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Behavioral Despair Is Blocked by the Flavonoid Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) in a Rat Model of Surgical Menopause. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020587. [PMID: 36677645 PMCID: PMC9862461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Women have a high susceptibility to the negative effects of stress. Hormonal changes experienced throughout their reproductive life partially contribute to a higher incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms, particularly, during natural or surgical menopause. In preclinical research, the flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) exerts anxiolytic- and anti-despair-like effects; however, it is unknown whether chrysin exerts a protective effect against the behavioral changes produced by acute stress on locomotor activity and behavioral despair in rats at 12-weeks post-ovariectomy. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were assigned to eight groups: vehicle group (10% DMSO), three groups with chrysin and three groups with the same dose of allopregnanolone (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg), and one group with diazepam (2 mg/kg). The treatments were administered for seven consecutive days and the effects were evaluated in the locomotor activity and swimming tests. Chrysin (2 mg/kg) increased the latency to first immobility and decreased the total immobility time in the swimming test as the reference drugs allopregnanolone and diazepam (2 mg/kg); while locomotor activity prevented the behavioral changes produced by swimming. In conclusion, chrysin exerts a protective effect against the behavioral changes induced by acute stress, similarly to the neurosteroid allopregnanolone and the benzodiazepine diazepam in rats subjected to a surgical menopause model.
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Emre-Aydingoz S, Lux KM, Efe OE, Topcu DI, Erdem SR. Effect of rosuvastatin on spatial learning, memory, and anxiety-like behaviour in ovariectomized rats. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3268-3276. [PMID: 35993621 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of rosuvastatin (Ros) on cognitive function and anxiety-like behaviour in ovariectomized rats were evaluated. Eighteen female Wistar rats (218-310 g, 6-8 months old) were allocated into sham (n = 6), ovariectomy (Ovx, n = 6) or Ovx + Ros (up to eighth week n = 6, then n = 4) groups. Ros was administered at 20 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 12 weeks. Behavioural tests were performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks following Ovx. At 12 weeks, Ovx group had significantly longer escape latency than the sham group at the first day of the four-day training period of the Morris Water Maze test (p < .01). In the Elevated Plus Maze test, Ovx group spent significantly more time in the closed arms than the sham group (p < .01), and this anxiety-like behavioural effect of Ovx was prevented by 12-weeks Ros treatment (p < .05). In conclusion, Ros prevents memory deficit and anxiety-like behaviour in the ovariectomized rats, a model for human surgical menopause. Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Reduced levels of oestrogen in surgical postmenopausal period has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Although statins have been shown to improve cognitive function in experimental and clinical studies, there are limited studies evaluating the effect of statins on the cognitive decline and anxiety-like behaviour associated with surgical menopause.What do the results of this study add? Rosuvastatin, a long-acting statin, prevents learning and memory deficit and anxiety-like behaviour in the ovariectomized rat model.What are the implications of these findings for future clinical practice and/or future clinical research? These findings will form the basis for further experimental and clinical research on the effects of statins on cognitive functions and anxiety-like behaviour in the surgical menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Emre-Aydingoz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Karl Michael Lux
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ekin Efe
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ilhan Topcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saban Remzi Erdem
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodríguez-Landa JF. Considerations of Timing Post-ovariectomy in Mice and Rats in Studying Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors Associated With Surgical Menopause in Women. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:829274. [PMID: 35309685 PMCID: PMC8931748 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.829274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cueto-Escobedo J, Andrade-Soto J, Lima-Maximino M, Maximino C, Hernández-López F, Rodríguez-Landa JF. Involvement of GABAergic system in the antidepressant-like effects of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) in ovariectomized rats in the forced swim test: comparison with neurosteroids. Behav Brain Res 2020; 386:112590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ammari M, Othman H, Rtibi K, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. The Effects of Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) on Emotional Behavior Impairment and Metabolic Disorders Induced by Estrogen Deficiency in Rats. J Med Food 2020; 23:961-966. [PMID: 31971850 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) contains a wide variety of polyphenols with high antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extract of carob pods (AECP) on emotional behavior impairments and metabolic disorders in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: group 1, control non-OVX rats; group 2, OVX