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Shelke R, Velagacherla V, Nayak UY. Recent advances in dual-drug co-amorphous systems. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103863. [PMID: 38141778 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Poor solubility of drugs and therapeutic candidates poses a significant challenge in drug research and development. Biopharmaceutical class II drugs exhibit limited absorption because of their weak solubility and high permeability. Co-amorphous systems (CAMs) have been studied widely as a way to improve the solubility of drugs. This review summarizes recent advancements in dual-drug CAMs, including improvements in formulation, manufacturing, and solid-state characterization, and highlights the importance of enhancing solubility and stability. It emphasizes the potential synergistic effects of two drugs in CAMs and explores formulation strategies and challenges related to maintaining the amorphous state. Case studies demonstrate the successful application of CAMs in combination therapies that offer improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Varalakshmi Velagacherla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Wang H, Zhao P, Ma R, Jia J, Fu Q. Drug-drug co-amorphous systems: An emerging formulation strategy for poorly water-soluble drugs. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103883. [PMID: 38219970 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming the poor water solubility of small-molecule drugs is a major challenge in the development of clinical pharmaceuticals. Amorphization of crystalline drugs is a highly effective strategy to improve their aqueous solubility. However, amorphous drugs are thermodynamically unstable and likely to crystallize during manufacturing and storage. Recently, drug-drug co-amorphous systems have emerged as a novel strategy to not only enable enhanced dissolution and physical stability of the individual drugs within the system but also to provide a strategy for combination therapy of the same or different clinical indications. This review serves to highlight advances in the methods used to manufacture and characterize drug-drug co-amorphous systems, summarize drug-drug co-amorphous applications reported in recent decades, and provide an outlook on future possibilities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruilong Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jirun Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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3
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Solventless amorphization and pelletization using a high shear granulator. Part II; Preparation of co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets using indomethacin and arginine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:183-194. [PMID: 36400253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation of co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets using solventless pelletization and amorphization using a high shear granulator (as suggested in the first part of this study) by high shear mixing of drug crystals and a crystalline co-former with inactive spheres. Mixtures of crystalline indomethacin and arginine at various molar ratios were mixed with microcrystalline cellulose spheres at a weight ratio of 1:10 using the granulator and the resulting particles were characterized using solid-state and particle analytical techniques as well as dissolution testing and physical stability. At jacket temperatures of 20 °C or more of the granulator, co-processing of indomethacin and arginine enhanced amorphization of indomethacin and provided a co-amorphous mixture due to homogenous mixing of indomethacin and arginine amorphous phases. The co-amorphous mixture was deposited on the surface of the spheres, yielding co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets. The co-amorphous mixtures at molar ratios of indomethacin to arginine of 2:1 and 1:1, deposited on the pellets, did not recrystallize for at least 4 weeks. The pellets exhibited higher dissolution characteristics as additional hypromellose could prevent precipitation. These findings demonstrate the potential of this technique as a solventless approach to prepare co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets through a one-step process.
