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Lester C, Li JM, Passang T, Wang Y, Waller EK, Blakey SB. Chemical Modifications to Enhance the Drug Properties of a VIP Receptor Antagonist (ANT) Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4391. [PMID: 38673976 PMCID: PMC11050070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antagonist peptides (ANTs) of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors (VIP-Rs) are shown to enhance T cell activation and proliferation in vitro, as well as improving T cell-dependent anti-tumor response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) murine models. However, peptide therapeutics often suffer from poor metabolic stability and exhibit a short half-life/fast elimination in vivo. In this study, we describe efforts to enhance the drug properties of ANTs via chemical modifications. The lead antagonist (ANT308) is derivatized with the following modifications: N-terminus acetylation, peptide stapling, and PEGylation. Acetylated ANT308 exhibits diminished T cell activation in vitro, indicating that N-terminus conservation is critical for antagonist activity. The replacement of residues 13 and 17 with cysteine to accommodate a chemical staple results in diminished survival using the modified peptide to treat mice with AML. However, the incorporation of the constraint increases survival and reduces tumor burden relative to its unstapled counterpart. Notably, PEGylation has a significant positive effect, with fewer doses of PEGylated ANT308 needed to achieve comparable overall survival and tumor burden in leukemic mice dosed with the parenteral ANT308 peptide, suggesting that polyethylene glycol (PEG) incorporation enhances longevity, and thus the antagonist activity of ANT308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lester
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tenzin Passang
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Yuou Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Y.W.)
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Simon B. Blakey
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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2
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Piper SJ, Deganutti G, Lu J, Zhao P, Liang YL, Lu Y, Fletcher MM, Hossain MA, Christopoulos A, Reynolds CA, Danev R, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Understanding VPAC receptor family peptide binding and selectivity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7013. [PMID: 36385145 PMCID: PMC9668914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors are key regulators of neurological processes. Despite recent structural data, a comprehensive understanding of peptide binding and selectivity among different subfamily receptors is lacking. Here, we determine structures of active, Gs-coupled, VIP-VPAC1R, PACAP27-VPAC1R, and PACAP27-PAC1R complexes. Cryo-EM structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) reveal fewer stable interactions between VPAC1R and VIP than for PACAP27, more extensive dynamics of VIP interaction with extracellular loop 3, and receptor-dependent differences in interactions of conserved N-terminal peptide residues with the receptor core. MD of VIP modelled into PAC1R predicts more transient VIP-PAC1R interactions in the receptor core, compared to VIP-VPAC1R, which may underlie the selectivity of VIP for VPAC1R over PAC1R. Collectively, our work improves molecular understanding of peptide engagement with the PAC1R and VPAC1R that may benefit the development of novel selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Piper
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- grid.8096.70000000106754565Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB Coventry, UK
| | - Jessica Lu
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,Present Address: Confo TherapeuticsTechnologiepark 94, Ghent (Zwijnaarde), 9052 Belgium
| | - Yao Lu
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Madeleine M. Fletcher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.454018.c0000 0004 0632 8971Present Address: GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, 3067 VIC Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Christopher A. Reynolds
- grid.8096.70000000106754565Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB Coventry, UK ,grid.8356.80000 0001 0942 6946School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Radostin Danev
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XGraduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
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3
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Zhang R, Leeper CN, Wang X, White TA, Ulery BD. Immunomodulatory vasoactive intestinal peptide amphiphile micelles. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1717-1722. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two different vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) amphiphiles have been formulated which readily form micelles of varying shapes. Interestingly, VIP micelle structure has been found to directly correlate to anti-inflammatory behavior providing evidence that these biomaterials can serve as a promising new therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Tommi A. White
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Bret D. Ulery
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
- Department of Bioengineering
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4