rats; and group 3, OVX rats orally treated with AECP (500 mg/kg) for15 days after ovariectomy. Elevated plus-maze and open-field tests were performed on the 26th and 27th post-ovariectomy days, respectively. Afterwards, the rats were anesthetized and their serums were collected for biochemical analysis. We found that AECP improved emotional behavior impairments revealed by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests in OVX rats. Moreover, ovariectomy significantly increased triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the serum. AECP administration significantly reversed ovariectomy-induced biochemical alterations. Thus, we suggest that the AECP may have an anxiolytic-like effect and prevent biochemical disorders associated with menopause or ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ammari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Othman
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Puga-Olguín A, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Rovirosa-Hernández MDJ, Germán-Ponciano LJ, Caba M, Meza E, Guillén-Ruiz G, Olmos-Vázquez OJ. Long-term ovariectomy increases anxiety- and despair-like behaviors associated with lower Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septal nucleus in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 360:185-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Xu K, Li P, Miao Y, Dong N, Zhang J, Wei S, Li S, Cao F. Effects of ovarian hormones on emotional behaviors in dopamine D3 receptor knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 198:11-17. [PMID: 30292827 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormones reportedly have beneficial effects on affective behaviors. However, the functions of ovarian hormones in neurotransmitter signaling must be identified to understand their role in anxiety and depression. Several studies have provided evidence of the relationship between ovarian hormones and the dopaminergic system, but the interaction between ovarian hormones and dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of DRD3 in the anxiety-like and depression-like behavioral changes induced by estrogen and progesterone. We subjected D3 receptor knockout (D3KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to a series of behavioral tests. Mice were ovariectomized 4 weeks before testing, and we randomly administered 17β-estradiol (E2, 0.2 mg/kg), progesterone (P4, 10 mg/kg), E2 (0.2 mg/kg) plus P4 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH, corn oil, 0.2 ml) subcutaneously daily for 9 consecutive days, starting 4 days before the testing day. On the testing day, the mice were injected 30 min prior to behavioral testing. Compared with WT mice in the same treatment group, D3KO mice displayed hyperactivity in the light-dark box test (LDBT) but lower activity in the open field test (OFT). In addition, D3KO mice but not their WT littermates showed behavioral changes after E2 treatment compared with those after VEH treatment in the LDBT only. In depression tests, D3KO-VEH mice displayed significantly longer immobility times than did WT-VEH mice. In addition, only D3KO mice exhibited an obvious decrease in immobility time after E2 and P4 administration. These results indicate that the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ovarian hormones can be influenced by DRD3 expression and that DRD3 knockout may induce varying sensitivities to ovarian hormones that depend on various factors, including test paradigms and experiences in animal models. Our research provides a novel insight, i.e., DRD3 may play a role in the efficacy of hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Miao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Dong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-López F, Cueto-Escobedo J, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Bernal-Morales B, Romero-Avendaño E. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) exerts anxiolytic-like effects through GABAA receptors in a surgical menopause model in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2387-2395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Fatemi I, Delrobaee F, Bahmani M, Shamsizadeh A, Allahtavakoli M. The effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on behavioral manifestations associated with ovariectomy in mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:95-98. [PMID: 30321576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic drug metformin (Met) effects on the anxiety and cognitive impairment in ovariectomized mice. Thirty-two female adult mice were distributed into four groups: control, sham ovariectomy, ovariectomy + Met 7 mg/kg and ovariectomy + Met 15 mg/kg. The vaginal cytology was used to confirm the ovariectomy surgery. Anxiety was monitored using elevated plus maze test and cognitive function was assessed by novel object recognition task. Animal's brains were analyzed for the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our results demonstrated that ovariectomy caused cognitive impairments and anxiety, as well as decreased BDNF levels. Moreover, administration of Met improves ovariectomy-related disorders such as cognitive impairments and anxiety, as well as increased BDNF levels. The results of the present study suggest that Met could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ovariectomy-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Fatemi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Delrobaee
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmani
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Fatemi I, Heydari S, Kaeidi A, Shamsizadeh A, Hakimizadeh E, Khaluoi A, Allahtavakoli M. Metformin ameliorates the age-related changes of d
-galactose administration in ovariectomized mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Fatemi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Sara Heydari
