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Wei N, Zhang LM, Xu JJ, Li SL, Xue R, Ma SL, Li C, Sun MM, Chen KS. Astaxanthin Rescues Memory Impairments in Rats with Vascular Dementia by Protecting Against Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:29. [PMID: 39014255 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a cognitive disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function resulting from cerebrovascular disease. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to ischemic insults, leading to memory deficits in VaD. Astaxanthin (AST) has shown potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in VaD and against hippocampal neuronal death remain unclear. In this study, We used the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method to establish a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model of VaD and administered a gastric infusion of AST at 25 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks to explore its therapeutic effects. Memory impairments were assessed using Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. We also performed biochemical analyses to evaluate levels of hippocampal neuronal death and apoptosis-related proteins, as well as the impact of astaxanthin on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that AST significantly rescued memory impairments in VaD rats. Furthermore, astaxanthin treatment protected against hippocampal neuronal death and attenuated apoptosis. We also observed that AST modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting its involvement in promoting neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, AST exhibited antioxidant properties, mitigating oxidative stress in the hippocampus. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic effects of AST in VaD. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying the actions of AST, this study highlights the importance of protecting hippocampal neurons and suggests potential targets for intervention in VaD. There are still some unanswered questions include long-term effects and optimal dosage of the use in human. Further research is warranted to fully understand the therapeutic potential of AST and its application in the clinical treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luo-Man Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Ma
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
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Hassan HA, Ayoub IM, Ragab TIM, Afifi SM, El-Gendy AENG, Farrag ARH, Abd-ELGawad AM, Farag M, Elshamy A, Ammar NM. Metabolomics approach of Symphyotrichum squamatum ethanol extract and its nano-Ag formulation protective effect on gastric ulcer via bio-chemical and pathological analyses. Biomarkers 2023; 28:190-205. [PMID: 36484430 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ContextGastric ulcer (GU) a widely distributed ailment is associated with many causes, including alcohol consumption.Materials and MethodsChemical profiling of Symphyotrichum squamatum ethanol extract (SSEE) was established via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS) and employed in a silver nano-formulation (SSEE-N-Ag). SSEE and SSEE-N-Ag antiulcer activities were estimated against ethanol-induced rats by biochemical, histological, and metabolomics assessments. Reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity and prostaglandin E2 levels and gastric mucosa histopathological examination were analysed. The rats' metabolome changing alongside action pathways were elucidated via metabolite profile coupled to multivariate data analysis.ResultsUPLC-MS profiling of SSEE identified 75 components belonging to various classes. Compared with control, EtOH-treated rats showed decreased of tissue GSH, TAC and PGE2 by 62.32%, 51.85% and 47.03% respectively. SSEE and SSEE-N-Ag administration mitigated biochemical and histopathological alterations. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed for changes in several low molecular weight metabolites with ulcer development. These metabolites levels were restored to normal post-administration of SSEE-N-Ag. SSEE-N-Ag as mediated via modulating numerous metabolic pathways such as lipids, pyrimidine, energy metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signalling. This study provides novel insight for metabolic mechanisms underlying gastric ulcer relieving effect.ConclusionPresent results revealed potential antiulcer effect of SSEE and SSEE-N-Ag by decreasing ulcer-associated syndromes, supporting their anti-ulcerogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Hassan
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drugs Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iriny M Ayoub
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Abd-ELGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Ammar
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drugs Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Lee J, Kim MH, Kim H. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin on Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415471. [PMID: 36555112 PMCID: PMC9779521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderate amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced under normal conditions, where they play an important role in cell signaling and are involved in many aspects of the immune response to pathogens. On the other hand, the excessive production of ROS destructs macromolecules, cell membranes, and DNA, and activates pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, which may lead to various pathologic conditions. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is constantly exposed to ROS due to the presence of bacteria and other infectious pathogens in food, as well as alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Prolonged excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are two major risk factors for GI disorders such as ulcers and cancers. Bioactive food compounds with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity have been tested in experimental GI disease models to evaluate their therapeutic potential. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid that is naturally present in algae, yeast, salmon, shrimp, and krill. It has been shown that AST exhibits protective effects against GI diseases via multiple mechanisms. Residing at the surface and inside of cell membranes, AST directly neutralizes ROS and lipid peroxyl radicals, enhances the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, and suppresses pro-inflammatory transcription factors and cytokines. In addition, AST has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis via modulating cell proliferation-related pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy. Considering the potential benefits of AST in GI diseases, this review paper aims to summarize recent advances in AST research, focusing on its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against gastric and intestinal ulcers and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +1-602-496-4163 (M.-H.K.); +82-2-2123-3125 (H.K.)
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +1-602-496-4163 (M.-H.K.); +82-2-2123-3125 (H.K.)
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Naproxen sodium nanoparticles are less toxic and gastroprotective agents than the conventional NSAID drug naproxen sodium in Balb/c mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 452:116192. [PMID: 35952772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the leading causes of gastric ulcers. Excellent therapeutic properties have made the use of NSAIDs widespread. Nano-drug delivery to reduce systemic toxicity through modulating drug pharmacokinetics may be a better choice. Presently, we investigated if naproxen nanoformulation (PVA capped NPRS-MgO NPs) is less toxic to be used as an alternative drug. Groups of mice were assigned to control, NPRS-treated, CNF-treated, UNF-treated, and MgO NPs-treated groups. Analyses included gross examination of gastric mucosa, calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices, determination of tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH), histological and immunohistochemical assessment of i-NOS, COX-2, and caspase-3 of stomach mucosa, q-PCR for the detection of mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results were compared statistically at P < 0.05. Compared to NPRS-treated mice which developed multiple ulcers, had elevated MDA and ROS levels, and deceased CAT, POD, SOD, and GSH levels, significantly increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA, damaged surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and leucocyte infiltration of lamina propria with a marked increase in mucosal COX-2, i-NOS, and caspase-3 expression, oral administration of coated and uncoated naproxen nanoformulations prevented the gross mucosal damage by a restoration of all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations to near control levels. The present study demonstrates that naproxen sodium nanoformulation has a gastroprotective action and in the clinical setting can be a better alternative to conventional naproxen.