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Xu C, Guo Y, Qiao X, Shang X, Niu W, Jin M. Design, Recombinant Fusion Expression and Biological Evaluation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Analogue as Novel Antimicrobial Agent. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111963. [PMID: 29135962 PMCID: PMC6150413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides represent an emerging category of therapeutic agents with remarkable structural and functional diversity. Modified vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (VIP analogue 8 with amino acid sequence “FTANYTRLRRQLAVRRYLAAILGRR”) without haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity displayed enhanced antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922 than parent VIP even in the presence of 180 mM NaCl or 50 mM MgCl2, or in the range of pH 4–10. VIP analogue 8 was expressed as fusion protein thioredoxin (Trx)-VIP8 in E. coli BL21(DE) at a yield of 45.67 mg/L. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the recombinant VIP analogue 8 against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were 2 μM. These findings suggest that VIP analogue 8 is a promising candidate for application as a new and safe antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiangjin Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoya Shang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Weining Niu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Mingliang Jin
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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5
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Agnese M, Rosati L, Coraggio F, Valiante S, Prisco M. Molecular cloning of VIP and distribution of VIP/VPACR system in the testis of Podarcis sicula. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:334-47. [PMID: 24753326 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Using molecular, biochemical, and cytological tools, we studied the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence of PHI/VIP and the distribution of VIP/VPAC receptor system in the testis of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula to evaluate the involvement of such a neuropeptide in the spermatogenesis control. We demonstrated that (1) Podarcis sicula VIP had a high identity with other vertebrate VIP sequences, (2) differently from mammals, VIP was synthesized directly in the testis, and (3) VIP and its receptor VPAC2 were widely distributed in germ and somatic cells, while the VPAC1 R had a distribution limited to Leydig cells. Our results demonstrated that in Podarcis sicula the VIP sequence is highly preserved and that this neuropeptide is involved in lizard spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Agnese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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6
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Onoue S, Matsui T, Kato M, Mizumoto T, Liu B, Liu L, Karaki SI, Kuwahara A, Yamada S. Chemical synthesis and formulation design of a PEGylated vasoactive intestinal peptide derivative with improved metabolic stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Frankiewicz L, Betti C, Guillemyn K, Tourwé D, Jacquot Y, Ballet S. Stabilisation of a short α
-helical VIP fragment by side chain to side chain cyclisation: a comparison of common cyclisation motifs by circular dichroism. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:423-32. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Frankiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Karel Guillemyn
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Yves Jacquot
- Laboratory of the BioMolécules (LBM), Department of Chemistry, CNRS - UMR 7203; Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6; 24, rue Lhomond 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Steven Ballet
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
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8
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Lim SB, Banerjee A, Önyüksel H. Improvement of drug safety by the use of lipid-based nanocarriers. J Control Release 2012; 163:34-45. [PMID: 22698939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug toxicity is an important factor that contributes significantly to adverse drug events in current healthcare practice. Application of lipid-based nanocarriers in drug formulation is one approach to improve drug safety. Lipid-based delivery systems include micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and nanosuspensions. These carriers are generally composed of physiological lipids well tolerated by human body. Delivery of water-insoluble drugs in these formulations increases their solubility and stability in aqueous media and eliminates the need for toxic co-solvents or pH adjustment to solubilize hydrophobic drugs. Association or encapsulation of peptides/proteins within lipid-based carriers protects the labile biologics against enzymatic degradation, hence reducing the therapeutic dose required and risk of dose-dependent toxicity. Most importantly, lipid-based nanocarriers alter the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of drugs through passive and active targeting, leading to increased drug accumulation at target sites while significantly decreasing non-specific distribution to other tissues. Furthermore, surface modification of these nanocarriers reduces immunogenicity of drug-carrier complexes, imparts stealth by preventing opsonization and removal by phagocytes and minimizes interaction with circulating blood components. In view of heightening attention on drug safety in patient treatment, lipid-based nanocarrier is therefore an important and promising option for formulation of pharmaceutical products to improve treatment safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Bee Lim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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9
