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Hu S, Su C, Zhou L, Dai L. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scale-Short Form for infertile women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:1261-1267. [PMID: 38205844 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To translate and culturally adapt the COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scale-Short form (COMPI-FPSS-SF) and to test its reliability and validity in China. METHODS The cross-sectional study adopted Brislin's translation model to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross-culturally adapt the COMPI-FPSS-SF for the Chinese setting. A total of 279 infertile women were invited to participate in the study to test the reliability and validity of the scale between March and June 2021. RESULTS It was verified that the Chinese version of the COMPI-FPSS-SF has three domains with nine items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.907, and the coefficient for each dimension ranged from 0.760 to 0.855. The test-retest validity was 0.891. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors with eigenvalues of 4.499, 1.124, and 1.011 and a cumulative variance contribution of 73.706. The validity factor analysis showed good results for the three-factor structure fit. The criterion-related validity with the Fertility Inventory Short-Form Scale was 0.649. The above analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the COMPI-FPSS-SF can be used for the assessment of fertility-related stress in infertility patients in China with good reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengying Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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Walker Z, Ernandez J, Lanes A, Srouji SS, Ginsburg E, Kathrins M. The effects of male anxiety and depression on IVF outcomes. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2119-2127. [PMID: 37690112 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the effects of male anxiety and depression on IVF outcomes? SUMMARY ANSWER Men with anxiety had lower final total motile sperm counts (fTMSC) during IVF compared to men without anxiety; however, there were no differences in live birth rates (LBRs). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies have shown that male anxiety causes low sperm motility, worse sperm morphology, and increased DNA fragmentation, which are known to be influential factors on fertilization rates and embryo quality during IVF. However, data are lacking on whether there is a direct association between male anxiety and/or depression and IVF outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a survey-based, retrospective cohort study completed at a single, large hospital-affiliated fertility center with 222 respondents who underwent IVF with or without ICSI. The study was conducted between 6 September 2018 and 27 December 2022. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Male partners of couples who underwent IVF or IVF/ICSI completed a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. They were separated into two groups for both anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 8 or HADS-A < 8) and depression (HADS-D ≥ 8 or HADS-D < 8). Men with an elevated HADS-A or HADS-D score ≥8 were considered to have anxiety or depression, respectively. The primary outcome was LBR. Secondary outcomes included semen parameters at the time of IVF, cycle outcomes, pregnancy outcomes, and prevalence of erectile dysfunction and low libido. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There were a total of 222 respondents, of whom 22.5% had a HADS-A ≥ 8 and 6.5% had a HADS-D ≥ 8. The average age of respondents was 37.38 ± 4.90 years old. Antidepressant use was higher in the respondents with a HADS-A or HADS-D ≥ 8 (P < 0.05). Smoking use was similar between groups for both HADS-A and HADS-D (P > 0.05). When adjusted for male BMI, antidepressant use and smoking, men with a HADS-A or HADS-D ≥ 8 had similar rates of erectile dysfunction (adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 1.12 (95% CI 0.60, 2.06)) and low libido (aRR = 1.70 (95% CI 0.91, 3.15)) compared to those with a HADS-A or HADS-D ≤ 8. Men with a HADS-A ≥ 8 were more likely to have a lower fTMSC on the day of oocyte retrieval (11.8 ≥ 8 vs 20.1 < 8, adjusted ß = -0.66 (95% CI -1.22, -0.10)). However, the LBR per embryo transfer (ET) was similar between the HADS-A groups (43.2% ≥8 vs 45.1% <8, adjusted relative risk = 0.90 (95% CI 0.65, 1.06)). Although depression was uncommon in the entire cohort, the HADS-D groups were clinically similar for fTMSC (18.7 ≥ 8 vs 16.0 < 8) and LBR per ET (46.7% ≥8 vs 45.4% <8). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Limitations of our study are the survey-based design, the lack of sperm morphology assessment at the time of IVF, our inability to fully assess the HADS-D ≥ 8 cohort due to the small sample size and the large Caucasian demographic. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Couples undergoing IVF have an increased likelihood of suffering from anxiety and/or depression. There is currently a debate on whether or not men should be treated with antidepressants while attempting to conceive due to potential detrimental effects on sperm quality. Our study shows that, regardless of antidepressant use, couples with men who did or did not report anxiety and/or depression have similar LBRs when undergoing IVF. Therefore, it is important to assess both partners for mental health and to not withhold treatment due to a concern about a potential impact of antidepressants or anxiety/depression on sperm quality. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) There was no funding to report for this study. Z.W. is a contributing author for UptoDate. S.S.S. is on the advisory board for Ferring Pharmaceuticals. E.G. was a medical consultant for Hall-Matson Esq, Teladoc, and CRICO and is a contributing author for UptoDate. The remaining authors have nothing to report. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Ernandez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Urology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Lanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serene S Srouji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ginsburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Kathrins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Urology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Sousa E, Nery SF, Casalechi M, Thimóteo LC, Paiva SP, Silva-Filho AL, Reis FM. Characteristics, prevalence and sources of stress in individuals who discontinue assisted reproductive technology treatments: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:819-825. [PMID: 36907754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
