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Melekhin M, Potekhin A, Gentekaki E, Chantangsi C. Paramecium (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) diversity in Thailand sheds light on the genus biogeography and reveals new phylogenetic lineages. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13004. [PMID: 37849422 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) is a good model to study ciliate biogeography. Extensive sampling mainly in northern hemisphere has led to 16 valid morphological species description thus far. However, a majority of hard-to-reach regions, including South East Asia, are underinvestigated. Our study combined traditional morphological and molecular approaches to reveal the biodiversity of Paramecium in Thailand from more than 110 samples collected in 10 provinces. Representatives of seven morphological species were identified from our collection, including the rare species, such as P. gigas and P. jenningsi. Additionally, we detected five different sibling species of the P. aurelia complex, described a new cryptic species P. hiwatashii n. sp. phylogenetically related to P. caudatum, and discovered a potentially new genetic species of the P. bursaria species complex. We also documented a variety of bacterial cytoplasmic symbionts from at least nine monoclonal cultures of Paramecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Melekhin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Potekhin
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chitchai Chantangsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Melekhin M, Yakovleva Y, Lebedeva N, Nekrasova I, Nikitashina L, Castelli M, Mayén-Estrada R, Romanovich AE, Petroni G, Potekhin A. Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050974. [PMID: 35630417 PMCID: PMC9143557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramecium (Ciliophora) systematics is well studied, and about twenty morphological species have been described. The morphological species may include several genetic species. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species diversity within Paramecium could be even higher and has raised a problem of cryptic species whose statuses remain uncertain. In the present study, we provide the morphological and molecular characterization of two novel Paramecium species. While Paramecium lynni n. sp., although morphologically similar to P. multimicronucleatum, is phylogenetically well separated from all other Paramecium species, Paramecium fokini n. sp. appears to be a cryptic sister species to P. multimicronucleatum. The latter two species can be distinguished only by molecular methods. The number and structure of micronuclei, traditionally utilized to discriminate species in Paramecium, vary not only between but also within each of the three studied species and, thus, cannot be considered a reliable feature for species identification. The geographic distribution of the P. multimicronucleatum and P. fokini n. sp. strains do not show defined patterns, still leaving space for a role of the geographic factor in initial speciation in Paramecium. Future findings of new Paramecium species can be predicted from the molecular data, while morphological characteristics appear to be unstable and overlapping at least in some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Melekhin
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Yakovleva
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Lebedeva
- Centre for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Nekrasova
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liubov Nikitashina
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michele Castelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosaura Mayén-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Protozoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Ext. s/núm. Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Anna E Romanovich
- Center for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Giulio Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexey Potekhin
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Paramecium bursaria—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA COI Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ciliates are a diverse protistan group and many consist of cryptic species complexes whose members may be restricted to particular biogeographic locations. Mitochondrial genes, characterized by a high resolution for closely related species, were applied to identify new species and to distinguish closely related morphospecies. In the current study, we analyzed 132 sequences of COI mtDNA fragments obtained from P. bursaria species collected worldwide. The results allowed, for the first time, to generate a network of COI haplotypes and demonstrate the relationships between P. bursaria strains, as well as to confirm the existence of five reproductively isolated haplogroups. The P. bursaria haplogroups identified in the present study correspond to previously reported syngens (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5), thus we decided to propose the following binominal names for each of them: P. primabursaria, P. bibursaria, P. tribursaria, P. tetrabursaria, and P. pentabursaria, respectively. The phylogeographic distribution of P. bursaria species showed that P. primabursaria and P. bibursaria were strictly Eurasian, except for two South Australian P. bibursaria strains. P. tribursaria was found mainly in Eastern Asia, in two stands in Europe and in North America. In turn, P. tetrabursaria was restricted to the USA territory, whereas P. pentabursaria was found in two European localities.
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Paramecium Diversity and a New Member of the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex Described from Mexico. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paramecium (Ciliophora) is an ideal model organism to study the biogeography of protists. However, many regions of the world, such as Central America, are still neglected in understanding Paramecium diversity. We combined morphological and molecular approaches to identify paramecia isolated from more than 130 samples collected from different waterbodies in several states of Mexico. We found representatives of six Paramecium morphospecies, including the rare species Paramecium jenningsi, and Paramecium putrinum, which is the first report of this species in tropical regions. We also retrieved five species of the Paramecium aurelia complex, and describe one new member of the complex, Paramecium quindecaurelia n. sp., which appears to be a sister species of Paramecium biaurelia. We discuss criteria currently applied for differentiating between sibling species in Paramecium. Additionally, we detected diverse bacterial symbionts in some of the collected ciliates.
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PrzyboŚ E, Tarcz S. Global molecular variation of Paramecium jenningsi complex (Ciliophora, Protista): a starting point for further, detailed biogeography surveys. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1643424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa PrzyboŚ
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Tarcz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-016, Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland
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Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Further consideration on the phylogeny of the Ciliophora: Analyses using both mitochondrial and nuclear data with focus on the extremely confused class Phyllopharyngea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 112:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Przyboś E, Tarcz S. Paramecium jenningsicomplex: existence of three cryptic species confirmed by multi-locus analysis and strain crosses. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2015.1134701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lynn DH, Gómez-Gutiérrez J, Strüder-Kypke MC, Shaw CT. Ciliate species diversity and host-parasitoid codiversification in Pseudocollinia infecting krill, with description of Pseudocollinia similis sp. nov. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 112:89-102. [PMID: 25449320 DOI: 10.3354/dao02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
All parasitoid apostome ciliates infecting krill in the northeastern Pacific are currently assigned to the genus Pseudocollinia. Each krill specimen is apparently infected by only 1 Pseudocollinia species. We describe Pseudocollinia similis sp. nov., discovered infecting the krill Thysanoessa spinifera off Oregon, USA. Its protomite-tomite stage resembles that of P. beringensis, which infects T. inermis (type host species), T. longipes, and T. raschii females in the Bering Sea. These ciliates have similar numbers of somatic kineties (18-21 vs. 16-20) and typically have 3 oral kineties. Furthermore, these 2 apostomes are sister species on gene trees based on sequences of small subunit rRNA (0.06% difference) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1; 30% difference). P. brintoni and P. oregonensis are closely related as a separate group from P. similis and P. beringensis. The similar tree topologies based on the cox1 sequences of 21 host krill individuals representing 6 krill species (Euphausia pacifica, Nyctiphanes simplex, T. inermis, T. longipes, T. raschii, and T. spinifera) and the apostomes isolated from these krill suggest host-parasitoid codiversification. However, this hypothesis was statistically rejected by an approximately unbiased test in which the host tree topology was used to model parasitoid evolution (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lynn
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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The first European stand of Paramecium sonneborni (P. aurelia complex), a species known only from North America (Texas, USA). Eur J Protistol 2014; 50:236-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tarcz S, Rautian M, Potekhin A, Sawka N, Beliavskaya A, Kiselev A, Nekrasova I, Przyboś E. Paramecium putrinum (Ciliophora, Protozoa): The first insight into the variation of two DNA fragments – Molecular support for the existence of cryptic species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Przyboś E, Tarcz S. Three-locus analysis in conjunction with strain crosses confirms the existence of reproductively isolated populations inParamecium jenningsi. SYST BIODIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2013.865680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tarcz S, Przyboś E, Surmacz M. An assessment of haplotype variation in ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA fragments suggests incomplete lineage sorting in some species of the Paramecium aurelia complex (Ciliophora, Protozoa). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 67:255-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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