- Student Research Committee; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Elham Hakimizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Amin Khaluoi
- Student Research Committee; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
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The Phytoestrogen Genistein Produces Similar Effects as 17 β-Estradiol on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats at 12 Weeks after Ovariectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9073816. [PMID: 29226152 PMCID: PMC5684542 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9073816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phytoestrogen genistein produces anxiolytic-like effects in ovariectomized rats, which highlights its potential therapeutic effect in ameliorating anxiety in surgical menopausal women. However, no studies have directly compared the effects of identical doses of genistein and 17β-estradiol, the main estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women. The present study evaluated the anxiolytic-like effects of identical doses of genistein and 17β-estradiol (0.045, 0.09, and 0.18 mg/kg/7 days, s.c.) in a surgical menopause model in rats in the elevated plus maze and locomotor activity tests at 12 weeks after ovariectomy. Additionally, the participation of estrogen receptor-β in the anxiolytic-like effect of genistein and 17β-estradiol was explored by previous administration of the 5 mg/kg tamoxifen antagonist. Genistein and 17β-estradiol (0.09 and 0.18 mg/kg) similarly reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and also increased the time spent grooming and rearing, without affecting crossing in locomotor activity test. These effects were blocked by tamoxifen. Present results indicate that the phytoestrogen genistein has a similar behavioral profile as 17β-estradiol in rats at 12 weeks after ovariectomy through action at the estrogen receptor-β. Thus genistein has potential for reducing anxiety-like behavior associated with low concentrations of ovarian hormones, which normally occurs during natural and surgical menopause.
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Arfa-Fatollahkhani P, Nahavandi A, Abtahi H, Anjidani S, Borhani S, Jameie SB, Shabani M, Mehrzadi S, Shahbazi A. The Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Reducing Agent on Anxiety and Novel Object Recognition Memory in Gonadectomized Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8:113-119. [PMID: 28539995 PMCID: PMC5440920 DOI: 10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood disorders such as anxiety and depression are common following menopause and andropause. Lack of sex steroid hormones is suggested as the primary cause of these disturbances. The level of luteinizing hormone (LH) would also rise 3-4 times than normal in these people. The potential effects of LH on mood and cognitive symptoms following menopause and andropause are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased LH on novel object discrimination (NOD) memory and anxiety like behavior in gonadectomized rats. METHODS Four-month-old male and female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (in each sex): control rats (Cont), gonadectomized without treatment (GnX), gonadectomized treated with triptorelin, a GnRH agonist which reduces LH release eventually, (GnX+Tr), gonadectomized treated with triptorelin plus sex steroid hormone, estradiol in female and testosterone in male rats (GnX+Tr+S/T). After 4 weeks treatment, anxiety score (elevated plus maze) and NOD were measured. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, and P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS Gonadectomy increased anxiety like behaviors (decrease of presence time in the open arms) in female rats (P=0.012), but not in male ones (P=0.662). Additionally, triptorelin alone reduced the increased anxiety score in gonadectomized female rats, compared to group treated with both triptorelin and estradiol. Furthermore, it was shown that gonadectomy and or treatment with triptorelin and sex steroids had no significant effect on novel object recognition memory in both female (P=0.472) and male rats (P=0.798). CONCLUSION Findings of this study revealed that increased level of LH following menopause or andropause should be considered as a possible cause for increased anxiety. Also, this study showed that LH reducing agents would reduce anxiety like behavior in gonadectomized female rats. The effect of increased LH on cognitive functions such as novel object recognition memory was not evident in this study and needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Arfa-Fatollahkhani
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Nahavandi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abtahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Anjidani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Borhani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnam Jameie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fedotova J, Pivina S, Sushko A. Effects of Chronic Vitamin D₃ Hormone Administration on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Female Rats after Long-Term Ovariectomy. Nutrients 2017; 9:E28. [PMID: 28054941 PMCID: PMC5295072 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present preclinical study was created to determine the therapeutic effects of vitamin D hormone treatment as an adjunctive therapy alone or in a combination with low dose of 17β-estradiol (17β-E₂) on anxiety-like behavior in female rats with long-term absence of estrogen. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg subcutaneously, SC, once daily, for 14 days) on the anxiety-like state after long-term ovariectomy in female rats. Twelve weeks postovariectomy, cholecalciferol was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-E₂ (0.5 µg/rat SC, once daily, for 14 days). Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light/dark test (LDT), and locomotor and grooming activities were tested in the open field test (OFT). Cholecalciferol at two doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg alone or in combination with 17β-E₂ produced anxiolytic-like effects in OVX rats as evidenced in the EPM and the LDT, as well as increased grooming activity in the OFT. Our results indicate that cholecalciferol, at two doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, has a profound anxiolytic-like effects in the experimental rat model of long-term estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Tores pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia.