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Hamdan DI, Salah S, Hassan WHB, Morsi M, Khalil HMA, Ahmed-Farid OAH, El-Shiekh RA, Nael MA, Elissawy AM. Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fractions from Morus macroura Miq. Plant Organs with Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Profiling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16013-16027. [PMID: 35571826 PMCID: PMC9096986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Column chromatography afforded the isolation of seven secondary metabolites (1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy phenyl)-ethanone-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside, rutin) from the ethyl acetate (ET) fractions of Morus macroura Miq. stems (S), leaves (L), and fruits (F). Their identification based on ultraviolet (UV), electron ionization (EI), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR data. In addition, profiling of ET fractions using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) resulted in the identification of 82 compounds belonging to different classes, mainly polyphenolic constituents. Chemical profiling as well as molecular docking directed us to biological evaluation. Interestingly, the ET-L fraction exhibited a robust cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HELA cell lines. Also, it displayed a neuromodulatory activity against cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats by ameliorating the neurobehavioral dysfunction visualized in the open field and Y-maze test and modulating the neurochemical parameters such as brain amino acid levels (glutamate, aspartate, serine, and histidine), oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and purinergic cell energy (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)). In conclusion, the isolated compounds (kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside) from the ET-L fraction could serve as potent anticancer agents due to their strong antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ibrahim Hamdan
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Menoufia
University, Shibin
Elkom 32511, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Morsi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba Muhammed Ali Khalil
- Department
of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Riham Adel El-Shiekh
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr el Aini
Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Manal AbdElaziz Nael
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Elissawy
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Ahirwar A, Meignen G, Jahir Khan M, Sirotiya V, Scarsini M, Roux S, Marchand J, Schoefs B, Vinayak V. "Light modulates transcriptomic dynamics upregulating astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus: A review". BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125707. [PMID: 34371336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green alga that can accumulate high astaxanthin content, a commercially demanding market keto food. Due to its high predicted market value of about 3.4 billion USD in 2027, it is essential to increase its production. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the genetic mechanism and gene expressions profile during astaxanthin synthesis. The effect of poly- and mono-chromatic light of different wavelengths and different intensities have shown to influence the gene expression towards astaxanthin production. This includes transcriptomic gene analysis in H. pluvialis underneath different levels of illumination stress. This review has placed the most recent data on the effects of light on bioastaxanthin production in the context of previous studies, which were more focused on the biochemical and physiological sides. Doing so, it contributes to delineate new ways along the biotechnological process with the aim to increase bioastaxanthin production while decreasing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Gurvan Meignen
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Matteo Scarsini
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Sylvain Roux
- BIO-CONCEPT Scientific, 12 rue de l'Europe, F-14220 Tournebu, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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Genetic variations and epigenetic modulations in CYP genes: Implications in NSAID-treatment of arthritis patients. THE NUCLEUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Jideani AIO, Silungwe H, Takalani T, Omolola AO, Udeh HO, Anyasi TA. Antioxidant-rich natural fruit and vegetable products and human health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1866597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afam I. O. Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
- Postharvest-Handling Group, ISEKI-Food Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry Silungwe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Thakhani Takalani
- Univen Centre for Continuing Education, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Omolola
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Henry O Udeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Tonna A Anyasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Han H, Lim JW, Kim H. Astaxanthin Inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced Inflammatory and Oncogenic Responses in Gastric Mucosal Tissues of Mice. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:244-251. [PMID: 33409257 PMCID: PMC7783239 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.4.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. The chronic exposure of gastric epithelium to H. pylori induces a prolonged inflammatory state that may progress to gastric cancer. Astaxanthin, a pinkish antioxidant carotenoid, abundant in marine organisms, is known for its protective effect against inflammation and multiple types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of astaxanthin on H. pylori-induced oxidative injury, inflammation, and oncogene expression in gastric mucosal tissues of the infected mice. Mice were inoculated using oral gavage with H. pylori suspension (108 colony forming unit of H. pylori/0.1 mL) for three days, after which they were fed astaxanthin-supplemented diet (5 mg/kg body weight/day for seven weeks). The effects of astaxanthin on H. pylori-induced increase in lipid peroxide (LPO) production, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, expression of the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and oncogenes (c-myc and cyclin D1), and the accompanying histologic changes in gastric mucosal tissues were evaluated. H. pylori infection increased the level of LPO, MPO activity, and the expression of IFN-γ, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in gastric mucosal tissues of mice. H. pylori infection induced neutrophil infiltration and hyperplasia of gastric mucosa. Astaxanthin supplementation attenuated these effects. In conclusion, consumption of astaxanthin-rich foods may prevent H. pylori-associated oxidative damage and inflammatory and oncogenic responses in gastric mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwana Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Niu J, Zhao W, Lu DQ, Xie JJ, He XS, Fang HH, Liao SY. Dual-Function Analysis of Astaxanthin on Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus) and Its Role in the Regulation of Gastrointestinal Immunity and Retinal Mitochondrial Dysfunction Under Hypoxia Conditions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:568462. [PMID: 33335485 PMCID: PMC7736049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.568462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential mechanisms of astaxanthin in the regulation of gastrointestinal immunity and retinal mitochondrial function of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Triplicate groups of juvenile T. ovatus (mean initial weight: 6.03 ± 0.01 g) were fed one of six diets (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6) for 8 weeks, with each diet containing various concentrations of astaxanthin (0, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, or 0.1%, respectively). Growth performance of fish fed the D2–D5 diets was higher than that of fish fed the D1 diet; however, growth performance and survival of fish deteriorated sharply in fish fed the D6 diet. Gut villus in fish fed the D2–D5 diets were significantly longer and wider than that of fish fed the D6 diet. Feeding with D2–D5 diets led to increased abundance of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Oceanobacillus, Lactococcus, Halomonas, Lactobacillus, and Psychrobacter while abundance of Vibrio and Bacterium decreased. Additionally, feeding with the D6 diet resulted in a sharp decline in Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus abundance and a sharp increase in Vibrio abundance. A low dissolved oxygen environment (DO, 1.08 mg/L) was conducted for 10 h after the rearing trial. No fish mortality was observed for any of the diet treatments. Lysozyme (LZY) activity in fish fed the D6 diet decreased sharply and was significantly lower than that in other groups. ROS production also decreased sharply in fish fed the D6 diet. Moreover, the conjunctiva and sclera in the fish fed the D6 diet were indistinguishable. Suitable dietary astaxanthin supplementation levels (0.005–0.1%) exerting a neuroprotective effect from low dissolved oxygen environments is due to up-regulated expression of anti-apoptotic factors, such as phosphorylated Bcl-2-associated death promoter (pBAD), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK-3β), Bcl-2 extra large (Bcl-xL), and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) pro-apoptotic factor in retinas. Furthermore, suitable dietary astaxanthin levels (0.0005–0.01%) suppressed up-regulation of critical