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Onoue S, Aoki Y, Matsui T, Kojo Y, Misaka S, Mizumoto T, Yamada S. Formulation design and in vivo evaluation of dry powder inhalation system of new vasoactive intestinal peptide derivative ([R(15, 20, 21), L(17), A(24,25), des-N(28)]-VIP-GRR) in experimental asthma/COPD model rats. Int J Pharm 2011; 410:54-60. [PMID: 21419198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been considered as a promising drug candidate for asthma and COPD because of its potent immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, our group developed a new VIP derivative, [R(15, 20, 21), L(17), A(24,25), des-N(28)]-VIP-GRR (IK312548), with improved chemical and metabolic stability. In the present study, a dry powder inhaler system of IK312548 was designed for inhalation therapy with minimal systemic side effects, the physicochemical properties of which were also evaluated with a focus on morphology, particle size distribution, inhalation performance, and peptide stability. Laser diffraction and cascade impactor analysis suggested high dispersion and deposition in the respiratory organs with a fine particle fraction of 31.2%. According to UPLC/ESI-MS and circular dichroic spectral analyses, no significant changes in the purity and structure of VIP derivative were observed during preparation of respirable formulation. Anti-inflammatory properties of IK312548 respirable powder (RP) were characterized in antigen-sensitized asthma/COPD-model rats. There were marked inflammatory cells infiltrated into the lung tissues of experimental asthma/COPD-model rats; however, intratracheal administration of IK312548-RP led to significant reductions of recruited inflammatory cells in lung tissues and BALF by 72 and 78%, respectively. Thus, respirable powder formulation of IK312548 might be a promising medication for asthma, COPD, and other airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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10
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Wei MX, Hu P, Wang P, Naruse S, Nokihara K, Wray V, Ozaki T. Possible key residues that determine left gastric artery blood flow response to PACAP in dogs. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4865-70. [PMID: 20939117 PMCID: PMC2955258 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on left gastric artery (LGA) flow and to unveil the structural or functional important sites that may be critical for discrimination of different receptor subtypes.
METHODS: Peptides, including PACAP-27, PACAP-38, amino acid substituted PACAP-27 and C-terminus truncated analogues PACAP (27-38), were synthesized by a simultaneous multiple solid-phase peptide synthesizer. Flow probes of an ultrasound transit-time blood flowmeter were placed around the LGA of beagle dogs. When peptides were infused intravenously, the blood flow was measured.
RESULTS: [Ala4, Val5]-PACAP-27 caused a concentration-dependent vasodepressor action which was similar to that caused by PACAP-27. The LGA blood flow response to [Ala4, Val5]-PACAP-27 was significantly higher than that to PACAP-27, which was similar to that to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) at the same dose. [Ala6]-PACAP-27 did not increase the peak LGA flow. [Gly8]-PACAP-27 showed a similar activity to VIP. [Asn24, Ser25, Ile26]-PACAP-27 did not change the activity of peptides at all doses.
CONCLUSION: NH2 terminus is more important to biological activity of peptides and specific receptor recognition than COOH-terminus.
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11
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Development of PACAP38 analogue with improved stability: physicochemical and in vitro/in vivo pharmacological characterization. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 43:85-93. [PMID: 20585898 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38), one of the major peptide transmitters, has emerged as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, on the basis of previous structure-activity relationships, a new PACAP38 derivative, [R(15, 20, 21), L(17)]-PACAP38, was chemically synthesized with the aim of enhancing the therapeutic potential of PACAP38. The solution structure of the new derivative was almost identical to that of PACAP38 as evaluated by circular dichroic spectroscopy, and both PACAP38 and the new derivative stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat insulinoma RIN-m5F cells with EC(50) values of 4.6 and 5.5 nM, respectively. Stability studies revealed the gradual degradation of PACAPs in rat serum, although there appeared to be a 42% reduction in degradation kinetics for [R(15, 20, 21), L(17)]-PACAP38 compared with that of PACAP38. The novel derivative also exhibited more potent protective effects against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced apoptotic death of RIN-m5F cells, possibly due to the enhanced stability. The n0-STZ model, in which neonatal rats were injected with STZ at birth, developed a typical diabetic condition; however, chronic administration of [R(15, 20, 21), L(17)]-PACAP38 resulted in protection of pancreatic islets, followed by the improvement of glycemic control. Thus, the chemical modification of PACAP38 led to the development of a new promising derivative with enhanced stability and biological activity, and early administration of [R(15, 20, 21), L(17)]-PACAP38 might be of help for preventing the development of diabetes in type 2 diabetic model rats.