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Chen X, Li D, Zhang H, Duan Y, Huang Y. Co-amorphous Systems of Sinomenine with Platensimycin or Sulfasalazine: Physical Stability and Excipient-Adjusted Release Behavior. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4370-4381. [PMID: 36251509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is strong interest to develop affordable treatments for the infection-associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we present a drug-drug co-amorphous strategy against RA and the associated bacterial infection by the preparation and characterization of two co-amorphous systems of sinomenine (SIN) with platensimycin (PTM) or sulfasalazine (SULF), two potent antibiotics. Both of them were comprehensively characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The co-amorphous forms of SIN-PTM and SIN-SULF exhibited high Tgs at 139.10 ± 1.0 and 153.3 ± 0.2 °C, respectively. After 6 months of accelerated tests and 1 month of drug-excipient compatibility experiments, two co-amorphous systems displayed satisfactory physical stability. The formation of salt and strong intermolecular interactions between SIN and PTM or SULF, as well as the decreased molecular mobility in co-amorphous systems, may be the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the excellent physical stability of both co-amorphous systems. In dissolution tests, two co-amorphous systems displayed distinct reduced SIN-accumulative releases (below 20% after 6 h of release experiments), which may lead to its poor therapeutic effect. Hence, we demonstrated a controlled release strategy for SIN by the addition of a small percentage of polymers and a small-molecule surfactant to these two co-amorphous samples as convenient drug excipients, which may also be used to improve the unsatisfactory dissolution behaviors of the previously reported SIN co-amorphous systems. Several hydrogen bonding interactions between SIN and PTM or SULF could be identified in NMR experiments in DMSO-d6, which may be underlying reasons of decreased dissolution behaviors of both co-amorphous forms. These drug-drug co-amorphous systems could be a potential strategy for the treatment of infection-associated RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, PR China
| | - Duanxiu Li
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, PR China.,Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Foshan528200, PR China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, PR China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, PR China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha410011, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan410011, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan410011, PR China
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Chen X, Li D, Zhang H, Duan Y, Huang Y. Co-amorphous systems of sinomenine with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A strategy for solubility improvement, sustained release, and drug combination therapy against rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120894. [PMID: 34280485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disorder that affects about 1% of the world population and may lead to severe disability and comorbidity. Despite breakthroughs in past decades to understand its pathogenesis and the development of transforming disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, the symptoms of many patients are not substantially improved. Sinomenine (SIN), a natural alkaloid with poor solubility, has been used to treat RA in China for years because of its unique immunoregulative activity. However, its commercial hydrochloride form has a short half-time, which may cause huge fluctuations of blood drug concentration leading to severe adverse reactions. In this study, co-amorphous systems of SIN with three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including indomethacin, naproxen, and sulindac, were prepared for the combination therapy, as well as the improvement of its aqueous solubility and controlled release. Each co-amorphous sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The CO2- and N+H stretching vibration in the three co-amorphous samples appears in FTIR spectra, suggesting the formation of salts between SIN and NSAIDs. SIN also exhibits sustained release rates in all three co-amorphous samples. These co-amorphous systems show excellent physicochemical stability because no recrystallization was observed at 25 °C and 75% relative humidity (RH) after four months. Our study suggests that SIN-NSAIDs co-amorphous systems represent an affordable and promising treatment against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Duanxiu Li
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong (Foshan) Branch, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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Wang B, Liu F, Xiang J, He Y, Zhang Z, Cheng Z, Liu W, Tan S. A critical review of spray-dried amorphous pharmaceuticals: Synthesis, analysis and application. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120165. [PMID: 33309835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New drugs are frequently found with poor water-solubility in recent pharmaceutical projects, which brings difficulties of bioavailability for the clinical development of new drugs. When these drug compounds in a crystalline state are absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, their dissolution rates and absorption rates are very limited. Nowadays, various methods have been developed to improve the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of drugs. According to the characteristics of drugs, this work suggests the use of spray drying technology to amorphize APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) to improve their bioavailability. This work reviews the properties of the spray-dried amorphous drugs, the progress made in drug synthesis and application, and the existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yongju He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Dawning Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213162, China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Wang S, Heng W, Wang X, He X, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Coamorphization combined with complexation enhances dissolution of lurasidone hydrochloride and puerarin with synchronized release. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Han J, Wei Y, Lu Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Co-amorphous systems for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs: recent advances and an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1411-1435. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1796631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Su M, Xia Y, Shen Y, Heng W, Wei Y, Zhang L, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qian S. A novel drug–drug coamorphous system without molecular interactions: improve the physicochemical properties of tadalafil and repaglinide. RSC Adv 2020; 10:565-583. [PMID: 35492562 PMCID: PMC9048229 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tadalafil and repaglinide, categorized as BCS class II drugs, have low oral bioavailabilities due to their poorly aqueous solubilities and dissolutions. The aim of this study was to enhance the dissolution of tadalafil and repaglinide by co-amorphization technology and evaluate the storage and compression stability of such coamorphous system. Based on Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ ≤ 0) and Hansen solubility parameter (δt ≤ 7 MPa0.5) calculations, tadalafil and repaglinide was predicted to be well miscible with each other. Coamorphous tadalafil–repaglinide (molar ratio, 1 : 1) was prepared by solvent-evaporation method and characterized with respect to its thermal properties, possible molecular interactions. A single Tg (73.1 °C) observed in DSC and disappearance of crystallinity in PXRD indicated the formation of coamorphous system. Principal component analysis of FTIR in combination with Raman spectroscopy and Ss 13C NMR suggested the absence of intermolecular interactions in coamorphous tadalafil–repaglinide. In comparison to pure crystalline forms and their physical mixtures, both drugs in coamorphous system exhibited significant increases in intrinsic dissolution rate (1.5–3-fold) and could maintain supersaturated level for at least 4 hours in non-sink dissolution. In addition, the coamorphous tadalafil–repaglinide showed improved stability compared to the pure amorphous forms under long-term stability and accelerated storage conditions as well as under high compressing pressure. In conclusion, this study showed that co-amorphization technique is a promising approach for improving the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs and for stabilizing amorphous drugs. The coamorphous tadalafil–repaglinide (molar ratio, 1 : 1) prepared by solvent-evaporation method significantly improve the physicochemical properties of tadalafil and repaglinide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Su
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yanming Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yajing Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Linghe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Smith College
- Northampton
- USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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Lu W, Rades T, Rantanen J, Chan HK, Yang M. Amino acids as stabilizers for spray-dried simvastatin powder for inhalation. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118724. [PMID: 31678523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amino acids as excipients is a promising approach to improve the physical stability and powder dispersibility of spray-dried powders for inhalation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the stabilizing effect of different amino acids on spray-dried amorphous powders for inhalation using simvastatin (SV) as a model compound. METHODS Two hydrophobic amino acids (leucine, LEU and tryptophan, TRP), and one hydrophilic amino acid (lysine, LYS) were spray dried from 1% (w/v) solutions with SV at a molar ratio of 1:1 into dry powders for inhalation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to characterize the morphology, solid form and potential intermolecular interactions of the spray-dried powders. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyse the chemical composition of the surface of the particles. The physical stability of the dry powders was examined upon storage in controlled conditions. A Next generation impactor (NGI) was applied to assess the in vitro aerosol performance of the powders. RESULTS XRPD and DSC results confirmed that the spray-dried SV-LEU was composed of crystalline LEU and amorphous SV, the spray-dried SV-LYS was co-amorphous, and the spray-dried SV-TRP was an amorphous system with two phases. XPS analyses revealed that the surface of the spray-dried SV-LEU particles were LEU rich, indicating surface-enrichment of LEU in these particles. In contrast, an almost even distribution of TRP and SV at the surface of spray-dried SV-TRP was observed. FTIR results indicated no intermolecular interaction between SV and the amino acids used in the present study. The three spray-dried samples were physically stable after eight months storage in a desiccator (12% RH, ca. 22 °C). Nevertheless, spray-dried SV-LEU exhibited the best storage stability as compared to the other two spray-dried samples when the samples were stored at 60% RH, 25 °C. Both, the spray-dried SV-LEU and SV-TRP exhibited higher fine particle fractions than the spray-dried SV-LYS. CONCLUSION Both the spray-dried SV-LEU and SV-TRP exhibited better aerosol performance and storage stability compared to the spray-dried SV-LYS. Compared to TRP, LEU exhibited better protection of spray-dried amorphous SV from re-crystallization, which could be attributed to the formation of a LEU crystalline shell covering SV upon the spray drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangding Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Science Road A15, NSW 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