mitochondrial components, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), while excessive astaxanthin supplementation produces the opposite effect. In brief, high-dose astaxanthin arouses and aggravates low dissolved oxygen-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal disorder, retinal apoptosis, and retinal mitochondrial dysfunction in T. ovatus. Second-degree polynomial regression of WG indicated that the optimum dietary astaxanthin for juvenile T. ovatus is 0.049%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Shu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Hang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mularczyk M, Michalak I, Marycz K. Astaxanthin and other Nutrients from Haematococcus pluvialis-Multifunctional Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E459. [PMID: 32906619 PMCID: PMC7551667 DOI: 10.3390/md18090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds of natural origin are gaining increasing popularity. High biological activity and bioavailability, beneficial effects on health and safety of use are some of their most desirable features. Low production and processing costs render them even more attractive. Microorganisms have been used in the food, medicinal, cosmetic and energy industries for years. Among them, microalgae have proved to be an invaluable source of beneficial compounds. Haematococcus pluvialis is known as the richest source of natural carotenoid called astaxanthin. In this paper, we focus on the cultivation methods of this green microalga, its chemical composition, extraction of astaxanthin and analysis of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. H. pluvialis, as well as astaxanthin can be used not only for the treatment of human and animal diseases, but also as a valuable component of diet and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
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12
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Baker DA. Plants against Helicobacter pylori to combat resistance: An ethnopharmacological review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e00470. [PMID: 32477900 PMCID: PMC7248673 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is regarded as the major etiological agent of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Claiming about 50 percent of the world population is infected with H. pylori while therapies for its eradication have failed because of many reasons including the acquired resistance against its antibiotics. Hence, the need to find new anti-H.pylori medications has become a hotspot with the urge of searching for alternative, more potent and safer inhibitors. In the recent drug technology scenario, medicinal plants are suggested as repositories for novel synthetic substances. Hitherto, is considered as ecofriendly, simple, more secure, easy, quick, and less toxic traditional treatment technique. This review is to highlight the anti-H. pylori medicinal plants, secondary metabolites and their mode of action with the aim of documenting such plants before they are effected by cultures and traditions that is expected as necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Babin A, Motreuil S, Teixeira M, Bauer A, Rigaud T, Moreau J, Moret Y. Origin of the natural variation in the storage of dietary carotenoids in freshwater amphipod crustaceans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231247. [PMID: 32294101 PMCID: PMC7159244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are diverse lipophilic natural pigments which are stored in variable amounts by animals. Given the multiple biological functions of carotenoids, such variation may have strong implications in evolutionary biology. Crustaceans such as Gammarus amphipods store large amounts of these pigments and inter-population variation occurs. While differences in parasite selective pressure have been proposed to explain this variation, the contribution of other factors such as genetic differences in the gammarid ability to assimilate and/or store pigments, and the environmental availability of carotenoids cannot be dismissed. This study investigates the relative contributions of the gammarid genotype and of the environmental availability of carotenoids in the natural variability in carotenoid storage. It further explores the link of this natural variability in carotenoid storage with major crustacean immune parameters. We addressed these aspects using the cryptic diversity in the amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum and a diet supplementation protocol in the laboratory. Our results suggest that natural variation in G. fossarum storage of dietary carotenoids results from both the availability of the pigments in the environment and the genetically-based ability of the gammarids to assimilate and/or store them, which is associated to levels of stimulation of cellular immune defences. While our results may support the hypothesis that carotenoids storage in this crustacean may evolve in response to parasitic pressure, a better understanding of the specific roles of this large pigment storage in the crustacean physiology is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Babin
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sébastien Motreuil
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Maria Teixeira
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Bauer
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Moreau
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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14
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Liu YH, Alimujiang A, Wang X, Luo SW, Balamurugan S, Yang WD, Liu JS, Zhang L, Li HY. Ethanol induced jasmonate pathway promotes astaxanthin hyperaccumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121720. [PMID: 31271916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a main biological resource for the antioxidant astaxanthin production, however, potential modulators and molecular mechanisms underpinning astaxanthin accumulation remain largely obscured. We discovered that provision of ethanol (0.4%) significantly triggered the cellular astaxanthin content up to 3.85% on the 4th day of treatment. Amongst, 95% of the accumulated astaxanthin was esterified, particularly enriched with monoesters. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that ethanol altered cell wall structure and physiological properties. Antioxidant analyses revealed that astaxanthin accumulation offset the ethanol induced oxidative stress. Ethanol treatment reduced carbohydrates while increased lipids and jasmonic acid production. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered that ethanol orchestrated the expression of crucial genes involved in carotenogenesis, e.g. PSY, BKT and CRTR-b were significantly upregulated. Moreover, methyl jasmonic acid synthesis was induced and played a major role in regulating the carotenogenic genes. The findings uncovered the novel viewpoint in the intricate transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of astaxanthin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Adili Alimujiang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shan-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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15
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Babin A, Moreau J, Moret Y. Storage of Carotenoids in Crustaceans as an Adaptation to Modulate Immunopathology and Optimize Immunological and Life-History Strategies. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800254. [PMID: 31566782 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Why do some invertebrates store so much carotenoids in their tissues? Storage of carotenoids may not simply be passive and dependent on their environmental availability, as storage variation exists at various taxonomic scales, including among individuals within species. While the strong antioxidant and sometimes immune-stimulating properties of carotenoids may be beneficial enough to cause the evolution of features improving their assimilation and storage, they may also have fitness downsides explaining why massive carotenoid storage is not universal. Here, the functional and ecological implications of carotenoid storage for the evolution of invertebrate innate immune defenses are examined, especially in crustaceans, which massively store carotenoids for unclear reasons. Three testable hypotheses about the role of carotenoid storage in immunological (resistance and tolerance) and life-history strategies (with a focus on aging) are proposed, which may ultimately explain the storage of large amounts of these pigments in a context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Babin
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Moreau
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France
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Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves
the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several
plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In
the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This
field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural
origin and less side effects.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available
knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties.
Methods:
The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR,
ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were
used to retrieve available published literature.
Results:
A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with
antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties
that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present
study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either
the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties.