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Gamma-glutamyl 16-diaminopropane derivative of vasoactive intestinal peptide: a potent anti-oxidative agent for human epidermoid cancer cells. Amino Acids 2010; 39:661-70. [PMID: 20145959 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the gamma-glutamyl 16 amine derivative of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) acts as structural VIP agonist with affinity and potency higher than VIP. Herein, we have evaluated the effects of VIP and gamma-Gln16-diaminopropane derivative of VIP (VIP-DAP3) on the proliferation and protection from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. We have found that 10(-11) M VIP-DAP3 completely antagonized the inhibition induced by H2O2 on both cell proliferation and S-phase distribution while these effects were only partially antagonized by equimolar concentrations of VIP. Moreover, both oxidative stress and intracellular lipid oxidation induced by H2O2 were reduced by VIP and completely antagonized by VIP-DAP3. Thereafter, we have found that H2O2 increased p38 kinase activity and both HSP70 and HSP27 expression. VIP and VIP-DAP3 again antagonized these effects partially or totally, respectively. H2O2 reduced the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases Erk-1/2 and Akt, signalling proteins involved in proliferation/survival pathways. Again VIP restored the activity of both kinases while VIP-DAP3 caused indeed an increase of their activity as compared to untreated cells. These data suggest that VIP-DAP3 has a stronger anti-oxidative activity as compared to VIP likely based on its super-agonistic binding on the putative receptor.
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13
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Physicochemical and pharmacological characterization of novel vasoactive intestinal peptide derivatives with improved stability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 73:95-101. [PMID: 19481602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, [R(15,20,21), L(17)]-VIP-GRR (IK312532), a long-acting VIP derivative, was proposed as potential drug candidate for the treatment of asthma/COPD. The present work is aimed to elucidate solution-state stability of IK312532 and to develop further stabilized derivative with equipotent or higher biological functions. A stability study on IK312532 was carried out in solution state, and degradation mechanism was deduced by UPLC-MS and amino acid analyses. Three novel VIP derivatives were designed and chemically synthesized on the basis of stability data, being subjected to physicochemical and pharmacological characterization. Solution-state stability studies revealed the gradual degradation of IK312532, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Chemical modification of IK312532, mainly position at 24, resulted in marked improvement of stability, although the chemical modification had no influence on the secondary structure, receptor binding, and activation of adenylate cyclase in rat lung cells. Novel derivatives also exhibited more potent neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells when compared to VIP and IK312532, possibly due to improved stability. Deamination of Asn at position 24 might be responsible for degradation of VIP derivative, and stability and chemical modification studies led us to the successful development of novel VIP derivatives with higher stability and biological functions.