By considering the reasons behind discontinuing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment, several studies have indicated that 'stress' is an important issue, but the prevalence of stressors and stress responses, either acute or chronic, remains unclear. In this systematic review, we evaluated the characteristics, prevalence and causes of what was perceived and reported as 'stress' by couples who discontinued ART treatment. Electronic databases were systematically searched, and studies were considered eligible if they evaluated stress as a possible reason for ART discontinuation. Twelve studies were included, with 15,264 participants from eight countries. In all studies, 'stress' was assessed through generic questionnaires or medical records, not by validated stress questionnaires or biomarkers. The prevalence of 'stress' ranged from 11-53%. When the results were pooled, 'stress' was cited as a reason for ART discontinuation by 775 out of 2507 participants (30.9%). Clinical factors associated with worse prognosis, physical discomfort due to treatment procedures, family demands, time pressure and economic burden were identified as sources of 'stress' that contributed to ART discontinuation. Precisely knowing the characteristics of the stress associated with infertility is essential to devise preventive or supportive interventions to help patients to cope and endure the treatments. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether the mitigation of stress factors can reduce ART discontinuation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Sousa
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone F Nery
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maíra Casalechi
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Thimóteo
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sara Pc Paiva
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo L Silva-Filho
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 110, 9˚ Andar, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Wei L, Ying X, Zhai M, Li J, Liu D, Liu X, Yu B, Yan H. The association between peritraumatic distress, perceived stress, depression in pregnancy, and NR3C1 DNA methylation among Chinese pregnant women who experienced COVID-19 lockdown. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966522. [PMID: 36091061 PMCID: PMC9453447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress can affect pregnant women in an epigenetic way during the critical period of conception of their offspring. The study aims to investigate the relationship between peritraumatic distress, prenatal perceived stress, depression, and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) DNA methylation among pregnant women who experienced COVID-19 lockdown in China. Study data were collected from 30 pregnant women in Wuhan and Huanggang, China. The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory was used to measure peritraumatic distress, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms, and the Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure perceived stress. DNA methylation in the exon 1F promoter region of NR3C1 gene from the venous blood mononuclear cell genome was characterized by bisulfite sequencing. Correlation and linear regression were used for data analysis. The mean level of peritraumatic distress, perceived stress, and depression was 6.30 (SD = 5.09), 6.50 (SD = 5.41), and 6.60 (SD = 4.85), respectively, with 23.33% of pregnant women being depressed. The mean NR3C1 methylation was 0.65 (SD = 0.22). Prenatal depression was positively correlated with the degree of methylation in venous blood from the mother (r = 0.59, p = 0.001), and depression predicted methylation of NR3C1 gene at the CpG 8 site (β = 0.05, p = 0.03). No association was found between peritraumatic distress as well as perceived stress and methylation of NR3C1. NR3C1 gene was susceptible to epigenetic modification of DNA methylation in the context of prenatal stress, and maternal depression was associated with increased NR3C1 methylation among women who experienced COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ying
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxi Zhai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Huri M, Noferi V, Renda I, Piazzini F, Benemei S, Coccia ME. The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on the Outcome of Medically Assisted Reproduction Pregnancies. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:860425. [PMID: 36303677 PMCID: PMC9580677 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.860425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pregnancy is not well-understood. During the outbreak, the initial approach suggested by the major societies was to postpone all non-urgent assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments. Nevertheless, the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine considered ethically correct to proceed with ART treatments, as the infertility rate is increasing over time, with a consistent decline in the live birth rate. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the outcomes of ART pregnancies, in terms of early pregnancy loss, overall success rate, and live birth rate. Methods We conducted a single-center retro-prospective cohort study. Patients who underwent ART treatments from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 (pandemic ART cohort, pART; n = 749) and from 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 (control cohort, CTR; n = 844) were enrolled. The study had a duration of 24 months. Patients underwent baseline severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) nasopharyngeal swab; quantitative serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) to assess pregnancy; pelvic transvaginal ultrasound; and follow-up until delivery. The study took place at the ART Center of the University Hospital in Florence, Italy. Results There were not statistically significant differences on implantation rate (pART 0.348 ± 0.034 vs. CTR 0.365 ± 0.033, CI = 95%, p = 0.49), clinical pregnancy rate (pART 0.847 ± 0.044 vs. CTR 0.864 ± 0.038, CI = 95%, p = 0.56), and ectopic pregnancy rate (pART 0.008 ± 0.011 vs. CTR 0.01 ± 0.011, CI = 95%, p = 0.79). Neither first trimester miscarriage rate was different between the groups (pART 0.224 ± 0.056 vs. CTR 0.213 ± 0.05, CI = 95%, p = 0.77) nor second trimester miscarriage rate (pART 0.018 ± 0.018 vs. CTR 0.019 ± 0.017, CI = 95%, p = 0.95). Live birth rate remained unchanged during the pandemic (pART 0.22 ± 0.03 vs. CTR 0.239 ± 0.029, CI = 95%, p = 0.37) and stable even when compared to our center rate between 2015 and 2019 (pART 0.222 ± 0.03 vs. general rate 0.224 ± 0.014, CI = 95%, p = 0.83). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic did not cause a statistically significant change in the live birth rate and in the pregnancy loss rate. ART during the COVID-19 pandemic can be considered fair and safe, ethically and medically appropriate. Patients and physicians should be reassured that ART pregnancy outcomes do not seem to be jeopardized by the pandemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Huri
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mor Huri
| | - Virginia Noferi
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Renda
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Piazzini
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Benemei
- Clinical Trial Unit for Phase 1 Trials, Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coccia
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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COVID-19 pandemic effect on early pregnancy: are miscarriage rates altered, in asymptomatic women? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:839-845. [PMID: 33169234 PMCID: PMC7652042 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic state on early, first-trimester pregnancies. METHODS A retrospective cohort study conducted at a university-affiliated fertility center in Montreal, Quebec, since the COVID-19 shut down, March 13 until May 6, 2020. Included: all women who came for a first-trimester viability scan during the study period (Study group) and between March 1, 2019 and May 17, 2019, approximately one year prior (Control). The study population denied symptoms of COVID-19. We reviewed all first trimester scans. Early first-trimester pregnancy outcomes (Viable pregnancy, arrested pregnancy including biochemical pregnancy loss and miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy) were measured as total number and percentage. A multivariate analysis was performed to control for other potentially significant variables, as was a power analysis supporting sample size. RESULTS 113 women came for a first-trimester viability scan in the study period, and 172 in the control period (5-11 weeks gestational age), mean maternal age 36.5 ± 4.5 and 37.2 ± 5.4 years (p = 0.28). Viable clinical pregnancy rate was not different between the two groups (76.1 vs. 80.2% in the pandemic and pre-pandemic groups p = 0.41). No significant difference was seen in the total number of arrested pregnancies (defined as the sum of biochemical, 1st trimester miscarriages, and blighted ova) (22.1 vs. 16.9% p = 0.32), or in each type of miscarriage. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic environment does not seem to affect early first-trimester miscarriage rates in asymptomatic patients.
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Mayeur A, Binois O, Gallot V, Hesters L, Benoit A, Oppenheimer A, Presse M, Zeghari F, BenguigUi J, Grynberg M, Frydman N, Sonigo C. First follow-up of art pregnancies in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 253:71-75. [PMID: 32805629 PMCID: PMC7836367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to follow up the monitoring, health and anxiety from women who became pregnant after an embryo transfer or a intrauterine insemination during the COVID-19 epidemic in France Study Design This is a single centre, retrospective study from December 2019 to March 2020 based on a phone call interview using a specific questionnaire sheet specially developed for this study. Questionnaires from 104 pregnant women were completed and descriptive data are then analyzed. Results Women with ongoing pregnancies (n = 88) did not change their physician visits. The COVID-19 outbreak has created no or few additional stresses for 77 % of pregnant women since the lockdown started. We report a miscarriage rate of 14.4 % (n = 15) and documented 10 patients (11.3 %) who had symptoms related to COVID-19. No severe symptoms and no hospitalization in intensive care unit were identified. Conclusion The epidemic context did not disrupt the medical monitoring of pregnancies and we did not recover an increased rate of miscarriage after ART. None of the patients who had COVID-related symptoms presented with severe clinical manifestations. Surprisingly, pregnant women were psychologically able to experience the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mayeur
- Reproductive Biology Unit CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France.
| | - Olivier Binois
- Reproductive Biology Unit CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Vanessa Gallot
- Reproductive Biology Unit CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France; Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Laetitia Hesters
- Reproductive Biology Unit CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Alexandra Benoit
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Anne Oppenheimer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Marion Presse
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Faycal Zeghari
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Jonas BenguigUi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Michael Grynberg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Nelly Frydman
- Reproductive Biology Unit CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Charlotte Sonigo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart 92140, France
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