Conclusion:
This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the
treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators
to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As
sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended
for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical
structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial
preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations
for the better status of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minky Mukhija
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, India
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Physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, and histological evaluation of new naproxen-quercetin co-lyophilizate to diminish drug-induced gastric irritations in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:413-421. [PMID: 30976186 PMCID: PMC6438786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonoid found in several plants and commonly distributed in edible vegetables and fruits. To evaluate the effect of co-lyophilization of naproxen (NPX) with QUE at different weight ratios on physicochemical characteristics induced gastric irritation, and drug pharmacokinetics. NPX binary systems with QUE in different weight ratios were prepared by freeze-drying alkalinized solutions, and were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties as well as NPX dissolution rate in acidic pH. NPX-induced gastric inflammation studies were carried out in rats for 7 days. The pharmacokinetics of the two formulations were assessed to evaluate the bioavailability of NPX-QUE 1:2 co-lyophilizate. Westar rats were administered oral doses equivalent to 40 mg kg−1 of NPX and blood samples were taken from the retro-orbital vein of rats at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 12.0, and 24.0 h post dosing. Co-lyophilization of NPX with QUE enhanced drug dissolution rate in the acidic medium, which was correlated with an increased QUE weight ratio in the co-lyophilizates. Rat stomachs from group V (NPX-QUE 1:2 co-lyophilizate) showed non-significant changes, and biopsies from this group showed no significant leukocyte infiltration and edema in the mucosa. The bioavailability of NPX-QUE 1: 2 co-lyophilizate was similar to the control sample. NPX-QUE 1: 2 co-lyophilizate could be an alternative to NPX in the treatment of arthritis as it minimizes the potential for gastric irritation and enhances safety while retaining the same efficacy and bioavailability.
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18
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Ahmad MH, Fatima M, Hossain M, Mondal AC. Evaluation of naproxen-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and in-vivo genotoxicity in male Wistar rats. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:400-406. [PMID: 30595947 PMCID: PMC6308023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naproxen (NP), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is used for the treatment of common pain, inflammation and tissue damage. Genotoxicity testing of NP is of prime importance as it represents the largest group of drugs to which humans are exposed. Not many genotoxic studies are reported on NP; therefore, the present study investigated the detailed genotoxic and oxidative stress properties of NP. Male Wistar rats were administered NP orally at the doses of 38.91 and 65.78 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities/levels were measured in the liver, kidney and brain tissues. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels were measured in the liver tissues. Micronucleus frequency (micronucleus test MNT) and DNA damage (comet assay) were performed in the bone marrow cells and leukocytes, respectively. The results showed that NP treatment decreased the GSH levels and increased the SOD, CAT, LPO, ALT, AST, ALP and TBIL activities/levels compared to the control (p < 0.05). Results of MNT showed an increased micronucleus induction and comet assay showed a significant increase in DNA damage in the NP treated animals (p < 0.05). Treatment of NP resulted in the biochemical imbalance and induced oxidative stress that deteriorated the integrity of the cells, which caused significant damage to the genetic material and affected liver function in male Wistar rats. Therefore, NP is a potential genotoxic agent that induces genotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mobarak Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
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19
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Yang S, Yan T, Zhao L, Wu H, Du Z, Yan T, Xiao Q. Effects of temperature on activities of antioxidant enzymes and Na+/K+-ATPase, and hormone levels in Schizothorax prenanti. J Therm Biol 2018; 72:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Effects of Astaxanthin on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4625932. [PMID: 29226138 PMCID: PMC5687128 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4625932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High plasma level of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) has been consistently associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis (AS); thus, HDL-C is considered to be an antiatherogenic lipoprotein. The development of novel therapies to enhance the atheroprotective properties of HDL may have the possibility of further reducing the residual AS risk. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is believed to be a primary atheroprotective activity of HDL, which has been shown to promote the efflux of excess cholesterol from macrophage-derived foam cells via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and then transport it back to the liver for excretion into bile and eventually into the feces. In the current study, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin on RCT and AS progression in mice. The results showed that short- and long-term supplementation of astaxanthin promote RCT in C57BL/6J and ApoE−/− mice, respectively. Moreover, astaxanthin can relieve the plaque area of the aortic sinus and aortic cholesterol in mice. These findings suggest that astaxanthin is beneficial for boosting RCT and preventing the development of AS.
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El-Agamy SE, Abdel-Aziz AK, Wahdan S, Esmat A, Azab SS. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment (Chemobrain) in Experimental Rat Model: Impact on Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Apoptotic Machineries. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5727-5740. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dhinaut J, Balourdet A, Teixeira M, Chogne M, Moret Y. A dietary carotenoid reduces immunopathology and enhances longevity through an immune depressive effect in an insect model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12429. [PMID: 28963510 PMCID: PMC5622072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunopathology corresponds to self-damage of the inflammatory response, resulting from oxidizing molecules produced when the immune system is activated. Immunopathology often contributes to age-related diseases and is believed to accelerate ageing. Prevention of immunopathology relies on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the consumption of dietary antioxidants, including carotenoids such as astaxanthin. Astaxanthin currently raises considerable interest as a powerful antioxidant and for its potential in alleviating age-related diseases. Current in vitro and short-term in vivo studies provide promising results about immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. However, to what extent dietary supplementation with astaxanthin can prevent long-term adverse effects of immunopathology on longevity is unknown so far. Here, using the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, as biological model we tested the effect of lifetime dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on longevity when exposed to early life inflammation. While supplementation with astaxanthin was found to lessen immunopathology cost on larval survival and insect longevity, it was also found to reduce immunity, growth rate and the survival of non immune-challenged larvae. This study therefore reveals that astaxanthin prevents immunopathology through an immune depressive effect and can have adverse consequences on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dhinaut
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aude Balourdet
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Maria Teixeira
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Manon Chogne
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
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Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic potential of zinc-ibuprofen and zinc-naproxen complexes in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:653-663. [PMID: 28536986 PMCID: PMC5671550 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of numerous indications and high availability, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly prescribed and used medicines in the world. However, long-term therapy with and improper use of NSAIDs may lead to gastrointestinal damage. Therefore, improving the therapeutic index of the existing drugs has become a priority over the past decades. Considerable attention in the field has been concentrated on metal complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of complexation with zinc on the anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects of ibuprofen and naproxen after single and triple intragastric administration to rats. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed in carrageenan-induced inflammatory edema in the hind paw of male albino Wistar rats. The mucosal lesions were inspected and evaluated for gross pathology. Single administration of both the investigated complexes, namely zinc-ibuprofen and zinc-naproxen (20 mg/kg equivalent to ibuprofen and naproxen, respectively) and their parent drugs and physical mixtures with zinc hydroaspartate (ZHA doses: 16.05 and 14.37 mg/kg), caused a significant reduction of the edema after the same time from the carrageenan injection in comparison to the control groups. However, no statistically significant differences between the investigated drugs were observed after their single administration. The mean ulceration score for the mixture of ibuprofen and ZHA was statistically lower than the mean score achieved in rats after treatment with ibuprofen alone. On the other hand, triple intragastric administration of the ZHA-ibuprofen and ZHA-naproxen combination showed substantial enhancement of the anti-inflammatory activity against control groups, as well as against the parent NSAIDs. The most potent anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated after 2 h from the carrageenan injection in animals receiving ZHA together with naproxen. The edema growth was reduced in these animals by 80.9% as compared to the control group. This result was significantly higher than the results achieved in animals receiving zinc-naproxen (50.2%) or naproxen alone (47.9%). Both NSAID complexes with zinc and mixtures with ZHA alleviated ulcerations caused by parent NSAIDs; however, the mixtures of both ibuprofen and naproxen with ZHA after triple administration were the least damaging. In view of the above results, zinc supplementation during NSAID therapy may have a beneficial effect on ulcer prevention and healing by reducing the effective dose of the parent drug and increasing its potency.