- International Research Centre, Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova str., Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Pivina
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Sushko
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
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Raghavan NS, Chen H, Schipma M, Luo W, Chung S, Wang L, Redei EE. Prepubertal Ovariectomy Exaggerates Adult Affective Behaviors and Alters the Hippocampal Transcriptome in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:373. [PMID: 29403433 PMCID: PMC5786888 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that affects twice as many women than men postpuberty. This female bias is thought to be caused by greater heritability of MDD in women and increased vulnerability induced by female sex hormones. We tested this hypothesis by removing the ovaries from prepubertal Wistar Kyoto (WKY) more immobile (WMI) females, a genetic animal model of depression, and its genetically close control, the WKY less immobile (WLI). In adulthood, prepubertally ovariectomized (PrePubOVX) animals and their Sham-operated controls were tested for depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, using the routinely employed forced swim and open field tests, respectively, and RNA-sequencing was performed on their hippocampal RNA. Our results confirmed that the behavioral and hippocampal expression changes that occur after prepubertal ovariectomy are the consequences of an interaction between genetic predisposition to depressive behavior and ovarian hormone-regulated processes. Lack of ovarian hormones during and after puberty in the WLIs led to increased depression-like behavior. In WMIs, both depression- and anxiety-like behaviors worsened by prepubertal ovariectomy. The unbiased exploration of the hippocampal transcriptome identified sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the strains and treatment groups. The relatively small number of hippocampal DEGs resulting from the genetic differences between the strains confirmed the genetic relatedness of these strains. Nevertheless, the differences in DEGs between the strains in response to prepubertal ovariectomy identified different molecular processes, including the importance of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated mechanisms, that may be causative of the increased depression-like behavior in the presence or absence of genetic predisposition. This study contributes to the understanding of hormonal maturation-induced changes in affective behaviors and the hippocampal transcriptome as it relates to genetic predisposition to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S. Raghavan
- The Asher Center for the Study & Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Matthew Schipma
- Next-Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wendy Luo
- The Asher Center for the Study & Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah Chung
- The Asher Center for the Study & Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eva E. Redei
- The Asher Center for the Study & Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Eva E. Redei,
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Mahmoud R, Wainwright SR, Chaiton JA, Lieblich SE, Galea LA. Ovarian hormones, but not fluoxetine, impart resilience within a chronic unpredictable stress model in middle-aged female rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:278-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Blaustein JD, Ismail N, Holder MK. Review: Puberty as a time of remodeling the adult response to ovarian hormones. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:2-8. [PMID: 26004504 PMCID: PMC4654988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During pubertal development, an animal's response to stress changes and sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior continue. We discovered that particular stressors, such as shipping from suppliers or an immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide, during the prolonged pubertal period of female mice result in long-term changes in behavioral responsiveness of the brain to estradiol assessed in adulthood. All behaviors influenced by estradiol and/or progesterone that we have studied are compromised by a stressor during pubertal development. Depending on the behavior, immune challenge or shipping from suppliers during pubertal development decreases, eliminates, or even reverses the effects of estradiol. Shipping during this period causes changes in the number of estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in key brain areas suggesting one cellular mechanism for this remodeling of the brain's response to hormones. We suggest that particular adverse experiences in girls may cause long-term alterations in the brain's response to estradiol and/or progesterone via activation of the immune system. This in turn could lead to an alteration in any aspect of mental health that is influenced by estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Blaustein
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA.
