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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Evaluation of the potential role of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate in rat striatum. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38828527 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a pesticide that severely alters nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission, inducing great increases in dopamine release from rat dorsal striatum. This GLY-induced striatal dopamine overflow occurs through mechanisms not yet fully understood, hence the interest in evaluating the role of other neurotransmitter systems in such effects. So, the main objective of this mechanistic study was to evaluate the possible mediation of the glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the GLY-induced in vivo dopamine release from rat dorsal striatum. The extracellular dopamine levels were measured by cerebral microdialysis and HPLC with electrochemical detection. Intrastriatal administration of GLY (5 mmol/L) significantly increased the dopamine release (1102%). Pretreatment with MK-801 (50 or 400 μmol/L), a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, significantly decreased the effect of GLY (by 70% and 74%, respectively), whereas AP-5 (400 μmol/L), a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, or CNQX (500 μmol/L), an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, had no significant effect. Administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L-nitroarginine (L-NAME, 100 μmol/L) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 100 μmol/L), also did not alter the effect of GLY on dopamine release. Finally, pretreatment of the animals with mecamylamine, an antagonist of nicotinic receptors, decreased the effect of GLY on dopamine release by 49%, whereas atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, had no significant effect. These results indicate that GLY-induced dopamine release largely depends on the activation of NMDA and nicotinic receptors in rat dorsal striatum. Future research is needed to determine the effects of this pesticide at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Costas-Ferreira
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lilian R F Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Faro LRF, Justo L, Gómez R, Durán R. Participation of glutamatergic and nitrergic systems in the striatal dopamine release induced by isatin, a MAO inhibitor. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4729-4739. [PMID: 34022091 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isatin is a biofactor with different biochemical and pharmacological properties whose effects attract much attention because it is an endogenous inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase in the brain. When exogenously administrated, isatin increases dopamine levels in intact and denervated striatum of rats, an effect that could indicate its potential as a therapeutic agent in Parkinson disease. However, the neurochemical mechanisms by which isatin increases dopamine in the striatum are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluate the role of the glutamatergic and nitrergic systems in the isatin-induced dopamine release from rat striatum. Our findings show that the intrastriatal administration of 10 mM isatin significantly increases the in vivo release of dopamine (1,104.7% ± 97.1%), and the amino acids glutamate (428.7% ± 127%) and taurine (221% ± 22%) from rat striatum measured by brain microdialysis. The pretreatment with MK-801 (500 µM) or AP5 (650 µM) (glutamatergic NMDA receptors antagonists) significantly reduces the effect of isatin on dopamine release by 52% and 70.5%, respectively. The administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L-NAME (100 µM) or 7-NI (100 µM) also decreases the isatin-induced dopamine release by 77% and 42%, respectively. These results show that isatin, in addition to increasing dopamine release, also increases glutamate levels, and possibly activates NMDA receptors and nitric oxide production, which can promote a further increase in the dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian R F Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Justo
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Zemba Cilic A, Zemba M, Cilic M, Balenovic I, Strbe S, Ilic S, Vukojevic J, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Kokot A, Drmic D, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts L-NAME-induced catalepsy. BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, NO-relation, in the suited rat acute and chronic models resembling 'positive-like' symptoms of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112919. [PMID: 32956773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the suited rat-models, we focused on the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME, NOS-inhibitor, and L-arginine, NOS-substrate, relation, the effect on schizophrenia-like symptoms. Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), BPC 157 (0.01), given alone and/or together, at 5 min before the challenge for the acutely disturbed motor activity (dopamine-indirect/direct agonists (amphetamine (3.0), apomorphine (2.5)), NMDA-receptor non-competitive antagonist (MK-801 (0.2)), or catalepsy, (dopamine-receptor antagonist haloperidol (2.0)). Alternatively, BPC 157 10 μg/kg was given immediately after L-NAME 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally. To induce or prevent sensitization, we used chronic methamphetamine administration, alternating 3 days during the first 3 weeks, and challenge after next 4 weeks, and described medication (L-NAME, L-arginine, BPC 157) at 5 min before the methamphetamine at the second and third week. Given alone, BPC 157 or L-arginine counteracted the amphetamine-, apomorphine-, and MK-801-induced effect, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and chronic methamphetamine-induced sensitization. L-NAME did not affect the apomorphine-, and MK-801-induced effects, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and chronic methamphetamine-induced sensitization, but counteracted the acute amphetamine-induced effect. In combinations (L-NAME + L-arginine), as NO-specific counteraction, L-NAME counteracts L-arginine-induced counteractions in the apomorphine-, MK-801-, haloperidol- and methamphetamine-rats, but not in amphetamine-rats. Unlike L-arginine, BPC 157 maintains its counteracting effect in the presence of the NOS-blockade (L-NAME + BPC 157) or NO-system-over-stimulation (L-arginine + BPC 157). Illustrating the BPC 157-L-arginine relationships, BPC 157 restored the antagonization (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157) when it had been abolished by the co-administration of L-NAME with L-arginine (L-NAME + L-arginine). Finally, BPC 157 directly inhibits the L-NAME high dose-induced catalepsy. Further studies would determine precise BPC 157/dopamine/glutamate/NO-system relationships and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zemba Cilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Zemba
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Balenovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Spomenko Ilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zoricic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Filipcic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Mello FD, Braidy N, Marçal H, Guillemin G, Nabavi SM, Neilan BA. Mechanisms and Effects Posed by Neurotoxic Products of Cyanobacteria/Microbial Eukaryotes/Dinoflagellates in Algae Blooms: a Review. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:153-167. [PMID: 28836116 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their ability to damage several tissues in humans. In particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Furthermore, other toxins such as anatoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin, nodularin and ciguatoxin also have a different range of effects on human tissues, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal irritation. However, the vast majority of known environmental toxins have not yet been examined in the context of neurodegenerative disease. This review aims to investigate whether neurotoxic mechanisms can be demonstrated in all aforementioned toxins, and whether there exists a link to neurodegeneration. Management of toxin exposure and potential neuroprotective compounds is also discussed. Collectively, all aforementioned microbial toxins are likely to exert some form of neuronal damage, with many of their modes of action consistent with neurodegeneration. This is important in advancing our current understanding of the cytotoxic potential of environmental toxins upon human brain function, particularly in the context of age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona D Mello
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helder Marçal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gilles Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology group, MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Cossenza M, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Domith ICL, Gladulich LFH, Encarnação TG, Calaza KC, Mendonça HR, Campello-Costa P, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Nitric oxide in the nervous system: biochemical, developmental, and neurobiological aspects. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 96:79-125. [PMID: 25189385 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a very reactive molecule, and its short half-life would make it virtually invisible until its discovery. NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels to activate PKGs. Although NO triggers several phosphorylation cascades due to its ability to react with Fe II in heme-containing proteins such as sGC, it also promotes a selective posttranslational modification in cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation, impacting on protein function, stability, and allocation. In the central nervous system (CNS), NO synthesis usually requires a functional coupling of nitric oxide synthase I (NOS I) and proteins such as NMDA receptors or carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of NOS (CAPON), which is critical for specificity and triggering of selected pathways. NO also modulates CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein), ERK, AKT, and Src, with important implications for nerve cell survival and differentiation. Differences in the regulation of neuronal death or survival by NO may be explained by several mechanisms involving localization of NOS isoforms, amount of NO being produced or protein sets being modulated. A number of studies show that NO regulates neurotransmitter release and different aspects of synaptic dynamics, such as differentiation of synaptic specializations, microtubule dynamics, architecture of synaptic protein organization, and modulation of synaptic efficacy. NO has also been associated with synaptogenesis or synapse elimination, and it is required for long-term synaptic modifications taking place in axons or dendrites. In spite of tremendous advances in the knowledge of NO biological effects, a full description of its role in the CNS is far from being completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cossenza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan C L Domith