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14
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Corcho FJ, Mokoena P, Bisetty K, Perez JJ. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of VIP and PACAP27. Biopolymers 2009; 91:391-400. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Dickson L, Finlayson K. VPAC and PAC receptors: From ligands to function. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:294-316. [PMID: 19109992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides (PACAPs) share 68% identity at the amino acid level and belong to the secretin peptide family. Following the initial discovery of VIP almost four decades ago a substantial amount of knowledge has been presented describing the mechanisms of action, distribution and pleiotropic functions of these related peptides. It is now known that the physiological actions of these widely distributed peptides are produced through activation of three common G-protein coupled receptors (VPAC(1), VPAC(2) and PAC(1)R) which preferentially stimulate adenylate cyclase and increase intracellular cAMP, although stimulation of other intracellular messengers, including calcium and phospholipase D, has been reported. Using a range of in vitro and in vivo approaches, including cell-based functional assays, transgenic animals and rodent models of disease, VPAC/PAC receptor activation has been associated with numerous physiological processes (e.g. control of circadian rhythms) and clinical conditions (e.g. pulmonary hypertension), which underlies on-going research efforts and makes these peptides and their cognate receptors attractive targets for the pharmaceutical industry. However, despite the considerable interest in VPAC/PAC receptors and the processes which they mediate, there is still a paucity of selective and available, non-peptide ligands, which has hindered further advances in this field both at the basic research and clinical level. This review summarises the current knowledge of VIP/PACAP and the VPAC/PAC receptors with regard to their distribution, pharmacology, signalling pathways, splice variants and finally, the utility of animal models in exploring their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dickson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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16
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Dangoor D, Biondi B, Gobbo M, Vachutinski Y, Fridkin M, Gozes I, Rocchi R. Novel glycosylated VIP analogs: synthesis, biological activity, and metabolic stability. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:321-8. [PMID: 17924396 DOI: 10.1002/psc.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prominent neuropeptide, exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activities in mammals. However, the clinical applications of VIP are mainly hampered because of its rapid degradation in vivo. Peptide glycosylation, a procedure frequently used to increase peptide resistance to proteolytic degradation and consequently increase peptide metabolic stability, has not been performed yet on VIP. The presence of three N-glycosylation sites on VIP receptor type 1 (VPAC1) was previously demonstrated. Therefore, glycosylation of the VIP ligand could potentially increase its receptor affinity because of glyco-glyco interactions between the ligand and the receptor. In order to enhance VIP's metabolic stability and to increase its ligand-receptor binding/activation, eight glycosylated VIP derivatives were successfully synthesized by the solid-phase procedure. Each VIP analog was monoglycosylated by a monosaccharide addition to one amino-acid residue along the sequence. Glycosylation did not affect the alpha-helical structure shown by the native VIP in organic environment. Few glycosylated VIP analogs displayed highly potent VPAC1 receptor binding and cAMP-induced activation; only 4-6 fold lower in comparison to the native VIP. Furthermore, the peptide analog glycosylated on Thr11 ([11Glyc]VIP) showed a significantly enhanced stability toward trypsin enzymatic degradation in comparison to VIP. Analysis of the degradation products of [11Glyc]VIP showed that differently from VIP, incubation of the peptide [11Glyc]VIP with trypsin resulted in no cleavage at the Arg12-Leu13 peptide bond, suggesting that VIP glycosylation may lead to enhanced metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dangoor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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17
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Structure-activity relationship of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): potent agonists and potential clinical applications. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 377:579-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Dangoor D, Rubinraut S, Fridkin M, Gozes I. Novel analogs of VIP with multiple C-terminal domains. Peptides 2007; 28:1622-30. [PMID: 17481779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of multiplication of the N-terminal domain of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the binding activity of the peptide was recently evaluated. A VIP analog with multiple N-terminal domains was found to be slightly more potent as compared to [Nle(17)]VIP towards VIP receptor type 1 (VPAC1)-related cAMP production. Here, the effect of multiplication of the C-terminal domain of VIP was evaluated with the aim of possibly amplifying peptide-receptor (VPAC1) binding and activation. Several VIP analogs were designed and synthesized, each carrying multiplication of the C-terminal domain that was obtained by either a simple linear tandem extension or by a unique branching methodology. Results show that despite significant alterations in the C-terminal domain of VIP that is considered essential to induce potent receptor binding, few peptides demonstrated only slight reduction in receptor binding and activation in comparison to [Nle(17)]VIP. Furthermore, a specific branched VIP analog with multiple C-terminal domains was equipotent to [Nle(17)]VIP in the cAMP production assay. Therefore, it is concluded that the association between the VIP ligand to the VIP receptor could be tolerable to size increases in the C-terminal region of the VIP ligand and multiplication of the C-terminal does not increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dangoor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Einstein Street, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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19