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Inhalable co-amorphous budesonide-arginine dry powders prepared by spray drying. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kasten G, Lobo L, Dengale S, Grohganz H, Rades T, Löbmann K. In vitro and in vivo comparison between crystalline and co-amorphous salts of naproxen-arginine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:192-199. [PMID: 30266670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) and dry ball milling (DBM) have recently been used to obtain different physical forms of drug-amino acid salts with promising dissolution and physical stability properties. In this work, crystalline and co-amorphous naproxen-arginine mixtures were prepared using LAG and DBM, respectively, and compared with regard to their in vitro and in vivo performance. X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy showed that LAG led to the formation of a crystalline salt, while DBM led to a co-amorphous salt. These results agreed with the differential scanning calorimetry profiles: a melting point of 230 °C was determined for the crystalline salt, while the co-amorphous formulation showed a single glass transition temperature at approx. 92 °C. Both solid state forms of the salt showed increased intrinsic dissolution rates (14.8 and 74.1-fold, respectively) and also higher solubility (25.3 and 29.8-fold, respectively) compared to the pure crystalline drug in vitro. Subsequently, the co-amorphous salt revealed an improved bioavailability in a pharmacokinetic study, showing a 1.5-fold increase in AUC0-t and a 2.15-fold increase in cmax compared to the pure crystalline drug. In contrast, even though showing a better in vitro performance, the crystalline salt interestingly did not show an increase in bioavailability in comparison to pure crystalline naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kasten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lonita Lobo
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhava Nagar, India
| | - Swapnil Dengale
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhava Nagar, India
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ojarinta R, Saarinen J, Strachan CJ, Korhonen O, Laitinen R. Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:112-126. [PMID: 30248394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs. In the present study we formulated tablets consisting of either spray dried co-amorphous ibuprofen-arginine or indomethacin-arginine, mannitol or xylitol and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP). Experimental design was used for the selection of tablet compositions, and the effect of tablet composition on tablet characteristics was modelled. Multimodal non-linear imaging, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and sum frequency/second harmonic generation (SFG/SHG) microscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the tablets. The tablets possessed sufficient strength, but modelling produced no clear evidence about the compaction characteristics of co-amorphous salts. However, co-amorphous drug-arginine mixtures resulted in enhanced dissolution behaviour, and the PVP in the tableting mixture stabilized the supersaturation. The co-amorphous mixtures were physically stable during compaction, but the excipient selection affected the long term stability of the ibuprofen-arginine mixture. CARS and SFG/SHG proved feasible techniques in imaging the component distribution on the tablet surfaces, but possibly due to the limited imaging area, recrystallization detected with x-ray diffraction was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ojarinta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jukka Saarinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Blaabjerg LI, Grohganz H, Lindenberg E, Löbmann K, Müllertz A, Rades T. The Influence of Polymers on the Supersaturation Potential of Poor and Good Glass Formers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040164. [PMID: 30241425 PMCID: PMC6320775 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of poorly water-soluble drug candidates in pharmaceutical development is a major challenge. Enabling techniques such as amorphization of the crystalline drug can result in supersaturation with respect to the thermodynamically most stable form of the drug, thereby possibly increasing its bioavailability after oral administration. The ease with which such crystalline drugs can be amorphized is known as their glass forming ability (GFA) and is commonly described by the critical cooling rate. In this study, the supersaturation potential, i.e., the maximum apparent degree of supersaturation, of poor and good glass formers is investigated in the absence or presence of either hypromellose acetate succinate L-grade (HPMCAS-L) or vinylpyrrolidine-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA64) in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF). The GFA of cinnarizine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, naproxen, phenytoin, and probenecid was determined by melt quenching the crystalline drugs to determine their respective critical cooling rate. The inherent supersaturation potential of the drugs in FaSSIF was determined by a solvent shift method where the respective drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and then added to FaSSIF. This study showed that the poor glass formers naproxen, phenytoin, and probenecid could not supersaturate on their own, however for some drug:polymer combinations of naproxen and phenytoin, supersaturation of the drug was enabled by the polymer. In contrast, all of the good glass formers—cinnarizine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole—could supersaturate on their own. Furthermore, the maximum achievable concentration of the good glass formers was unaffected by the presence of a polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse I Blaabjerg
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eleanor Lindenberg
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermwattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20521 Turku, Finland.