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El-Meligy RM, Awaad AS, Soliman GA, Kenawy SA, Alqasoumi SI. Prophylactic and curative anti-ulcerogenic activity and the possible mechanisms of action of some desert plants. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:387-396. [PMID: 28344494 PMCID: PMC5357099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activities and the possible mechanisms of action of seven desert plants from different families. Conyza dioscoridis (L.) Desf. (Asteraceae), Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorpiaceae), Origanum syriacum L., Salvia lanigera L. (Lamiaceae), Sisymbrium irio L., Solanum nigrum Linn. (Solanaceae) and Solenostemma arghel (Del.) Hayne. (Asclepiadaceae), were tested using prophylactic and curative models of absolute ethanol-induced ulcer, at three doses (125, 250 & 500 mg/kg) of each extract. The investigated extracts possessed dose dependent anti-ulcerogenic activities in both models, with LD50 higher than 5 g/kg. The most effective extracts were C. dioscoridis and S. irio with percent protection of control ulcer; 91.1% and 85.4% respectively. The antisecretory activity of both C. dioscoridis and S. irio appears to be mainly related to the suppression of gastrin release. The in vitro potential radical (DPPH) scavenging activities of the investigated extracts were well supported with the reduction in gastric MDA (50.6% and 43.3%) and enhancing the level of reduced GSH (2.84, 2.59 mg/g tissue) for C. dioscoridis and S. irio respectively. In addition, suppression of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α may be one of the possible mechanisms of action. The alcohol extracts of C. dioscoridis and S. irio showed no alteration on liver and kidney functions. Phytochemical screening of the investigated extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and sterols which could be related to the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M El-Meligy
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani S Awaad
- Department Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Soliman
- Pharmacology Dept., College of Pharmacy, Al-Kharj University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa A Kenawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Saleh I Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Nicolau LA, Carvalho NS, Pacífico DM, Lucetti LT, Aragão KS, Véras LM, Souza MH, Leite JR, Medeiros JVR. Epiisopiloturine hydrochloride, an imidazole alkaloid isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus leaves, protects against naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:188-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Grimmig B, Kim SH, Nash K, Bickford PC, Douglas Shytle R. Neuroprotective mechanisms of astaxanthin: a potential therapeutic role in preserving cognitive function in age and neurodegeneration. GeroScience 2017; 39:19-32. [PMID: 28299644 PMCID: PMC5352583 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a carotenoid with multiple health benefits. It is currently marketed as a health supplement and is well known for its antioxidant capacity. Recent evidence has emerged to suggest a broad range of biological activities. The interest in this compound has increased dramatically over the last few years and many studies are now applying this molecule across many disease models. Results from the current research are beginning to come together to suggest neuroprotective properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects, as well as the potential to promote or maintain neural plasticity. These emergent mechanisms of actions implicate AXT as a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease. This review will examine and extrapolate from the recent literature to build support for the use of AXT in mitigating neuropathy in normal aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Grimmig
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Seol-Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- James A Haley VA Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - R Douglas Shytle
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Abstract
Peptic ulcers are open sores or erosions in the lining of either the duodenum (duodenal ulcers) or the stomach (gastric ulcers). Peptic ulcer, which is mainly caused by bacterial attack or excess of acid secretion, can be cured effectively by these isolated plant compounds. In this present scenario, demand for herbal medicines are increasing due to easy availability in surrounding place at low cost. This review article is all about such isolated plant compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Various plants have been used as folk medicine by the people of rural area, which shows significant effect against peptic ulcer. Further study should be conducted upon these herbal plants because there is possibility for minimising the adverse effect caused by the present antiulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Jain
- a Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya , Koni, Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh 495009 , India
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Babin A, Saciat C, Teixeira M, Troussard JP, Motreuil S, Moreau J, Moret Y. Limiting immunopathology: Interaction between carotenoids and enzymatic antioxidant defences. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:278-281. [PMID: 25524820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) during the inflammatory response generates damages to host tissues, referred to as immunopathology, and is an important factor in ecological immunology. The integrated antioxidant system, comprising endogenous antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase SOD, and catalase CAT) and dietary antioxidants (e.g. carotenoids), helps to cope with immune-mediated oxidative stress. Crustaceans store large amounts of dietary carotenoids for yet unclear reasons. While being immunostimulants and antioxidants, the interaction of these pigments with antioxidant enzymes remains unclear. Here, we tested the interaction between dietary supplementation with carotenoids and immune challenge on immune defences and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, in the amphipod crustacean Gammarus pulex. Dietary supplementation increased the concentrations of circulating carotenoids and haemocytes in the haemolymph, while the immune response induced the consumption of circulating carotenoids and a drop of haemocyte density. Interestingly, supplemented gammarids exhibited down-regulated SOD activity but high CAT activity compared to control ones. Our study reveals specific interactions of dietary carotenoids with endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and further underlines the potential importance of carotenoids in the evolution of immunity and/or of antioxidant mechanisms in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babin
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - C Saciat
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - M Teixeira
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - J-P Troussard
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - S Motreuil
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - J Moreau
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Y Moret