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA.
| | - Mary K Holder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA.
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17
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Ortiz-Pérez A, Espinosa-Raya J, Picazo O. An enriched environment and 17-beta estradiol produce similar pro-cognitive effects on ovariectomized rats. Cogn Process 2016; 17:15-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10339-015-0746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Holder MK, Blaustein JD. Puberty and adolescence as a time of vulnerability to stressors that alter neurobehavioral processes. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:89-110. [PMID: 24184692 PMCID: PMC3946873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Puberty and adolescence are major life transitions during which an individual's physiology and behavior changes from that of a juvenile to that of an adult. Here we review studies documenting the effects of stressors during pubertal and adolescent development on the adult brain and behavior. The experience of complex or compound stressors during puberty/adolescence generally increases stress reactivity, increases anxiety and depression, and decreases cognitive performance in adulthood. These behavioral changes correlate with decreased hippocampal volumes and alterations in neural plasticity. Moreover, stressful experiences during puberty disrupt behavioral responses to gonadal hormones both in sexual performance and on cognition and emotionality. These behavioral changes correlate with altered estrogen receptor densities in some estrogen-concentrating brain areas, suggesting a remodeling of the brain's response to hormones. A hypothesis is presented that activation of the immune system results in chronic neuroinflammation that may mediate the alterations of hormone-modulated behaviors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Holder
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA; Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Blaustein
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA; Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA.
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19
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Blaustein JD, Ismail N. Enduring influence of pubertal stressors on behavioral response to hormones in female mice. Horm Behav 2013; 64:390-8. [PMID: 23998680 PMCID: PMC3761225 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and Adolescence". The pubertal period is a time of change in an animal's response to stress, and it is a second period of sexual differentiation of the brain. Recently, it was discovered that particular stressors during the prolonged pubertal period of female mice result in enduring changes in behavioral responsiveness of the brain to estradiol and progesterone. Depending on the behavior, pubertal immune challenge or shipping from suppliers may decrease, eliminate, or even reverse the effects of estradiol. Pubertal immune challenge results in changes in the number of estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in key brain areas suggesting a cellular mechanism for this remodeling of the brain's response to hormones. A hypothesis is put forward that predicts that particular adverse experiences in girls may cause long-term alterations in the brain's response to estradiol and/or progesterone via activation of the immune system. This could lead to mood disorders or altered response to any behavior influenced by estradiol in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Blaustein
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, MA 01003-9271, USA.