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15
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Karagianni A, Kachrimanis K, Nikolakakis I. Co-Amorphous Solid Dispersions for Solubility and Absorption Improvement of Drugs: Composition, Preparation, Characterization and Formulations for Oral Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030098. [PMID: 30029516 PMCID: PMC6161132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The amorphous solid state offers an improved apparent solubility and dissolution rate. However, due to thermodynamic instability and recrystallization tendencies during processing, storage and dissolution, their potential application is limited. For this reason, the production of amorphous drugs with adequate stability remains a major challenge and formulation strategies based on solid molecular dispersions are being exploited. Co-amorphous systems are a new formulation approach where the amorphous drug is stabilized through strong intermolecular interactions by a low molecular co-former. This review covers several topics applicable to co-amorphous drug delivery systems. In particular, it describes recent advances in the co-amorphous composition, preparation and solid-state characterization, as well as improvements of dissolution performance and absorption are detailed. Examples of drug-drug, drug-carboxylic acid and drug-amino acid co-amorphous dispersions interacting via hydrogen bonding, π−π interactions and ionic forces, are presented together with corresponding final dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Kitayama A, Kadota K, Fujioka S, Konishi Y, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Shimosaka A, Yoshida M, Shirakawa Y. Assessment of amorphization behavior of a drug during co-grinding with an amino acid by discrete element method simulation. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Newman A, Reutzel-Edens SM, Zografi G. Coamorphous Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Small Molecule Mixtures: Considerations in the Choice of Coformers for Enhancing Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:5-17. [PMID: 28989014 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, coamorphous systems, containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a small molecule coformer have appeared as alternatives to the use of either amorphous solid dispersions containing polymer or cocrystals of API and small molecule coformers, to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble crystalline API. This Commentary article considers the relative properties of amorphous solid dispersions and coamorphous systems in terms of methods of preparation; miscibility; glass transition temperature; physical stability; hygroscopicity; and aqueous dissolution. It also considers important questions concerning the fundamental criteria to be used for the proper selection of a small molecule coformer regarding its ability to form either coamorphous or cocrystal systems. Finally, we consider various aspects of product development that are specifically associated with the formulation of commercial coamorphous systems as solid oral dosage forms. These include coformer selection; screening; methods of preparation; preformulation; physical stability; bioavailability; and final formulation. Through such an analysis of coamorphous API-small molecule coformer systems, against the more widely studied API-polymer dispersions and cocrystals, it is believed that the strengths and weaknesses of coamorphous systems can be better understood, leading to more efficient formulation and manufacture of such systems for enhancing oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group LLC, Kure Beach, North Carolina 28449.
| | - Susan M Reutzel-Edens
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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18
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Ojarinta R, Lerminiaux L, Laitinen R. Spray drying of poorly soluble drugs from aqueous arginine solution. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:289-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Arnfast L, Kamruzzaman M, Löbmann K, Aho J, Baldursdottir S, Rades T, Rantanen J. Melt Extrusion of High-Dose Co-Amorphous Drug-Drug Combinations : Theme: Formulation and Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms Guest Editors: Tony Zhou and Tonglei Li. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2689-2697. [PMID: 28929263 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many future drug products will be based on innovative manufacturing solutions, which will increase the need for a thorough understanding of the interplay between drug material properties and processability. In this study, hot melt extrusion of a drug-drug mixture with minimal amount of polymeric excipient was investigated. METHODS Using indomethacin-cimetidine as a model drug-drug system, processability of physical mixtures with and without 5% (w/w) of polyethylene oxide (PEO) were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (SAOS) rheometry. Extrudates containing a co-amorphous glass solution were produced and the solid-state composition of these was studied with DSC. RESULTS Rheological analysis indicated that the studied systems display viscosities higher than expected for small molecule melts and addition of PEO decreased the viscosity of the melt. Extrudates of indomethacin-cimetidine alone displayed amorphous-amorphous phase separation after 4 weeks of storage, whereas no phase separation was observed during the 16 week storage of the indomethacin-cimetidine extrudates containing 5% (w/w) PEO. CONCLUSIONS Melt extrusion of co-amorphous extrudates with low amounts of polymer was found to be a feasible manufacturing technique. Addition of 5% (w/w) polymer reduced melt viscosity and prevented phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Arnfast
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Johanna Aho
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Stefania Baldursdottir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark.
