1
|
Donato F, Rota M, Ceretti E, Viviana Viola GC, Marullo M, Zani D, Lorenzetti S, Montano L. Intensity and type of physical activity and semen quality in healthy young men. Fertil Steril 2024:S0015-0282(24)01954-X. [PMID: 39243273 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.08.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between intensity of physical activity (PA) and semen quality in healthy young men. DESIGN A prospective cohort study with repeated measures for each subject. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Healthy high school and university students who did not regularly smoke tobacco, drink alcohol, or take drugs or medicine, with normal body mass index and abdominal circumference. INTERVENTION(S) The participants underwent urologic visit, fasting blood and semen sampling, and anthropometric measurements, and filled in the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, at enrollment and after 4 and 8 months. Duration and frequency of walking, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity activities in the last week were assessed, and a score was computed for total PA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Semen specimens were taken at each visit through masturbation, after 3-5 days of abstinence, and analyzed by an expert urologist. Sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, and proportion of spermatozoa with normal morphology were measured. Linear and generalized linear mixed models with the Poisson family were fitted to assess the relationships between PA variables and sperm parameters, after adjusting for season, time, and study arm. The shape of the relationship was modeled through restricted cubic spline regression. RESULT(S) A total of 143 male subjects, aged 18-23 years (median, 20 years), were enrolled. They had a median PA of 1,960 (95% confidence interval, 1,055-3,182) Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks in min/wk. Statistically significant differences were found for total, progressive motility, and percent of cell with normal morphology across categories of total PA; the highest medians of total (47%) and progressive motility (34%) and of the percentage of normal morphology cells (7%) were found for medium PA. Positive associations of sperm total motility and normal morphology with medium levels of PA, and negative associations with walking and vigorous-intensity activity emerged. Spline regression analysis confirmed these findings, showing an inverse U-shape relationship, with the highest value of total motility and normal morphology for medium PA, and the lowest values for lower and higher activity. CONCLUSION(S) These findings support the present recommendations to practice moderate PA for health improvement, including semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rota
- Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Claudia Viviana Viola
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Marullo
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Danilo Zani
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (EcoFoodFertility project), Oliveto Citra Hospital, Salerno, Italy; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Newman-Sanders A, Kirkman-Brown JC, Gallagher MT. Gym lifestyle factors and male reproductive health: a study into young adult usage and perceptions. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103623. [PMID: 38029492 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What level of awareness do young adults have regarding the potential impacts of gym lifestyle factors and supplementation on male infertility? DESIGN Between February and March 2023 a questionnaire (n = 153) was employed to gauge attitudes to and awareness of the effects of male reproductive health and gym lifestyles on male fertility. Two semi-structured focus groups (n = 10 total), stratified by sex assigned at birth, were conducted using a set of discussion topics. RESULTS The survey revealed a statistically significant difference between male and female awareness of the potential impacts of some forms of high-intensity exercise and protein supplementation on male reproductive health (P = 0.045). Many men do not think about fertility unprompted; the survey revealed that fewer men have thought about their fertility compared with those who are curious about their fertility (P = 4.7 × 10-5) and those who believe their personal fertility is important to them (P = 8.1 × 10-6). Men were more likely to make a change in their behaviour if it had a long-term compared with a short-term effect on their fertility (P < 10-5). Five focus group themes surrounding awareness of male reproductive health were extracted. CONCLUSIONS This work has shown that there is a significant lack of awareness and information surrounding the effects of gym lifestyles on male infertility in a young adult UK population. Crucially, levels of awareness differ significantly between men and women. Men have a potentially alarming lack of concern over their own fertility and how factors such as gym supplements can have negative long-term impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Newman-Sanders
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham and Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jackson C Kirkman-Brown
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham and Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Meurig T Gallagher
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham and Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.; Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK..