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Uzun B, Atli O, Perk BO, Burukoglu D, Ilgin S. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of naproxen sodium and meloxicam in male rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:415-29. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114542886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitors have generally been used in short-term pain management and also to treat inflammation chronically. It is known that COX enzyme and prostaglandins play important roles in the regulation of reproductive functions in females. However, there are relatively few studies for the male reproductive system, and the results of these studies are contradictory. In this study, sperm count and motility, COX-1, COX-2, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels in testis tissue, plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels, and histopathological examination of testis tissue were evaluated after naproxen sodium and meloxicam administration in male rats. Also, testis superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured to investigate the oxidation status. According to our results, sperm count and motility were significantly decreased in treatment groups. Plasma hormone levels did not show any statistical differences between the groups. COX-1, PGE2, and PGF2α levels were significantly decreased, while the decreases in COX-2 and PGE1 levels did not show any significance statistically. Testis SOD, catalase, GPx, and GSH levels were decreased significantly. According to the results of histopathological examination, damage in seminiferous tubules, where spermatogenesis developed, was observed. In conclusion, naproxen sodium and meloxicam decreased the sperm count and motility and also induced the damage of seminiferous tubules as a direct effect without affecting plasma hormone levels in our study. The mechanism of the reproductive toxicity induced by these agents may be based on the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and the induction of oxidative stress can be emphasized as a secondary factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - O Atli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - BO Perk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - D Burukoglu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - S Ilgin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Thombre NA, Gide PS. Floating-bioadhesive gastroretentiveCaesalpinia pulcherrima-based beads of amoxicillin trihydrate forHelicobacter pylorieradication. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:405-19. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.916766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Anthocyanins accelerate the healing of naproxen-induced gastric ulcer in rats by activating antioxidant enzymes via modulation of Nrf2. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ambati RR, Phang SM, Ravi S, Aswathanarayana RG. Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications--a review. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:128-52. [PMID: 24402174 PMCID: PMC3917265 DOI: 10.3390/md12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 968] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently much interest in biological active compounds derived from natural resources, especially compounds that can efficiently act on molecular targets, which are involved in various diseases. Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β, β'-carotene-4,4'-dione) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, contained in Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, and Phaffia rhodozyma. It accumulates up to 3.8% on the dry weight basis in H. pluvialis. Our recent published data on astaxanthin extraction, analysis, stability studies, and its biological activities results were added to this review paper. Based on our results and current literature, astaxanthin showed potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models. These studies emphasize the influence of astaxanthin and its beneficial effects on the metabolism in animals and humans. Bioavailability of astaxanthin in animals was enhanced after feeding Haematococcus biomass as a source of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin, used as a nutritional supplement, antioxidant and anticancer agent, prevents diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, and also stimulates immunization. Astaxanthin products are used for commercial applications in the dosage forms as tablets, capsules, syrups, oils, soft gels, creams, biomass and granulated powders. Astaxanthin patent applications are available in food, feed and nutraceutical applications. The current review provides up-to-date information on astaxanthin sources, extraction, analysis, stability, biological activities, health benefits and special attention paid to its commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Rao Ambati
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Sarada Ravi
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Response surface methodology for ultrasound-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1644-55. [PMID: 23697948 PMCID: PMC3707165 DOI: 10.3390/md11051644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a novel carotenoid nutraceutical occurring in many crustaceans and red yeasts. It has exhibited various biological activities including prevention or amelioration of cardiovascular disease, gastric ulcer, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed for the effective extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Some parameters such as extraction solvent, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time were optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were 48.0% ethanol in ethyl acetate, the liquid-to-solid ratio was 20:1 (mL/g), and extraction for 16.0 min at 41.1 °C under ultrasound irradiation of 200 W. Under optimal conditions, the yield of astaxanthin was 27.58 ± 0.40 mg/g. The results obtained are beneficial for the full utilization of Haematococcus pluvialis, which also indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a very useful method for extracting astaxanthin from marine life.
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Silva RO, Santana APM, Carvalho NS, Bezerra TS, Oliveira CB, Damasceno SRB, Chaves LS, Freitas ALP, Soares PMG, Souza MHLP, Barbosa ALR, Medeiros JVR. A sulfated-polysaccharide fraction from seaweed Gracilaria birdiae prevents naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats. Mar Drugs 2013; 10:2618-33. [PMID: 23342384 PMCID: PMC3528114 DOI: 10.3390/md10122618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red seaweeds synthesize a great variety of sulfated galactans. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLSs) from seaweed are comprised of substances with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the PLS fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (control group—vehicle) or PLS (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily (at 09:00 and 21:00) for 2 days. After 1 h, naproxen (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were killed on day two, 4 h after naproxen treatment. The stomachs were promptly excised, opened along the greater curvature, and measured using digital calipers. Furthermore, the guts of the animals were removed, and a 5-cm portion of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was used for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the stomach and the small intestine were used for histological evaluation, morphometric analysis and in assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against gastrointestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan O. Silva
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
| | - Ana Paula M. Santana
- LAFICA—Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil; (A.P.M.S.); (P.M.G.S.); (M.H.L.P.S.)
| | - Nathalia S. Carvalho
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
| | - Talita S. Bezerra
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
| | - Camila B. Oliveira
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
| | - Samara R. B. Damasceno
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
| | - Luciano S. Chaves
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60455-760, Brazil; (L.S.C.); (A.L.P.F.)
| | - Ana Lúcia P. Freitas
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60455-760, Brazil; (L.S.C.); (A.L.P.F.)
| | - Pedro M. G. Soares
- LAFICA—Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil; (A.P.M.S.); (P.M.G.S.); (M.H.L.P.S.)
| | - Marcellus H. L. P. Souza
- LAFICA—Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil; (A.P.M.S.); (P.M.G.S.); (M.H.L.P.S.)