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Onoue S, Yamada S, Yajima T. Bioactive analogues and drug delivery systems of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) for the treatment of asthma/COPD. Peptides 2007; 28:1640-50. [PMID: 17537541 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is one of the major peptide transmitters in the central and peripheral nervous systems, being involved in a wide range of biological functions. In an airway system where VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers are present, VIP acts as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator of the inhibitory non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic airway nervous system and influences many aspects of pulmonary biology. A clinical application of VIP has been believed to offer potential benefits in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, its clinical application has been limited in the past for a number of reasons, including its extremely short plasma half-life after intravenous administration and difficulty in administration routes. The development of long-acting VIP analogues, in combination with appropriate drug delivery systems, may provide clinically useful agents for the treatment of asthma/COPD. In this review, development of efficacious VIP derivatives, drug delivery systems designed for VIPs and the potential application for asthma/COPD are discussed. We also include original data from our chemical modification experiments and formulation studies, which led to successful development of [R(15, 20, 21), L(17)]-VIP-GRR (IK312532), a potent VIP analogue, and a VIPs-based dry powder inhaler system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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20
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Cheng D, Yin D, Zhang L, Wang M, Li G, Wang Y. Radiosynthesis of 18F-(R8,15,21, L17)-vasoactive intestinal peptide and preliminary evaluation in mice bearing C26 colorectal tumours. Nucl Med Commun 2007; 28:501-6. [PMID: 17460542 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328155d111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiolabelled vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its analogues have shown their potential as imaging agents for diagnosing tumours expressing VIP receptor. However, the fast proteolytic degradation in vivo has limited their clinical use. AIM To prepare the 18F-labelled (R8,15,21, L17)-VIP analogue in a convenient way and to evaluate its potential as an imaging agent for VIP receptor-positive tumours. METHODS Radiolabelled (R8,15,21, L17)-VIP was obtained by conjugation with N-succinimidyl 4-([18F]fluoromethyl) benzoate and purified by HPLC. Radiochemical purity and specific radioactivity were measured by analytical HPLC. In-vitro stability of the product was carried out in HSA solution and analysed by HPLC. Biodistribution study was carried out in mice bearing C26 colorectal tumours. RESULTS 18F-(R8,15,21, L17)-VIP was obtained in greater than 99% radiochemical purity within 60 min in decay-for-corrected radiochemical yields of 21.8+/-4.7% (n=5) and a specific activity of 17.76 GBq x mumol(-1) at the end of synthesis (EOS). Results of in-vitro studies demonstrated a high stability in human serum albumin (HSA) solution. Biodistribution data showed a rapid blood clearance and specific binding towards receptor-positive tumours. CONCLUSION 18F-(R8,15,21, L17)-VIP was prepared by a convenient method. Preliminary biodistribution results showed its potential for imaging tumours over-expressing VIP receptors and encouraged further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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21
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Cheng D, Yin D, Li G, Wang M, Li S, Zheng M, Cai H, Wang Y. Radiolabeling and in vitro and in vivo characterization of [18F]FB-[R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP as a PET imaging agent for tumor overexpressed VIP receptors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 68:319-25. [PMID: 17177894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop a peptide-based radiopharmaceutical for the detection of tumors overexpressed vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors with positron emission tomography, we have prepared a novel [R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP peptide for 18F-labeling. This peptide inhibited 125I-VIP binding to rats lung membranes with high affinity [half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.12 nm]. Additionally, [R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP showed higher stability than native vasoactive intestinal peptide in vivo of mice. With N-succinimidyl 4-[18F] fluorobenzoate as labeling prosthetic group, [18F]FB-[R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP was obtained in >99% radiochemical purity within 100 min in decay-for-corrected radiochemical yield of 33.6 +/- 3% (n = 5) and a specific radioactivity 255 GBq/micromol at the end of synthesis. Stability of [18F]FB-[R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Biodistribution of this trace was carried out in mice with induced C26 colorectal tumor. Fast clearance of [18F]FB-[R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP from non-target tissues and specific uptakes by tumors realized higher tumor-to-muscle ratio (3.55) and tumor-to-blood ratio (2.37) 60 min postinjection. Clear difference was observed between the blocking and unblocking experiments in biodistribution and whole body radioautography. [18F]FB-[R(8,15,21), L17]-VIP has demonstrated its potential for diagnosing tumors overexpressed vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cheng