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20
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Daendee S, Thongsong B, Kalandakanond-Thongsong S. Effects of time of estrogen deprivation on anxiety-like behavior and GABAA receptor plasticity in ovariectomized rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 246:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Behavioural actions of two new 1-N substituted analogues of melatonin. Behav Brain Res 2013; 236:148-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Estrada-Camarena E, López-Rubalcava C, Hernández-Aragón A, Mejía-Mauries S, Picazo O. Long-term ovariectomy modulates the antidepressant-like action of estrogens, but not of antidepressants. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1365-77. [PMID: 21890587 DOI: 10.1177/0269881111408456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Controversial results related to effectiveness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to alleviate depression are frequently reported. The discrepancies could be related to (a) time when ERT is initiated after the beginning of menopause and/or (b) type of estrogen used. Furthermore, estrogens modulate the antidepressant effect of different compounds; therefore, the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs could also depend on the menopausal status. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the time after estrogen decline can influence antidepressant-like effects of two estrogens and/or two antidepressants. Thus, the antidepressant-like actions of 17β-estradiol (E(2)), 17α-ethynyl-estradiol (EE(2)), fluoxetine (FLX) and desipramine (DMI) were studied at different periods (1, 3 and 12 weeks) after ovariectomy (OVX), using the forced swimming test (FST). Results showed that OVX increased depressive-like behavior only 1 week after OVX. The antidepressant-like actions of E(2), but not those of EE(2), were cancelled 12 weeks after OVX. Conversely, antidepressant-like actions of FLX and DMI were observed at 1, 3 and 12 weeks after OVX. In conclusion, while the antidepressant-like effects of estrogens depended on the time at which treatment is initiated after OVX as well as on the estrogenic compound used, antidepressant-like effects of FLX and DMI were not blocked by OVX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría 'Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz', Mexico City, Mexico.
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23
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Olesen KM, Ismail N, Merchasin ED, Blaustein JD. Long-term alteration of anxiolytic effects of ovarian hormones in female mice by a peripubertal immune challenge. Horm Behav 2011; 60:318-26. [PMID: 21722643 PMCID: PMC3166431 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that exposure to some stressors, such as shipping or immune challenge with the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), during the peripubertal period reduces sexual receptivity in response to ovarian hormones in adulthood. We hypothesized that a peripubertal immune challenge would also disrupt the response of a non-reproductive behavior, anxiety-like behavior, to ovarian hormones in adulthood. Female C57Bl/6 mice were injected with LPS during the peripubertal period and tested for anxiety-like behavior in adulthood, following ovariectomy and ovarian hormone treatment. Treatment with estradiol followed by progesterone reduced anxiety-like behavior in control, but not LPS-treated females. We next determined if the disruptive effect of LPS on adult behavior were limited to the peripubertal period by treating mice with LPS either during this period or in adulthood. LPS treatment during the peripubertal period disrupted the anxiolytic effect of ovarian hormones, whereas treatment in adulthood did not. We further tested if this model of peripubertal immune challenge was applicable to an outbred strain of mice (CD-1). Similar to C57Bl/6 mice, LPS treatment during the peripubertal period, but not later, disrupted the anxiolytic effect of estradiol and progesterone. These data suggest that a peripubertal immune challenge disrupts the regulation of anxiety-like behavior by ovarian hormones in a manner that persists at least for weeks after the termination of the immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Olesen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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24
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Short- and long-term treatment with estradiol or progesterone modifies the expression of GFAP, MAP2 and Tau in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Life Sci 2011; 89:123-8. [PMID: 21683086 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We analyzed the effects of the short- and long-term administration of estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4) after ovariectomy on the expression of MAP2, Tau and GFAP in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. MAIN METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized and immediately treated with E2 or P4 for 2 or 18 weeks. At the end of treatments, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were excised, proteins were extracted and MAP2, Tau and GFAP were analyzed by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS MAP2 and Tau content was not modified by E2 in the prefrontal cortex. On the contrary, P4 decreased MAP2 content after a short-term treatment, while it increased that of MAP2 and TAU in this brain region after a long-term treatment. E2 increased MAP2 content in hippocampus. In this region, short-term administration of P4 increased that of MAP2. GFAP content was diminished after a long-term administration of P4 in hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Current data emphasize the importance of short- and long-term sex steroid treatment on neuronal and glial cytoskeletal proteins expression.
