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Sisay M, Bussa N, Gashaw T, Mengistu G. Investigating In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Having Folkloric Repute in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 24:2515690X19886276. [PMID: 31707813 PMCID: PMC6851602 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x19886276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are targeted in the search for new antimicrobial agents. Nowadays, there is an alarmingly increasing antimicrobial resistance to available agents with a very slow development of new antimicrobials. It is, therefore, necessary to extensively search for new agents based on the traditional use of herbal medicines as potential source. The antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Verbena officinalis (Vo-80ME), Myrtus communis (Mc-80ME), and Melilotus elegans (Me-80ME) was tested against 6 bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion technique. In each extract, 3 concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/well were tested for each bacterium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Vo-80ME and Mc-80ME exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the highest zone of inhibition being 18.67 and 26.16 mm, respectively at concentration of 40 mg/well. Regarding gram-negative bacteria, Vo-80ME exhibited an appreciable activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Mc-80ME displayed remarkable activity against all isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the maximum zone of inhibition being 22.83 mm. Me-80ME exhibited better antibacterial activity against E coli, but its secondary metabolites had little or no activity against other gram-negative isolates. The MIC values of Vo-80ME ranged from 0.16 to 4.00 mg/mL. The lowest MIC was observed in Mc-80ME, with the value being 0.032 mg/mL. Mc-80ME had bactericidal activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Mc-80ME showed remarkable zone of inhibitions in all tested bacterial isolates. Besides, Vo-80ME showed good antibacterial activity against S aureus, E coli, and S typhi. Conversely, Me-80ME has shown good activity against E coli only. Generally, M communis L and V officinalis have good MIC and MBC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Sisay
- School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Bussa
- Food Science and Post-harvest Technology, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa,
Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Gashaw
- School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Mengistu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Liu MW, Su MX, Zhang W, Wang YH, Qin LF, Liu X, Tian ML, Qian CY. Effect of Melilotus suaveolens extract on pulmonary microvascular permeability by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats with sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3308-16. [PMID: 25571852 PMCID: PMC4368078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical indicator of sepsis is the development of progressive subcutaneous and body-cavity edema, which is caused by the breakdown of endothelial barrier function, leading to a marked increase in vascular permeability. Microvascular leakage predisposes to microvascular thrombosis, breakdown of microcirculatory flow and organ failure, which are common events preceding mortality in patients with severe sepsis. Melilotus suaveolens (M. suaveolens) is a Traditional Tibetan Medicine. Previous pharmacological studies have demonstrated that an ethanolic extract of M. suaveolens has powerful anti-inflammatory activity and leads to an improvement in capillary permeability. However, the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological activity remain elusive. The present study aimed to assess the impact of M. suaveolens extract tablets on pulmonary vascular permeability, and their effect on regulating lung inflammation and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the lung tissue of rats with sepsis. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model was established for both the control and treatment groups. ~2 h prior to surgery, 25 mg/kg of M. suaveolens extract tablet was administered to the treatment group. Polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to assess the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and VEGF in the lung tissue, and ELISA was applied to detect changes in serum tumor necrosis factor-α as well as interleukins (IL) -1, -4, -6, and -10. The lung permeability, wet/dry weight ratio and lung pathology were determined. The results demonstrated that in the lung tissue of CLP-rats with sepsis, M. suaveolens extract inhibited the expression of NF-κB, reduced the inflammatory response and blocked the expression of VEGF, and thus significantly decreased lung microvascular permeability. The effects of M. Suaveolens extract may be of potential use in the treatment of CLP-mediated lung microvascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Xian Su
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yun Hui Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Fang Qin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Li Tian
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yun Qian
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Liu MW, Su MX, Wang YH, Wei W, Qin LF, Liu X, Tian ML, Qian CY. Effect of melilotus extract on lung injury by upregulating the expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in septic rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:94. [PMID: 24612782 PMCID: PMC3995869 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background M. Suaveolens Ledeb has long been used in China to treat inflammatory infectious diseases. Melilotus is extracted from Melilotus Suaveolens Ledeb and its therapeutic potential is associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of melilotus extract in a rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced animal model of acute lung injury (ALI). Methods A sepsis model was induced by CLP-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to CLP administration, the treatment group was administered melilotus extract via oral injection. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to test the expression of cannabinoid receptor (CB)2, NF-κβ and IκB from single peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lung tissues respectively. Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-12. The numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted. For histologic analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains were evaluated. Results After inducing ALI by CLP for 24 hours, melilotus extract up-regulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell CB2 expression, blocked the activity of NF-κβ65, and the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cells were significantly lower in the melilotus extract group than the control group. In addition, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the melilotus extract group. Histological results demonstrated the attenuation effect of melilotus extract on CLP-induced lung inflammation. CB2 was negatively correlated to NF-κβ mRNA and proteins, respectively (r = -0.377, P < 0.05; r = -0.441, P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicated melilotus extract significantly reduced CLP-induced lung inflammation by up-regulating CB2 expression. The remarkable protective effects of melilotus extract suggest its therapeutic potential in CLP induced-acute lung injury treatment.
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Flavonoids as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Perspectives in the Development of Pharmaceutical Forms. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53836-9.00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Regasini LO, Vellosa JCR, Silva DHS, Furlan M, de Oliveira OMM, Khalil NM, Brunetti IL, Young MCM, Barreiro EJ, Bolzani VS. Flavonols from Pterogyne nitens and their evaluation as myeloperoxidase inhibitors. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1739-1744. [PMID: 18395762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A myeloperoxidase inhibitory kaempferol derivative, namely pterogynoside (1), was isolated from fruits of Pterogyne nitens, along with six known flavonols, kaempferol, afzelin, kaempferitrin, quercetin, isoquercetrin and rutin. The structures of all compounds were elucidated primarily from 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as by high resolution mass spectrometry. All flavonols were screened to identify secondary metabolites as potential myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors, and at concentrations of 0.50-50nM, quercetin (5), isoquercitrin (6) and rutin (7) exhibited strong inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 1.22+/-0.01, 3.75+/-0.02 and 3.60+/-0.02, respectively. The MPO activity detected for the new derivative 1 was markedly decreased (IC(50) 10.3+/-0.03) when compared with known flavonols 5-7, and interestingly increased when tested against ABTS scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Octávio Regasini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, NuBBE - Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais, Araraquara, SP, CP 355, CEP 14801-970, Brazil
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Susanti D, Sirat HM, Ahmad F, Ali RM, Aimi N, Kitajima M. Antioxidant and cytotoxic flavonoids from the flowers of Melastoma malabathricum L. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ho JC, Chen CM, Row LC. Flavonoids and benzene derivatives from the flowers and fruit of Tetrapanax papyriferus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:1773-5. [PMID: 16378372 DOI: 10.1021/np050185t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, kaempferol 7-O-(2-E-p-coumaroyl-alpha-l-rhamnoside) (1) and kaempferol 7-O-(2,3-di-E-p-coumaroyl-alpha-l-rhamnoside) (2), together with 10 known compounds were isolated from the flowers and fruit of Tetrapanax papyriferus. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay with LC(50) values of 0.57 and 0.40 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiau-Ching Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Ta Hwa Institute of Technology, Chung-Lin, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China 30703
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