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Belladelli F, Basran S, Eisenberg ML. Male Fertility and Physical Exercise. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e22. [PMID: 36649927 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
According to existing studies, sedentary behavior contributes to male infertility. Both preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the association between physical exercise, semen quality, and pregnancy rates with heterogeneous results. The current review sought to examine the relationship between physical activity (PA) and male infertility, semen characteristics, and pregnancy rates. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated mixed benefits from exercise, with diet being an important consideration. Some forms of PA showed an improvement in pregnancy rates, while others did not consistently improve semen quality. Data also suggests that more intense exercise and certain types of exercise may impair male fertility. Given the limited number of randomized trials, future research is required to examine the relationship between specific forms of exercise and semen parameters along with reproductive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Satvir Basran
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsampoukas G, Tharakan T, Narayan Y, Khan F, Cayetano A, Papatsoris A, Buchholz N, Minhas S. Investigating the therapeutic options for diabetes-associated male infertility as illustrated in animal experimental models. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14521. [PMID: 35934995 DOI: 10.1111/and.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a rising global health concern and an increasingly common cause of male infertility. Although the definitive pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the association between diabetes and infertility is unclear, there are several animal studies showing diabetes to be a detrimental factor on reproductive health through apoptosis, oxidative stress and impairment of steroidogenesis. Furthermore, as reflected in animal models, antidiabetic strategies and relevant treatments are beneficial in the management of infertile men with diabetes as the recovery of euglycemic status affects positively the spermatogenesis. However, the available data are still evolving and specific conclusion in human populations are not possible yet. In this review, we are discussing the current literature concerning the association of diabetes and male infertility, focusing on the therapeutic approach as illustrated in animals' models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsampoukas
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK.,Department of Urology, Great Western Hospital NHS Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yash Narayan
- Department of Surgery, Cairns Hospital, Cairns North, Queensland, Australia
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Urology, North Devon Hospital, Barnstaple, UK
| | - Axel Cayetano
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK.,Department of Urology, Sismanoglio University Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Noor Buchholz
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matorras R, Navarro A, Ramos D, Malaina I, Irazusta J, Vendrell A, Fernandez A, Ferrando M, Quintana F. Physical activity and sperm quality: influence in sperm donors. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:83. [PMID: 35610619 PMCID: PMC9128101 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain whether physical activity (PA) is associated with better sperm quality in sperm donors. METHODS A prospective case-control study was designed in an IVF center setting. A total of 207 sperm donation candidates from a relatively small geographical area were included in the study with no intervention. Donor candidates were subjected to conventional sperm analysis according to WHO criteria. Moreover, they answered a standardized questionnaire regarding their last week PA (IPAQ), with PA expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs)-min/week. Donors were classified into 4 groups: low, moderate, high and very high PA. Specific sports were included in the questionnaire. Semen samples from 43 accepted donors were used in artificial insemination by donor (AID) and IVF. The fertilization rates (FR) and pregnancy rates (PR) were studied. RESULTS Semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive spermatozoa, non-progressive spermatozoa, total motile progressive spermatozoa and sperm morphology were similar in the four PA groups. No correlation between various semen parameters studied and METs was found. Running or cycling > 1 h/week did not influence sperm parameters. The AID PR was similar in the different PA groups. However, in IVF the mean donor FR was significantly higher in the high PA group and in the very high PA group. CONCLUSIONS No detrimental effect was associated with PA, or even very high PA, regarding conventional sperm parameters. Moreover, a better FR was associated with high and very high PA in IVF cycles, which merits more studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Matorras
- IVIRMA BILBAO, Lejona, Spain
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Cruces University Hospital, Basque Country University, Baracaldo, Spain
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Iker Malaina
- Department of Mathematics, Basque Country University, Lejona, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Basque Country University, Lejona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sperm donor lifestyle survey: modifiable risk factors for potential sperm donors. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2965-2974. [PMID: 34554361 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and the main semen parameter values, the number of qualified sperm donors, and to provide some sensible guidance for sperm donors. METHODS Healthy men screened as potential sperm donors were recruited in the Hunan Province Human Sperm Bank of China from March 2019 to December 2019. Participants were invited to complete interviewer-assisted questionnaires on eleven items of information. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze which lifestyle factors collected by the questionnaire had an impact on the eligibility and main semen parameters of sperm donors. RESULTS The eligibility of men as sperm donors was strongly influenced by the duration of abstinence (P = 0.002). The rate of eligibility sperm donors increased significantly with the number of days of abstinence. In addition, semen volume increased with abstinence time (P = 0.000). Exercise frequency (P = 0.025) and abstinence time (P = 0.000) were positively correlated with sperm concentration, and masturbation frequency was negatively correlated with sperm concentration (P = 0.013). Progressive sperm motility was significantly affected by abstinence time (P = 0.000) and bedtime (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Abstinence time was highly associated with semen parameters and donor qualification. Increase the abstinence time before donation may be meaningful in improving the proportion of eligible sperm donors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Interactive Effects of Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors on Testicular Function among Healthy Adult Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094925. [PMID: 34063114 PMCID: PMC8124479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the role of lifestyle factors in testicular function has developed into a growing area of interest. Based on cross-sectional data on 3283 Taiwanese men, we investigated whether interactive effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were associated with testicular function. The men were recruited from a private screening institute between 2009 and 2015. Lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity (PA), sleeping habits, and diet) were obtained by a validated self-reported questionnaire. The men provided a semen sample and had blood drawn for sex hormone measurement. Men who smoked and drank had higher testosterone (T) levels (β = 0.81, p < 0.001) than those who neither smoked nor drank. Men who smoked and had high Western dietary pattern scores had higher T levels-by 0.38 ng/mL (p = 0.03). Those who drank and did not get enough sleep or had high Western dietary pattern scores had elevated T levels-by 0.60 ng/mL (p = 0.005) or 0.45 ng/mL (p = 0.02), respectively. Light PA and insomnia were associated with decreased T levels-by 0.64 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Those who smoked and drank or had light PA or had high Western dietary pattern scores had lower normal sperm morphologies (NSMs)-by 2.08%, 1.77%, and 2.29%, respectively. Moreover, drinkers who had high Western dietary pattern scores had higher sperm concentrations-by 4.63 M/mL (p = 0.04). Awareness and recognition of the long-term impact of lifestyle behaviors and better lifestyle choices may help to optimize the chance of conception amongst couples.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lunetti P, Capobianco L, Zara V, Ferramosca A. Physical Activity and Male Reproductive Function: A New Role for Gamete Mitochondria. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:99-106. [PMID: 33720911 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that some types of physical exercise might affect male reproductive potential, even though the potential mechanisms involved in the modulation of sperm quality remain poorly understood. Therefore, we propose a new role for gamete mitochondria as a key hub that coordinates molecular events related to the effects induced by physical exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Läänelaid S, Ortega FB, Kunovac Kallak T, Joelsson L, Ruiz JR, Hreinsson J, Wånggren K, Stavreus-Evers A, Kalda R, Salumets A, Altmäe S. Physical and Sedentary Activities in Association with Reproductive Outcomes among Couples Seeking Infertility Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2718. [PMID: 33800259 PMCID: PMC7967443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity (PA) with assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment and pregnancy outcomes among couples seeking infertility treatment. METHODS This prospective cohort study was carried out among 128 infertile individuals (64 couples), entering the infertility clinic for ART procedures. Baseline PA (before entering any treatment) was assessed using accelerometry for both women and men. For every couple the infertility treatment outcomes were recorded. RESULTS The couples that required invasive ART procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) spent less time in vigorous PA (-73 min/week per couple, woman + man) than those couples who became spontaneously pregnant after entering the study (p = 0.001). We observed no significant associations between the time spent in physical activities and positive pregnancy test or live birth. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a positive nor negative relation between the time the couples spent in physical activities and the chances of getting pregnant or having a baby among patients seeking infertility treatment. However, couples undergoing invasive ART procedures did less vigorous PA than couples that became spontaneously pregnant, suggesting that PA may interfere with their reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siret Läänelaid
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (S.L.); (R.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, S/N CP, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.B.O.); (J.R.R.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Theodora Kunovac Kallak
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.K.K.); (L.J.); (K.W.); (A.S.-E.)
| | - Lana Joelsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.K.K.); (L.J.); (K.W.); (A.S.-E.)
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, S/N CP, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.B.O.); (J.R.R.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Julius Hreinsson
- Minerva Fertility Clinic, Kålsängsgränd 10 d, 753 19 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Kjell Wånggren
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.K.K.); (L.J.); (K.W.); (A.S.-E.)
| | - Anneli Stavreus-Evers
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.K.K.); (L.J.); (K.W.); (A.S.-E.)
| | - Ruth Kalda
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (S.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia;
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Teaduspargi 13, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Teaduspargi 13, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Danielewicz A, Morze J, Przybyłowicz M, Przybyłowicz KE. Association of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Physical Activity, and Their Combination with Semen Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010039. [PMID: 31877862 PMCID: PMC7019803 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of individual lifestyle factors is widely described in studies on semen quality. However, their synergistic effect is often neglected. The aim of the study was to examine the association between semen quality and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, physical activity (PA), and the two separately and in combination. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 207 men aged 20–55. Dietary data were collected by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and analysed according to the DASH scoring index. Physical activity was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Semen parameters were assessed via the computer-aided semen analysis (CASA). Adherence to the DASH diet was associated with higher sperm count (ΔT3-T1 = 82.1 mln/ej) and concentration (ΔT3-T1 = 24.6 mln/mL). Higher PA was related to higher sperm count (ΔT3-T1 = 69.4 mln/ej), total (ΔT3-T1 = 11.9%), and progressive motility (ΔT3-T1 = 8.5%) and morphology (ΔT3-T1 = 2.8%) in the crude model and remained significant after adjustment. The combination of the DASH diet and PA, was significantly positively associated with sperm count (ΔT3-T1 = 98.1 mln/ej), sperm concentration (ΔT3-T1 = 17.5 mln/mL), total (ΔT3-T1 = 11.8%), and progressive motility (ΔT3-T1 = 10.0%) and morphology (ΔT3-T1 = 3.3%) in both models. Adherence to the DASH diet was related to higher sperm count and concentration, whereas after its combination with physical activity it was also positively correlated with sperm motility and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danielewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.M.); (K.E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-524-55-12
| | - Jakub Morze
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.M.); (K.E.P.)
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, al. Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Przybyłowicz
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, ul. Żołnierska 18, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Center of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine Artemida in Olsztyn; ul. Jagiellońska 78, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Eufemia Przybyłowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.M.); (K.E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|