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25
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Walf AA, Frye CA. Estradiol reduces anxiety- and depression-like behavior of aged female mice. Physiol Behav 2009; 99:169-74. [PMID: 19804793 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of the ovarian steroid, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), for affective behavior have been reported in young individuals, but less is known about the effects of E(2) among older individuals, and the capacity of older individuals to respond to E(2) following its decline. In the present study, the effects of acute E(2) administration to aged mice for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors were investigated. Intact female C57BL/6 mice (N=18) that were approximately 24 months old were administered vehicle (sesame oil, n=9) or E(2) (10 microg, n=9) subcutaneously 1h prior to behavioral testing. Mice were tested for anxiety-like behavior (open field, elevated plus maze, mirror chamber, light-dark transition task, Vogel conflict task) and depression-like behavior (forced swim task). To assess the role of general motor behavior and coordination in these aged mice, performance in an activity monitor and rotarod task, and total entries made in tasks (open field, elevated plus maze, light-dark transition task) were determined. Mice administered E(2), compared to vehicle, demonstrated anti-anxiety behavior in the open field, mirror chamber, and light-dark transition task, and anti-depressive-like behavior in the forced swim task. E(2) also tended to have anti-anxiety effects in the elevated plus maze and Vogel task compared to vehicle administration, but these effects did not reach statistical significance. E(2) did not alter motor behavior and/or coordination in the activity monitor, open field, or rotarod tasks. Thus, an acute E(2) regimen produced specific anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects, independent of effects on motor behavior, when administered to aged female C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Walf
- Department of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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26
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Walf AA, Paris JJ, Frye CA. Chronic estradiol replacement to aged female rats reduces anxiety-like and depression-like behavior and enhances cognitive performance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34:909-16. [PMID: 19216030 PMCID: PMC2696690 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Decline in the ovarian steroid, estradiol (E(2)), with the menopause transition may influence cognitive and affective processing of older women and there is evidence that hormone replacement therapies (HRTs) with E(2)-mimetics may provide benefit in some, but not all, women. The parameters that play a role in determining whether the response to HRTs is positive are of interest. It may be that the likelihood for positive responses is related to the timing of E(2)-replacement following E(2) decline. As such, in the present study an animal model was utilized to investigate this. We investigated the effects of long- versus short-term E(2)-replacement by examining cognitive (object placement task), anxiety (open field, mirror maze, light-dark transition task), and depression (forced swim task) behavior of female rats that were ovariectomized (OVX) at middle-age (14 months) or older (19 months) and implanted with E(2)-filled implants at the time of surgery or after a delay of 5 months, or OVX at 14 months of age and never replaced with E(2). Rats were tested at 20 months of age. The hypothesis that was tested was that rats would have reduced anxiety and depression behavior and improved cognitive performance with E(2)-replacement at ovarian cessation, compared to a delay in E(2)-replacement. Performance in the object placement task was improved in rats that were OVX and then received continuous E(2)-replacement, compared to those that were OVX and continuously administered placebo vehicle. In the open field and forced swim task, there was an increase in anti-anxiety and anti-depression behavior, respectively, among rats that were OVX and then received continuous E(2)-replacement, compared to OVX rats administered vehicle or those that experienced a delay in E(2)-replacement. In the mirror maze and light-dark transition task, E(2)-replacement at OVX, or after a delay, reduced anxiety-like behavior. Thus, E(2)-replacement reduced anxiety and depression behavior and improved cognitive performance of aged female rats; however, delay in E(2) treatment influenced whether there were favorable effects of E(2) in some tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheryl A. Frye
- Department of Psychology, Department of Biological Sciences, Centers for Neuroscience, Centers for Life Sciences Research
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27