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis F H Gladulich
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaísa G Encarnação
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Mendonça
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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6
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Campos F, Alfonso M, Durán R. In vivo modulation of α7 nicotinic receptors on striatal glutamate release induced by anatoxin-A. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:850-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Di Matteo V, Pierucci M, Benigno A, Esposito E, Crescimanno G, Di Giovanni G. Critical role of nitric oxide on nicotine-induced hyperactivation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal system: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010; 16:127-36. [PMID: 20345972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, stimulates dopamine (DA) function, increasing DA neuronal activity and DA release. DA is involved in both motor control and in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine; however, the complete understanding of its molecular mechanisms is yet to be attained. Substantial evidence indicates that the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, including nicotine, can be affected by the nitric oxide (NO) system, which may act by modulating central dopaminergic function. In this study, using single cell recordings in vivo coupled with microiontophoresis and microdialysis in freely moving animals, the role of NO signaling on the hyperactivation elicited by nicotine of the nigrostriatal system was investigated in rats. Nicotine induced a dose-dependent increase of the firing activity of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) DA neurons and DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) release in the striatum. Pharmacological manipulation of the NO system did not produce any change under basal condition in terms of neuronal discharge and DA release. In contrast, pretreatments with two NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors, N-omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) were both capable of blocking the nicotine-induced increase of SNc DA neuron activity and DA striatal levels. The effects of nicotine in l-NAME and 7-NI-pretreated rats were partially restored when rats were pretreated with the NO donor molsidomine. These results further support the evidence of an important role played by NO on modulation of dopaminergic function and drug addiction, thus revealing new pharmacological possibilities in the treatment of nicotine dependence and other DA dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Matteo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, CH, Italy
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MORIKAWA T, FURUHAMA K. Effects of the NMDA Receptor Antagonists on Deltamethrin-Induced Striatal Dopamine Release in Conscious Unrestrained Rats. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1129-32. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya MORIKAWA
- Division of the Veterinary Basic Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Academic Group, Iwate University
| | - Kazuhisa FURUHAMA
- Division of the Veterinary Basic Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Academic Group, Iwate University
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Campos F, Rellán S, Duran R, Gago A, Faro L, Alfonso M. Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro recovery rate of anatoxin-a through the microdialysis probe. Toxicon 2008; 52:817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jarema KA, Poling A, MacPhail RC. Effects of weekly exposure to anatoxin-a and nicotine on operant performance of rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2008; 30:220-7. [PMID: 18387783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of acute and weekly administration of anatoxin-a and nicotine on operant performance. Anatoxin-a is a potent nicotinic receptor agonist produced by cyanobacteria, which are found in fresh waters throughout the world. Anatoxin-a is a potential human health hazard and has been responsible for numerous deaths of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals. Remarkably little is known, however, about the effects of anatoxin-a on behavior. Nicotine, the psychomotor stimulant in tobacco, has many well-documented behavioral effects, which often diminish (i.e. tolerance develops) when it is given daily. Male Long Evans rats initially were trained to respond under a multiple variable-ratio 30-response variable-interval 60-s (mult VR-30 VI 60-s) schedule of food reinforcement. They were then divided into 12 groups of 8 that received four weekly subcutaneous injections of anatoxin-a (0.05-0.2 mg/kg), nicotine (0.125-1.8 mg/kg), or vehicle 5-min prior to testing. When initially administered, each compound decreased response rates and reinforcement rates in both components of the multiple schedule. Substantial tolerance developed to the disruptive effects of nicotine with weekly administration. Tolerance also developed to the effects of anatoxin-a, although to a lesser degree; the highest dose severely decreased performance with little evidence of recovery. In conjunction with prior findings, these results suggest the behavioral effects of anatoxin-a and nicotine are similar, but not identical, and that relatively infrequent (episodic) administration can produce tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jarema
- Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive B105-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Nowak P, Szczerbak G, Nitka D, Kostrzewa RM, Sitkiewicz T, Brus R. Effect of prenatal lead exposure on nigrostriatal neurotransmission and hydroxyl radical formation in rat neostriatum: dopaminergic-nitrergic interaction. Toxicology 2008; 246:83-9. [PMID: 18281141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2007] [Revised: 12/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the role of ontogenetic lead (Pb(2+)) exposure on a putative dopaminergic-nitrergic interaction in the nigrostriatal pathway. Pregnant Wistar rats were given tap water containing 250-ppm lead acetate, for the duration of pregnancy, with regular tap water (without Pb(2+)) being substituted at birth. Control rats were derived from dams that consumed tap water throughout pregnancy, and had no exposure to Pb(2+) afterwards. At 12 weeks after birth in vivo microdialysis of the neostriatum was employed to demonstrate that maternal Pb(2+) exposure was without effect on the baseline dopamine (DA) microdialysate concentration as well as amphetamine (AMPH, 1.0mg/kg i.p.)-evoked release of striatal DA. Also, prenatal Pb(2+) exposure did not enhance AMPH- and 7-nitroindazole (neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) (7-NI, 20mg/kg i.p.)-induced hydroxyl radical (HO) formation in the striatum, as indicated by analysis of the salicylate spin-trap product 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. However, in rats exposed prenatally to Pb(2+), the facilitatory effect of 7-NI on DA exocytosis was attenuated. On the basis of the current study we conclude that maternal Pb(2+) exposure distorts the dopaminergic-nitrergic interaction in the nigrostriatal pathway, but without involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, H. Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
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Devillers J, Doré JC, Guyot M, Poroikov V, Gloriozova T, Lagunin A, Filimonov D. Prediction of biological activity profiles of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 18:629-643. [PMID: 18038364 DOI: 10.1080/10629360701698704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade cyanobacteria have become an interesting source of new classes of pharmacologically active natural products. Some cyanobacterial secondary metabolites (CSMs) are also well known for their toxic effects on living species. The PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) computer program, which is able to simultaneously predict more than one thousand biological and toxicological activities from only the structural formulas of the chemicals, was used to predict the biological activity profile of 681 CSMs. Multivariate methods were employed to structure and analyse this wealth of biological and chemical information. PASS predictions were successfully compared to the available information on the pharmacological and toxicological activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Devillers
- CTIS, 3 Chemin de la Gravière, 69140 Rillieux La Pape, France.
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13
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Zarrindast MR, Asgari-Afshar A, Sahebgharani M. Morphine-induced antinociception in the formalin test: sensitization and interactions with D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and nitric oxide agents. Behav Pharmacol 2007; 18:177-84. [PMID: 17426481 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32813c5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of dopamine receptor antagonists and nitric oxide agents on morphine-induced sensitization in the formalin test in mice have been investigated. Repeated daily intraperitoneal administration of morphine (30 mg/kg for 3 days) followed by a 11-day wash out period increased morphine-induced antinociception in the formalin test, which may be due to sensitization. The antinociceptive response to higher doses of morphine (6 and 9 mg/kg) but not 3 mg/kg was significantly increased in sensitized animals compared with control groups. Pretreatment of animals with an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (4 mg/kg), during repeated administration of morphine, attenuated the morphine-induced sensitization. In the second part of the study, the animals received SCH23390 (D1 receptor antagonist), sulpiride (D2 receptor antagonist), L-Arg (nitric oxide precursor) and NG-nitro-L-Arg methylester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) during repeated morphine administration, to evaluate the role of dopamine receptor antagonists and nitric oxide agents in this phenomenon. Pretreatment of animals with NG-nitro-L-Arg methylester (20 mg/kg) and sulpiride (100 mg/kg) during morphine sensitization decreased the antinociceptive response to higher doses of morphine in the formalin test. It is concluded that D2 dopamine receptor and nitric oxide mechanisms may be involved at least partly in morphine-induced sensitization in the formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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