- Radiopharmaceuticals Centre, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 JiaLuo Road, Shanghai 201800, China
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Stiuso P, Marabotti A, Facchiano A, Lepretti M, Dicitore A, Ferranti P, Cartenì M. Assessment of the conformational features of vasoactive intestinal peptide in solution by limited proteolysis experiments. Biopolymers 2006; 81:110-9. [PMID: 16224772 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The structural features of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and of its Gln16-diaminopropane derivative (VIP-DAP) in solution were investigated by limited proteolysis experiments with trypsin and thermolysin. The proteolysis of the native peptide by both proteinases takes place near the residues in positions 12 and 21/22, suggesting that these amino acids are embedded in segments more flexible than the rest of the molecule. VIP-DAP appears to be more resistant to the proteolytic attack of trypsin, indicating that the derivatization in position 16 is able to stabilize the structure of the peptide. Moreover, the analysis of the mass spectra of the proteolytic mixtures supports the evidence that the derivatization is also able to protect Met17 against oxidation. From these data it can be concluded that VIP in solution under physiological conditions is characterized by the presence of segments with secondary structure, linked together by "hinge" regions that confer flexibility to the peptide, whereas VIP-DAP is embedded in a more rigid conformation, more suitable to receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Stiuso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biofisica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Vico L. De Crecchio, 7,80138 Napoli, Italy.
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Onoue S, Liu B, Nemoto Y, Hirose M, Yajima T. Chemical Synthesis and Application of C-Terminally 5-Carboxyfluorescein-labelled Thymopentin as a Fluorescent Probe for Thymopoietin Receptor. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:1531-5. [PMID: 17159311 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thymopentin (TP5) is a synthetic pentapeptide fragment, which corresponds to position 32 - 36 of thymic polypeptide thymopoietin. Thymopoietin and TP5 display a variety of biological functions, including phenotypic differentiation of T cells and the regulation of immune systems. Previous chemical modification experiments suggested that there was an absolute requirement for N-terminal amino acids to maintain the biological activity of TP5. On the basis of this structure-activity relationship, we designed and synthesized the C-terminally 5-carboxyfluorescein-coupled TP5 (TP5-FAM) as a fluorescent probe for thymopoietin receptor. TP5-FAM could bind to the membrane of human lymphoid cell lines, MOLT-4 cells, in which the thymopoietin receptor is expressed. The binding is specific and saturable (K(d) = 33 microM). TP5 and human splenopentin are nearly equipotent inhibitors of TP5-FAM binding to the thymopoietin receptor, but porcine secretin did not show any significant inhibition of TP5-FAM binding to MOLT-4 cells. Thus, TP5-FAM is suggested to be a potent and biologically active ligand that would be useful for studying the binding and functional characteristics of the human thymopoietin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.
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Uchiyama F, Tanaka Y, Minari Y, Tokui N. Designing scaffolds of peptides for phage display libraries. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:448-56. [PMID: 16233816 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phage display is a powerful method for the discovery of peptide ligands that are used for analytical tools, drug discovery, and target validations. Phage display technology can produce a huge number of peptides and generate novel peptide ligands. Recently, phage display technology has successfully managed to create peptide ligands that bind to pharmaceutically difficult targets such as the erythropoietin receptor. As a result of the structural analysis of their ligands, we found that the conformational design of peptides in library is important for selecting high-affinity ligands that bind to every target from a phage peptide library. Key issues concern constraints on the conformation of peptides on the phage and the development of chemically synthesized peptides derived from peptides on phage. This review discusses studies related to the conformation of peptides selected from phage display peptide libraries in addition to the conversion from peptides to non-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Uchiyama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jounan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.
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