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Gong L, Zhao H, Liu Y, Wu H, Liu C, Chang S, Chen L, Jin M, Wang Q, Gao Z, Huang W. Research advances in peptide‒drug conjugates. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3659-3677. [PMID: 37719380 PMCID: PMC10501876 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) are drug delivery systems consisting of a drug covalently coupled to a multifunctional peptide via a cleavable linker. As an emerging prodrug strategy, PDCs not only preserve the function and bioactivity of the peptides but also release the drugs responsively with the cleavable property of the linkers. Given the ability to significantly improve the circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, PDCs have already been extensively applied in drug delivery. Herein, we review the types and mechanisms of peptides, linkers and drugs used to construct PDCs, and summarize the clinical applications and challenges of PDC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Heming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuangyan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Saleh A, Akkuş-Dağdeviren ZB, Haddadzadegan S, Wibel R, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Peptide Antibiotic-Polyphosphate Nanoparticles: A Promising Strategy to Overcome the Enzymatic and Mucus Barrier of the Intestine. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37224061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop peptide antibiotic-polyphosphate nanoparticles that are able to overcome the enzymatic and mucus barriers providing a targeted drug release directly on the intestinal epithelium. Polymyxin B-polyphosphate nanoparticles (PMB-PP NPs) were formed via ionic gelation between the cationic peptide and the anionic polyphosphate (PP). The resulting NPs were characterized by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. The protective effect of these NPs for incorporated PMB was evaluated via enzymatic degradation studies with lipase. Moreover, mucus diffusion of NPs was investigated with porcine intestinal mucus. Isolated intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) was employed to trigger the degradation of NPs and consequent drug release. PMB-PP NPs exhibited an average size of 197.13 ± 14.13 nm, a PDI of 0.36, a zeta potential of -11.1 ± 3.4 mV and a concentration and time-dependent toxicity. They provided entire protection toward enzymatic degradation and exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher mucus permeating properties than PMB. When incubated with isolated IAP for 4 h, monophosphate and PMB were constantly released from PMB-PP NPs and zeta potential raised up to -1.9 ± 0.61 mV. According to these findings, PMB-PP NPs are promising delivery systems to protect cationic peptide antibiotics against enzymatic degradation, to overcome the mucus barrier and to provide drug release directly at the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saleh
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, A.H.Nasution, Kendari 93231, Southeast Sulawesi Republic of Indonesia
| | - Zeynep Burcu Akkuş-Dağdeviren
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Soheil Haddadzadegan
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Wibel
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang G, Li T, Liu J, Wu X, Yi H. Cinnamaldehyde-Contained Polymers and Their Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061517. [PMID: 36987298 PMCID: PMC10051895 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, a natural product that can be extracted from a variety of plants of the genus Cinnamomum, exhibits excellent biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. To overcome the disadvantages (e.g., poor water solubility and sensitivity to light) or enhance the advantages (e.g., high reactivity and promoting cellular reactive oxygen species production) of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde can be loaded into or conjugated with polymers for sustained or controlled release, thereby prolonging the effective action time of its biological activities. Moreover, when cinnamaldehyde is conjugated with a polymer, it can also introduce environmental responsiveness to the polymer through the form of stimuli-sensitive linkages between its aldehyde group and various functional groups of polymers. The environmental responsiveness provides the great potential of cinnamaldehyde-conjugated polymers for applications in the biomedical field. In this review, the strategies for preparing cinnamaldehyde-contained polymers are summarized and their biomedical applications are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Tianlong Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xinran Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hui Yi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Liu F, Anton N, Niko Y, Klymchenko AS. Controlled Release and Capture of Aldehydes by Dynamic Imine Chemistry in Nanoemulsions: From Delivery to Detoxification. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:246-256. [PMID: 36516427 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current biomedical applications of nanocarriers are focused on drug delivery, where encapsulated cargo is released in the target tissues under the control of external stimuli. Here, we propose a very different approach, where the active toxic molecules are removed from biological tissues by the nanocarrier. It is based on the drug-sponge concept, where specific molecules are captured by the lipid nanoemulsion (NE) droplets due to dynamic covalent chemistry inside their oil core. To this end, we designed a highly lipophilic amine (LipoAmine) capable of reacting with a free cargo-aldehyde (fluorescent dye and 4-hydroxynonenal toxin) directly inside lipid NEs, yielding a lipophilic imine conjugate well encapsulated in the oil core. The formation of imine bonds was first validated using a push-pull pyrene aldehyde dye, which changes its emission color during the reaction. The conjugate formation was independently confirmed by mass spectrometry. As a result, LipoAmine-loaded NEs spontaneously loaded cargo-aldehydes, yielding formulations stable against leakage at pH 7.4, which can further release the cargo in a low pH range (4-6) in solutions and living cells. Using fluorescence microscopy, we showed that LipoAmine NEs can extract pyrene aldehyde dye from cells as well as from an epithelial tissue (chicken skin). Moreover, successful extraction from cells was also achieved for a highly toxic aliphatic aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal, which allowed obtaining the proof of concept for detoxification of living cells. Taken together, these results show that the dynamic imine chemistry inside NEs can be used to develop detoxification platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch 67401, France.,INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch 67401, France