| | - André Luiz R. Barbosa
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
| | - Jand-Venes R. Medeiros
- LAFFEX—Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (R.O.S.); (N.S.C.); (T.S.B.); (C.B.O.); (S.R.B.D.); (A.L.R.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-86-99862374/+55-86-33234750; Fax: +55-86-33235406
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Awaad AS, El-Meligy RM, Soliman GA. Natural products in treatment of ulcerative colitis and peptic ulcer. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mohod SM, Bodhankar SL. Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel against naproxen induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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McCarty MF. Dietary nitrate and reductive polyphenols may potentiate the vascular benefit and alleviate the ulcerative risk of low-dose aspirin. Med Hypotheses 2012; 80:186-90. [PMID: 23265354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent revelation that daily low-dose aspirin not only lowers risk for vascular events, but also can notably decrease risk for a range of adenocarcinomas, decreasing total cancer mortality by about 20%, makes it highly desirable to implement this protective strategy on a population-wide basis. Nonetheless, the fact that low-dose aspirin approximately doubles risk for serious gastrointestinal bleeding may impede health authorities from recommending its use by people judged to be at low cardiovascular risk. Nitric oxide (NO) exerts gastroprotective effects by boosting blood flow and mucus production in the gastric mucosa - effects which demonstrably oppose the pro-ulcerative impact of aspirin and other NSAIDs. A nitrate-rich diet, as well as ingestion of reductive catechol-bearing polyphenols, can collaborate in promoting NO generation in gastric juice, and they are protective in rodent models of gastric ulceration. Moreover, a high-nitrate diet, as well as certain reductive polyphenols such as epicatechin and quercetin, can exert platelet-stabilizing effects complementary to those of aspirin, and act in other ways to preserve vascular health. Hence, diets rich in nitrate and reductive polyphenols have the potential to amplify the vascular-protective benefits of low-dose aspirin, while diminishing its pro-ulcerative risk. Low-dose aspirin may be more unequivocally recommendable within the context of such a dietary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- NutriGuard Research, 1051 Hermes Ave., Encinitas, CA 92024, United States.
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Inoue M, Tanabe H, Matsumoto A, Takagi M, Umegaki K, Amagaya S, Takahashi J. Astaxanthin functions differently as a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ modulator in adipocytes and macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:692-700. [PMID: 22732454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX), an oxygenated carotenoid (xanthophyll), has previously been shown to exert ameliorative effects on obesity and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms were not clearly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether ASX serves as a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ modulator. Analyses of PPARγ binding by CoA-BAP assays revealed that ASX bound to PPARγ in a dose-dependent manner. However, ASX was unable to activate transcription in PPARγ reporter assays, although it antagonized transcriptional activation by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ). When the molecular interactions between PPARγ and three coactivators were examined, ASX increased the interactions of PPARγ with transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2) and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), but not cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP). In addition, ASX effectively blocked the increase in CBP recruitment to PPARγ mediated by RGZ. ASX alone did not stimulate 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, although it antagonized 3T3-L1 cell differentiation and lipid accumulation induced by RGZ, similar to the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. When the effects of cotreatment of 3T3-L1 cells with ASX and RGZ were determined based on the mRNA levels of PPARγ target genes, ASX effectively reduced the mRNA levels of aP2 and lipoprotein lipase, but not CD36. Intriguingly, ASX was capable of inducing PPARγ target genes such as liver X receptor, CD36 and ABCA1 in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, the present findings indicate that ASX is a novel selective PPARγ modulator that acts as an antagonist or agonist depending on the cell context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Inoue
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Kim BS, Lee D, Lee SJ, Yoo SH, Chang HI. Antiulcer activity of anthocyanins from Rubus coreanus via association with regulation of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11786-11793. [PMID: 21942741 DOI: 10.1021/jf104192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins were extracted from the fruits of Rubus coreanus. Whether their antioxidant properties and antiulcer activity in gastric ulceration have been accompanied by the activation of matrix metalloproteainse-2 (MMP-2) was investigated. To assess the effect of anthocyanins on gastric ulcer, the rats were administered with anthocyanins (20, 50, and 80 mg/kg of body weight) before treatment with naproxen (80 mg/kg of body weight) to induce gastric ulceration. Lipid peroxidation and the activities of radical scavenging enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined. The MMP-2 level was tested by zymography and Western blot. Anthocyanins of R. coreanus exhibit possible antiulcer activity in acute ulcer in a rat model by preventing lipid peroxidation and a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Also, anthocyanins induce activation of MMP-2 and attenuate the activity of the proinflammatory molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Chang MJ, Choi HD, Youn YK, Kim JT, Oh JM, Shin WG. Protective effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin on oxidative stress in healthy smokers. J Med Food 2011; 14:1469-75. [PMID: 21883001 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals induced by cigarette smoking have been strongly linked to increased oxidative stress in vivo, contributing to the pathobiology of various diseases. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin (ASX), which has been known to be a potent antioxidant, on oxidative stress in smokers. Thirty-nine heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes/day) and 39 non-smokers were enrolled in this study. Smokers were randomly divided into three dosage groups to receive ASX at doses of 5, 20, or 40 mg (n=13, each) once daily for 3 weeks. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, isoprostane, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity, and ASX levels in plasma were measured at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment. Compared with baseline, the plasma malondialdehyde and isoprostane levels decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase level and total antioxidant capacity increased in all ASX intervention groups over the 3-week period. In particular, isoprostane levels showed a significant dose-dependent decrease after ASX intake. The results suggest that ASX supplementation might prevent oxidative damage in smokers by suppressing lipid peroxidation and stimulating the activity of the antioxidant system in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmaceutical Education and Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Effect of anthocyanins on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in naproxen-induced gastric ulcers. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1792-801. [PMID: 21733337 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451100242x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause gastric ulceration through a number of mechanisms including inhibition of PG synthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of apoptosis. Recently, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been suggested to play a crucial role in these mechanisms. The present study investigated the protective effect of anthocyanins isolated from black rice bran (Heugjinjubyeo) against naproxen-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The oral administration of anthocyanins (5, 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight) showed significant protection against naproxen (80 mg/kg body weight)-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa. In addition, pretreatment with anthocyanins resulted in a significant increase in the activities of radical-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Also biochemical and zymographic analyses suggested that the administration of anthocyanins gives a significant protection against naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcer through scavenging ROS and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. The results of intracellular radical activation show that anthocyanins suppress the generation of intracellular ROS and attenuate the suppression of MMP-2 activity by naproxen. These results suggest that anthocyanins extracted from black rice may offer potential remedy of gastric antral ulceration.
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Kim JH, Nam SW, Kim BW, Choi W, Lee JH, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Astaxanthin improves stem cell potency via an increase in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5109-19. [PMID: 21614195 PMCID: PMC3100832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the question of whether or not astaxanthin improves stem cell potency via an increase in proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Treatment with astaxanthin significantly increased proliferation and colony formation of NPCs. For identification of possible activated signaling molecules involved in active cell proliferation occurring after astaxanthin treatment, total protein levels of several proliferation-related proteins, and expression levels of proliferation-related transcription factors, were assessed in NPCs. In Western blot analysis, astaxanthin induced significant activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream mediators in a time-dependent manner. Results of RT-PCR analysis showed upregulation of proliferation-related transcription factors and stemness genes. To estimate the relevance of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) signaling pathways in cell growth of astaxanthin-treated NPCs, inhibition assays were performed with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, and PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK, respectively. These results clearly showed that astaxanthin induces proliferation of NPCs via activation of the PI3K and MEK signaling pathways and improves stem cell potency via stemness acting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (B.-W.K.); (W.C.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Soo-Wan Nam
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (B.-W.K.); (W.C.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Department of Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.-W.N.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-850-7413; Fax: +82-51-853-4036
| | - Byung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (B.-W.K.); (W.C.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Woobong Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (B.-W.K.); (W.C.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Department of Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (B.-W.K.); (W.C.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Department of Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea; E-Mail: (W.-J.K.)
