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Loza-Rodríguez N, Millán-Sánchez A, Mallandrich M, Calpena AC, López O. Lipid-Based Gels for Delivery of 3-O-Ethyl L-Ascorbic acid in Topical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1187. [PMID: 39339223 PMCID: PMC11435238 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the incorporation of 10% 3-O-ethyl L-ascorbic acid (ETVC), a derivative of vitamin C, into two lipid gel systems: a hydrogel (HG) consisting exclusively of lipids and water and a bigel (BG) combining the hydrogel with an oleogel made from olive oil and beeswax. We investigated the ETVC release profiles from both materials using synthetic membranes and measured their permeation through porcine skin in vitro. Additionally, the interaction of these lipid gel systems with the stratum corneum (SC) was determined. Results from the release study indicate that the BG exhibited slower ETVC release compared to the HG. The permeation experiments showed that the presence of lipids in the formulations enhanced ETVC retention in the skin. The HG delivered a higher amount to the SC, while the BG achieved greater retention in the epidermis. This difference is attributed to the different lipophilic nature of each material. The structural analysis of SC lipids revealed that the organization of surface lipids remained unaltered by the application of the gels. Finally, an in vitro efficacy test in porcine skin using methylene blue indicated that our ETVC gels exhibited antioxidant activity. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of lipid-based gels for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Loza-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Bicosome S.L., C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Millán-Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, C/Joan XXII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, C/Joan XXII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga López
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Kouider Amar M, Rahal S, Laidi M, Kouar I, Bourahla RFEK, Akouche Y, Bouaraba R. Balancing competing objectives in bigel formulations using many-objective optimization algorithms and different decision-making methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114167. [PMID: 38122946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Many-objective optimization, which deals with balancing multiple competing objectives to find compromised solutions, is essential for solving complex problems. This study explores evolutionary algorithms for optimizing the microstructural, rheological, stability, and drug release properties of bigel systems formulated using structured almond oil, mixed organogelators, and carbopol. The oleogel was identified as the dispersed phase, with droplet sizes ranging from 1.43 µm to 7.37 µm, indicating improved characteristics compared to other bigels. Each formulation exhibited non-Newtonian shear-thinning and thixotropic behaviors, which were positively influenced by the proportions of the excipients. After undergoing multiple stress cycles, highly concentrated bigels exhibited phase separation. Unexpectedly, bigels with lower viscosity exhibited reduced rates of drug release. FT-IR and HPLC analyses confirmed the compatibility and stability of drug-excipient interactions, with impurities remaining below 4%. This study emphasizes the complex interactions within mixed lipid-based bigels, requiring many-objective optimization techniques to address conflicting objectives. The objectives of optimization involve simultaneously minimizing microstructural properties while maximizing structural recovery and drug release properties. This led to conflicting objectives, where achieving higher structural recovery did not align with the desired drug release rate. Additionally, more stable formulations did not meet the optimal microstructural objectives. To resolve these conflicts, an RSM-MaOEAs approach was applied, employing various decision-making methods. Among EAs, RSM-RVEA notably achieved exceptional convergence. Furthermore, three MaOEAs-integrated decision-making methods-WSM, WPM, NED-and the RSM-desirability, offered potential solutions. Overall, this research proposes a robust framework for compromising the bigels' performance and stability, with broader applications in drug delivery and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kouider Amar
- Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria; Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria; Laboratory of Quality Control, Physico-Chemical Department, SAIDAL of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria; Faculty of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria.
| | - Soufiane Rahal
- Faculty of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Maamar Laidi
- Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria; Faculty of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Ibtihal Kouar
- Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria; Faculty of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Rym Farah El-Khansaa Bourahla
- Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria; Faculty of Technology, University Dr., Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Youcef Akouche
- Laboratory of Quality Control, Physico-Chemical Department, SAIDAL of GDC, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Razki Bouaraba
- Laboratory of Quality Control, Physico-Chemical Department, SAIDAL of GDC, Algiers 16000, Algeria
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Loza-Rodríguez N, Millán-Sánchez A, López O. Characteristics of a Lipid Hydrogel and Bigel as Matrices for Ascorbic Acid Stabilization. Gels 2023; 9:649. [PMID: 37623104 PMCID: PMC10453865 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) has many health benefits, including immune and cardiovascular deficiency protection, prenatal problems, and skin diseases. Unfortunately, AA is easily oxidized and has limited bioavailability. Thus, the development of formulations that stabilize and enhance the efficacy of AA is a challenge. In this study, 4% AA was encapsulated in two recently developed gels, a hydrogel and a bigel. The hydrogel was formed exclusively with lipids and water, and the bigel was a combination of the hydrogel with an oleogel formed with olive oil and beeswax. The effect of AA in gel microstructures was determined using X-ray scattering, rheology, and texture analysis. Additionally, the capacity of these materials to protect AA from degradation upon temperature and sunlight was studied. Results showed that the incorporation of AA into both materials did not affect their microstructure. Moreover, hydrogel-protected AA showed only 2% degradation after three months at 8 °C, while in aqueous solution, it degraded by 12%. Regarding sunlight, bigel showed a good shielding effect, exhibiting only 2% AA degradation after 22 h of exposure, whereas in aqueous solution, AA degraded by 10%. These results suggest that both proposed gels could be used in biomedical applications and the field of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Loza-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
- Bicosome S.L., C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Millán-Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Olga López
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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