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Iminated aminoglycosides in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: Dual approach to break down the microbial defense. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:164-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Poudwal S, Shende P. Multi-strategic approaches for enhancing active transportation using self-emulsifying drug delivery system. J Drug Target 2022; 30:726-736. [PMID: 35451898 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2069783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most desired route of drug administration and it can be more beneficial for patients suffering from chronic diseases wherein frequent parenteral administration of proteins such as insulin and calcitonin is required. The BCS class II drugs show low aqueous solubility and high permeability whereas BCS class IV drugs suffer from low aqueous solubility and low permeability. Additionally, biologic drugs are highly sensitive to presence of bioenzymes and bile salts when administered orally. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) is a thermodynamically stable lipid formulation that enhances oral absorption of active ingredients via the opening of tight junctions, increasing the membrane fluidity, and thus overcomes the physiological barriers like viscous mucus layer, strong acid conditions and enzymatic degradation. An understanding of different theories that govern SEDDS formation and drug release can help in formulating a highly stable and effective drug delivery system. Poorly permeable drugs such as chlorpromazine require modification using methods like hydrophobic ion pairing, complexation with phospholipids, etc. to enable high entrapment efficiency which is discussed in the article. Additionally, the article gives an overview of the influence of polymers, length of fatty acids chain and zeta potential in enhancing permeation across the intestinal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Poudwal
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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Liu F, Niko Y, Bouchaala R, Mercier L, Lefebvre O, Andreiuk B, Vandamme T, Goetz JG, Anton N, Klymchenko A. Drug‐Sponge Lipid Nanocarrier for in Situ Cargo Loading and Release Using Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, CNRS 7199, CAMB Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster Interdisciplinary Science Unit Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Redouane Bouchaala
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Luc Mercier
- Inserm U1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) University of Strasbourg 67200 Strasbourg France
- Current address: Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297 33077 Bordeaux France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Inserm U1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) University of Strasbourg 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, CNRS 7199, CAMB Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- Inserm U1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) University of Strasbourg 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, CNRS 7199, CAMB Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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Liu F, Niko Y, Bouchaala R, Mercier L, Lefebvre O, Andreiuk B, Vandamme T, Goetz JG, Anton N, Klymchenko A. Drug‐Sponge Lipid Nanocarrier for in Situ Cargo Loading and Release Using Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, CNRS 7199, CAMB Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster Interdisciplinary Science Unit Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Redouane Bouchaala
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Luc Mercier
- Inserm U1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) University of Strasbourg 67200 Strasbourg France
- Current address: Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297 33077 Bordeaux France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Inserm U1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) University of Strasbourg 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, CNRS 7199, CAMB Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- Inserm U1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) University of Strasbourg 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, CNRS 7199, CAMB Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021 CNRS 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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Dubashynskaya NV, Skorik YA. Polymyxin Delivery Systems: Recent Advances and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 32365637 PMCID: PMC7281078 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are vital antibiotics for the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogen infections. However, their clinical value is limited by their high nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, as well as their poor permeability and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. This review focuses on various polymyxin delivery systems that improve polymyxin bioavailability and reduce drug toxicity through targeted and controlled release. Currently, the most suitable systems for improving oral, inhalation, and parenteral polymyxin delivery are polymer particles, liposomes, and conjugates, while gels, polymer fibers, and membranes are attractive materials for topical administration of polymyxin for the treatment of infected wounds and burns. In general, the application of these systems protects polymyxin molecules from the negative effects of both physiological and pathological factors while achieving higher concentrations at the target site and reducing dosage and toxicity. Improving the properties of polymyxin will be of great interest to researchers who are focused on developing antimicrobial drugs that show increased efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia;
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Handy and highly efficient oxidation of benzylic alcohols to the benzaldehyde derivatives using heterogeneous Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles in solvent-free conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5731. [PMID: 32235857 PMCID: PMC7109032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols was performed by using commercially available aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium (Pd/AlO(OH)) nanoparticles (0.5 wt.% Pd, about 3 nm size) under mild conditions. The oxidation method comprises the oxidation of benzyl alcohols catalyzed by aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium under ultrasonic and solvent-free conditions and a continuous stream of O2. The characterization of aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium nanocatalyst was conducted by several advanced analytical techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis by ICP-OES. The oxidation of a variety of benzyl alcohol compounds were tested by the aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium nanoparticles, and all expected oxidation products were obtained by the high conversion yields within 3 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (Thin-layer chromatography), and the yields of the products were determined by 1H-NMR and 13C NMR analysis.
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