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (B.-W.K.); (W.C.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.-W.N.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-850-7413; Fax: +82-51-853-4036
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Yuan JP, Peng J, Yin K, Wang JH. Potential health-promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high-value carotenoid mostly from microalgae. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:150-65. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kim JH, Nam SW, Kim BW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Astaxanthin improves the proliferative capacity as well as the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential in neural stem cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1741-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chairmandurai AR, Kanappa SV, Vadrevu KM, Putcha UK, Venkatesan V. Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor Alleviates Gastric Antral Ulcer Induced by Naproxen: A Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug. Gastroenterology Res 2010; 3:125-133. [PMID: 27942290 PMCID: PMC5139766 DOI: 10.4021/gr2010.05.199w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the effect (s) of recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor (rhEGF) on naproxen induced gastric ulcer in Wistar NIN rats. METHODS Male Wistar NIN rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: Group I - Control, Group II - Naproxen treated, Group III - Naproxen with rhEGF/7 days, Group IV - Naproxen without rhEGF/7 days, Group V - Naproxen with rhEGF/14 days, and Group VI - Naproxen without rhEGF/14 days. Gastric ulcer was induced with naproxen at a concentration of 80 mg/kg by oral administration. After 24 hours of induction of ulcer, rhEGF treatment was started at a concentration of 100 µg/kg. Ulcer presence and healing were confirmed by histopathology study and molecular markers. RESULTS Naproxen per se induced gastric antral ulcers in Wistar NIN rats. Compared with control rats, naproxen induced rats had increased lipid peroxide content in serum. Subsequent decrease in lipid peroxide was observed in rhEGF treated groups. Treatment with rhEGF significantly resulted in healing of the ulcers, which was evident by 7 days of rhEGF treatment with total healing seen by 14 days. Significant increase in immunoreactivity for Cox-2 was observed when compared to control groups, whereas less immunoreactivity of Cox-2 was observed in rhEGF treated group. Compared with control group, naproxen induced group exhibited more gene expression of both Cox-2 and TGF beta while gene expression of Cox-2 and TGF beta in rhEGF group was comparable to control group. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of rhEGF in the management of ulcer healing can be understood. Oral rhEGF can promote healing of the rats with gastric ulcer by stimulating Cox-2 and TGF-beta expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Raja Chairmandurai
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Vellimedu Kanappa
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Vadrevu
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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The present perspective of astaxanthin with reference to biosynthesis and pharmacological importance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nishigaki I, Rajendran P, Venugopal R, Ekambaram G, Sakthisekaran D, Nishigaki Y. Cytoprotective role of astaxanthin against glycated protein/iron chelate-induced toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytother Res 2010; 24:54-9. [PMID: 19548280 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX), a red carotenoid pigment with no pro-vitamin A activity, is a biological antioxidant that occurs naturally in a wide variety of plants, algae and seafoods. This study investigated whether ASX could inhibit glycated protein/iron chelate-induced toxicity in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by interfering with ROS generation in these cells. Glycated fetal bovine serum (GFBS) was prepared by incubating fetal bovine serum (FBS) with high-concentration glucose. Stimulation of cultured HUVECs with 50 mm 1 mL of GFBS significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of phase II enzymes. However, preincubation of the cultures with ASX resulted in a marked decrease in the level of lipid peroxide (LPO) and an increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in an ASX concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that ASX could inhibit LPO formation and enhance the antioxidant enzyme status in GFBS/iron chelate-exposed endothelial cells by suppressing ROS generation, thereby limiting the effects of the AGE-RAGE interaction. The results indicate that ASX could have a beneficial role against glycated protein/iron chelate-induced toxicity by preventing lipid and protein oxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Nishigaki
- NPO International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166 Uchide, Nakagawa-ku Nagoya 454-0926, Japan.
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Astaxanthin intervention ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and early hepatocarcinogenesis in rat: Role of Nrf2, p53, p38 and phase-II enzymes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 696:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Augusti PR, Conterato GMM, Somacal S, Sobieski R, Quatrin A, Maurer L, Rocha MP, Denardin IT, Emanuelli T. Astaxanthin Reduces Oxidative Stress, but not Aortic Damage in Atherosclerotic Rabbits. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2009; 14:314-22. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248409350136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether carotenoid astaxanthin (ASX) could prevent oxidative and atherosclerotic damage in rabbits. Rabbits received regular chow (control) or an atherogenic diet (1% cholesterol) alone or supplemented with 50, 100, and 500 mg% ASX for 60 days (n = 5-9 per group). The atherogenic diet increased the serum cholesterol levels and the ratio of the intima/media area in the aortic arch. These changes were not prevented by ASX. Atherosclerotic rabbits showed increased aortic lipid peroxidation and nonprotein thiol group (NPSH) levels along with inhibition of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). All ASX doses attenuated lipid peroxidation and the increase in NPSH but not the inhibition of GSH-Px. Aortic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities were enhanced in atherosclerotic rabbits. Although all ASX doses prevented the increase in SOD activity, only 100 and 500 mg% ASX prevented the increase in CAT activity. Furthermore, these same doses partially prevented the increase in TrxR activity, while 50 mg% ASX completely prevented the effects of the atherogenic diet on this enzyme. However, ASX did not attenuate the hypercholesterolemia or the atherosclerotic lesions caused by the atherogenic diet at any of the doses evaluated. Our results indicate that although ASX did not prevent hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic lesions, it could play a beneficial role by preventing lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Augusti
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Greicy M. M. Conterato
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Alimentary Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rocheli Sobieski
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Alimentary Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréia Quatrin
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Alimentary Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Maurer
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Alimentary Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta P. Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ione T. Denardin
- Polytechnical School, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil,
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Tripathi D, Jena G. Intervention of astaxanthin against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage: A study in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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