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de Chaves G, Moretti M, Castro A, Dagostin W, da Silva G, Boeck C, Quevedo J, Gavioli E. Effects of long-term ovariectomy on anxiety and behavioral despair in rats. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:420-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-Figueroa JD, Hernández-Calderón BDC, Saavedra M. Anxiolytic-like effect of phytoestrogen genistein in rats with long-term absence of ovarian hormones in the black and white model. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:367-72. [PMID: 19168113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopause is mainly characterized by a reduction of ovarian hormones, which is accompanied by a major incidence of physical disorders and mood swings. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that phytoestrogens could be used to ameliorate these alterations associated with menopause. However, the phytoestrogen effects on anxiety in rats with long-term absence of ovarian hormones, is unknown. Consequently, in the present study the authors compared the anxiolytic-like effect of phytoestrogen genistein (0.25, 0.5 y 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in Wistar rats with 12-weeks postovariectomy in the black and white model and in the open field test, and it was compared with diazepam (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). In the black and white model, genistein (0.5 y 1.0 mg/kg) and diazepam reduced the latency to enter and increased the time spent into the white compartment; also, significantly increased frequency and time spent in exploration toward white compartment was seen, as compared with the control group (p<0.05). In the open field test, genistein and diazepam increased grooming and rearing, without significant changes in locomotor activity, as compared with the control group. In conclusion, phytoestrogen genistein produces an anxiolytic-like effect in Wistar rats with long-term absence of ovarian hormones in the black and white model, supporting the hypotheses that phytoestrogens could be used to ameliorate anxiety associated with menopause.
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29
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Treit D, Engin E, McEown K. Animal models of anxiety and anxiolytic drug action. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2009; 2:121-60. [PMID: 21309109 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2009_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of anxiety attempt to represent some aspect of the etiology, symptomatology, or treatment of human anxiety disorders, in order to facilitate their scientific study. Within this context, animal models of anxiolytic drug action can be viewed as treatment models relevant to the pharmacological control of human anxiety. A major purpose of these models is to identify novel anxiolytic compounds and to study the mechanisms whereby these compounds produce their anxiolytic effects. After a critical analysis of "face," "construct," and "predictive" validity, the biological context in which animal models of anxiety are to be evaluated is specified. We then review the models in terms of their general pharmacological profiles, with particular attention to their sensitivity to 5-HTIA agonists and antidepressant compounds. Although there are important exceptions, most of these models are sensitive to one or perhaps two classes of anxiolytic compounds, limiting their pharmacological generality somewhat, but allowing in depth analysis of individual mechanisms of anxiolytic drug action (e.g., GABAA agonism). We end with a discussion of possible sources of variability between models in response to 5-HTIA agonists and antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Treit
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, P-449 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9.
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30
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Hill MN, Karacabeyli ES, Gorzalka BB. Estrogen recruits the endocannabinoid system to modulate emotionality. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007; 32:350-7. [PMID: 17391861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen administration elicits anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in female rats; however, the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme which degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide, has been shown to be regulated by estrogen. Thus, we examined if the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of estrogen implicated the endocannabinoid system. In the first experiment, ovariectomized female rats were administered a single injection of 17beta-estradiol (10 microg) or oil, and 48 h later were given an injection of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle. One hour after AM251 or vehicle administration, subjects were tested in either the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) or the forced swim test (FST). Estradiol treatment resulted in a significant increase in open arm entries in the EPM and time spent in the center quadrant of the OFT, which were reversed by co-treatment with AM251, suggesting that endocannabinoids are integral to the anxiolytic effects of estrogen. No significant effects of estradiol or AM251 were seen in the FST. In the second experiment, administration of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) increased open arm entries in the EPM and time spent in the center quadrant in the OFT as well as significantly reduced immobility in the FST. Collectively, these data demonstrate that estrogen may elicit changes in emotional behavior through an endocannabinoid mechanism, and suggest that inhibition of FAAH represents a therapeutic target for anxiety and depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
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