nana Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Animesh Chandra Roy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Groeger S, Meyle J. Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30837987 PMCID: PMC6383680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular Phenotype and Apoptosis: The function of epithelial tissues is the protection of the organism from chemical, microbial, and physical challenges which is indispensable for viability. To fulfill this task, oral epithelial cells follow a strongly regulated scheme of differentiation that results in the formation of structural proteins that manage the integrity of epithelial tissues and operate as a barrier. Oral epithelial cells are connected by various transmembrane proteins with specialized structures and functions. Keratin filaments adhere to the plasma membrane by desmosomes building a three-dimensional matrix. Cell-Cell Contacts and Bacterial Influence: It is known that pathogenic oral bacteria are able to affect the expression and configuration of cell-cell junctions. Human keratinocytes up-regulate immune-modulatory receptors upon stimulation with bacterial components. Periodontal pathogens including P. gingivalis are able to inhibit oral epithelial innate immune responses through various mechanisms and to escape from host immune reaction, which supports the persistence of periodontitis and furthermore is able to affect the epithelial barrier function by altering expression and distribution of cell-cell interactions including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). In the pathogenesis of periodontitis a highly organized biofilm community shifts from symbiosis to dysbiosis which results in destructive local inflammatory reactions. Cellular Receptors: Cell-surface located toll like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmatic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize microbial parts that represent pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A multimeric complex of proteins known as inflammasome, which is a subset of NLRs, assembles after activation and proceeds to pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Cytokine Production and Release: Cytokines and bacterial products may lead to host cell mediated tissue destruction. Keratinocytes are able to produce diverse pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Infection by pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) can induce a differentiated production of these cytokines. Immuno-modulation, Bacterial Infection, and Cancer Cells: There is a known association between bacterial infection and cancer. Bacterial components are able to up-regulate immune-modulatory receptors on cancer cells. Interactions of bacteria with tumor cells could support malignant transformation an environment with deficient immune regulation. The aim of this review is to present a set of molecular mechanisms of oral epithelial cells and their reactions to a number of toxic influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li H, Jin H, Li Y, Liu D, Foda MF, Jiang Y, Luo R. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of duck nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:82-89. [PMID: 28431894 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is an imperative cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and considered as a key member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family which plays a critical role in innate immunity through sensing microbial components derived from bacterial peptidoglycan. In the current study, the full-length of duck NOD1 (duNOD1) cDNA from duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) was cloned. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that duNOD1 exhibited a strong evolutionary relationship with chicken and rock pigeon NOD1. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that duNOD1 was widely distributed in various organs, with the highest expression observed in the liver. Furthermore, duNOD1 overexpression induced NF-κB activation in DEFs and the CARD domain is crucial for duNOD1-mediated NF-κB activation. In addition, silencing the duNOD1 decreased the activity of NF-κB in DEFs stimulated by iE-DAP. Overexpression of duNOD1 significantly increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and RANTES in DEFs. These findings highlight the crucial role of duNOD1 as an intracellular sensor in duck innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yaqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mohamed Frahat Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Yunbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar N, Nandula P, Menden H, Jarzembowski J, Sampath V. Placental TLR/NLR expression signatures are altered with gestational age and inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:1588-1595. [PMID: 27440318 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1214705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify changes in placental expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nuclear oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) gene with (1) advancing gestational age (GA) and (2) exposure to chorioamnionitis (CA) and preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM). METHODS Placental tissue was collected at the time of birth from 83 subjects with live birth pregnancies from 24- to 40-week gestation between 2009 and 2013. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of 13 TLR/NLR genes involved in bacterial sensing was performed using specific probes. RESULTS Of 83 patients enrolled, 61 were preterm (<37 weeks). 23 (27%) had evidence of CA; and 33 (39.8%) had PPROM. 15 (18%) had both CA and PPROM (CP). 42 (50%) had neither CA nor PPROM (C/P). Only RIPK2 (p = 0.0025) and TLR4 (p = 0.0005) were found to increase progressively with GA. We found significant changes in TLR5 (p = 0.01) with CA, NFKBIA (p = 0.016) with PPROM, NKKBIA (p = 0.003), and NFKB1 (p = 0.009) with CA and PPROM. CONCLUSION RIPK2 (mediator of NOD-dependent NF-kB signaling) and TLR4 progressively increased with GA. We speculate this upregulation may be involved in initiating labor and delivery at term. Increase in NFKBIA seen in PPROM and CA might represent a counter regulatory mechanism to decrease inflammation in these conditions. This study provides new information on relationships between GA, CA/PPROM, and TLR/NLR signaling in the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar
- a Division of Neonatology, Hurley Medical Center , Flint, MI , USA
| | - Padma Nandula
- b Division of Neonatology, Clinical Center, University of Florida Health at Jacksonville , Jacksonville, FL , USA
| | - Heather Menden
- c Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Jason Jarzembowski
- d Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- c Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao Z, Zhu C, Song W, Xu W, Zhang S, Liu H, Li H. Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:242-250. [PMID: 28084794 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1280771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken. 2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues. 3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8. 4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered. 5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Tao
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| | - C Zhu
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| | - W Song
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| | - W Xu
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| | - S Zhang
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| | - H Liu
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| | - H Li
- a Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225125 , China
| |
Collapse
|