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Improvement of the physicochemical properties of Co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin by naproxen-sodium. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:88-94. [PMID: 28392278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of the physicochemical properties of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) applying the concept of co-amorphisation is a promising alternative to the use of polymer glass solutions. In co-amorphous systems, the physical stability and the dissolution rate of the involved components may be improved in comparison to the respective single amorphous phases. However, for the co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin model system it has been reported that recrystallization could not be prevented for more than 112days regardless of the applied preparation method and blend ratio In the present study, it was thus tested if the physicochemical properties of co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin could be optimized by incorporation of the naproxen sodium into the system. Three different co-amorphous systems in nine different molar ratios were prepared by quench-cooling: naproxen-indomethacin (NI), naproxen-sodium-naproxen-indomethacin (NSNI) and naproxen-sodium-indomethacin (NSI). The samples were analyzed by XRPD, FTIR, DSC and by intrinsic dissolution experiments to investigate the influence of naproxen-sodium on the resulting physicochemical properties of the systems. With the three systems, fully amorphous samples with single glass transition temperatures could be prepared with naproxen molar fractions up to 0.7. The NSI and NSNI systems showed up to about 40°C higher Tgs than the NI system. Furthermore, no recrystallization occurred during 270d of storage with the NSI and NSNI samples that were initially amorphous. Moreover, with the NSI system, the intrinsic dissolution rate of naproxen and indomethacin was improved by a factor of 2 compared to the unmodified NI system. In conclusion, the physical stability as well as the dissolution rate was significantly improved if partial or full exchange of naproxen by its sodium salt was performed, which may present a general optimization method to improve co-amorphous systems.
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21
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Co amorphous systems: A product development perspective. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:403-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Kojima T, Karashima M, Ikeda Y. Physicochemical Evaluation and Developability Assessment of Co-amorphouses of Low Soluble Drugs and Comparison to the Co-crystals. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1739-1746. [PMID: 27733735 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To judge the developability and analyze functional mechanism of co-amorphouses, we investigated the physicochemical properties of co-amorphouses and compare the properties with the co-crystals having the same drug and counters. Co-amorphous compounds are a novel approach to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs. A co-amorphous is in an amorphous solid state allowing non-ionic interactions between drug molecules and counter molecules. The co-amorphous compounds composed of itraconazole (ITZ) with the organic carboxyl acid, fumaric acid (FA) or L-tartaric acid (TA), were prepared by mechanical grinding. Potential interactions within ITZ-FA co-amorphous were assessed by Raman spectroscopy. ITZ-FA co-amorphous was not crystallized as the co-crystal or as a single ITZ crystal, suggesting that the amorphous state, like the amorphous solid dispersion, was physically stable and that ITZ-FA co-amorphous was also chemically stable. In contrast, no clear interactions were observed within ITZ-TA co-amorphous, and the co-amorphous was physically stable but chemically unstable. The solubility of the co-amorphous state was much higher than those of ITZ crystal and the co-crystals and was almost identical to that of amorphous ITZ. A co-amorphous compound like ITZ-FA co-amorphous might be feasible to implement in the development of solid drug products and bring some merits compared to the co-crystals, and the function is governed by the interaction between a drug and a counter. The co-amorphous approach may be an effective strategy for drug development and can contribute to the production of novel drugs with improved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yamamoto
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
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23
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Qian S, Li Z, Heng W, Liang S, Ma D, Gao Y, Zhang J, Wei Y. Charge-assisted intermolecular hydrogen bond formed in coamorphous system is important to relieve the pH-dependent solubility behavior of lurasidone hydrochloride. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In comparison to amorphous LH, coamorphous LH-REP without evidence of intermolecular hydrogen bond, exhibited greatly improved solubility with pH-dependent behavior, significantly enhanced dissolution rate and physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Shujun Liang
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Di Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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