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Yapar G, Esra Duran H, Lolak N, Akocak S, Türkeş C, Durgun M, Işık M, Beydemir Ş. Biological effects of bis-hydrazone compounds bearing isovanillin moiety on the aldose reductase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105473. [PMID: 34768205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ALR2), one of the metabolically important enzymes, catalyzes the formation of sorbitol from glucose in the polyol pathway. ALR2 inhibition is required to prevent diabetic complications. In the present study, the novel bis-hydrazone compounds bearing isovanillin moiety (GY1-12) were synthesized, and various chromatographic methods were applied to purify the ALR2 enzyme. Afterward, the inhibitory effect of the synthesized compounds on the ALR2 was screened in vitro. All the novel bis-hydrazones demonstrated activity in nanomolar levels as AR inhibitors with IC50 and KI values in the range of 12.55-35.04 nM, and 13.38-88.21 nM, respectively. Compounds GY-11, GY-7, and GY-5 against ALR2 were identified as the highly potent inhibitors, respectively, and were superior to the standard drug, epalrestat. Moreover, a comprehensive ligand-receptor interactions prediction was performed using ADME-Tox, Glide XP, and MM-GBSA modules of Schrödinger Small-Molecule Drug Discovery Suite to elucidate the novel bis-hydrazone derivatives, potential binding modes versus the ALR2. As a result, these compounds with ALR2 inhibitory effects may be potential alternative agents that can be used to treat or prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Yapar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63290, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
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2
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Zhang J, Hu L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Luo Y, Peng Y, Han S, Pan B. Elemental Sulfur-Promoted Benzoxazole/Benzothiazole Formation Using a C═C Double Bond as a One-Carbon Donator. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14485-14492. [PMID: 34661400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method to assemble diverse benzoxazoles/benzothiazoles in good yields was developed via oxidative cyclization with 2-aminothiophenols or 2-iodoanilines as raw materials. In this protocol, elemental sulfur was used as the effective oxidant and C atoms on the C═C double bond were introduced as a one-carbon donator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuecheng Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yue Luo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yalan Peng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shiqing Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262799, China
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3
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Singh M, Kapoor A, Bhatnagar A. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Aldose Reductase. Metabolites 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 34677370 PMCID: PMC8541668 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the first step in the polyol pathway which converts glucose to sorbitol. Under normal glucose homeostasis the pathway represents a minor route of glucose metabolism that operates in parallel with glycolysis. However, during hyperglycemia the flux of glucose via the polyol pathway increases significantly, leading to excessive formation of sorbitol. The polyol pathway-driven accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol has been implicated in the development of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Based on the notion that inhibition of AR could prevent these complications a range of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested; however, their clinical efficacy has been found to be marginal at best. Moreover, recent work has shown that AR participates in the detoxification of aldehydes that are derived from lipid peroxidation and their glutathione conjugates. Although in some contexts this antioxidant function of AR helps protect against tissue injury and dysfunction, the metabolic transformation of the glutathione conjugates of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes could also lead to the generation of reactive metabolites that can stimulate mitogenic or inflammatory signaling events. Thus, inhibition of AR could have both salutary and injurious outcomes. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of AR could modify the effects of cardiovascular disease, asthma, neuropathy, sepsis, and cancer; therefore, additional work is required to selectively target AR inhibitors to specific disease states. Despite past challenges, we opine that a more gainful consideration of therapeutic modulation of AR activity awaits clearer identification of the specific role(s) of the AR enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aniruddh Kapoor
- Internal Medicine—Critical Care, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA;
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
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4
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Ammazzalorso A, Carradori S, Amoroso R, Fernández IF. 2-substituted benzothiazoles as antiproliferative agents: Novel insights on structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112762. [PMID: 32898763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the wide spectrum of biological activities, benzothiazoles represent privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, useful in drug discovery programs to modulate biological activities of lead compounds. A large body of knowledge about benzothiazoles has been reported in scientific literature, describing their antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. This review summarizes the results obtained in the structure-activity relationship studies on antiproliferative benzothiazoles, focusing on 2-substituted derivatives and on mechanism of action responsible for the antitumor effects of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Fernández Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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5
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Synthesis, Type II diabetes inhibitory activity, antimicrobial evaluation and docking studies of indeno[1,2- c]pyrazol-4(1 H)-ones. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:46-62. [PMID: 32435124 PMCID: PMC7223412 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We report a convenient and efficient synthesis of indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones (4a‒o) by the reaction of a variety of 2-acyl-(1H)-indene-1,3(2H)-diones (1) and 2-hydrazinylbenzo[d]thiazole/2-hydrazinyl-6-substitutedbenzo[d]thiazoles (2) in the presence of glacial acetic acid in good yields. The structure of the compounds thus prepared were confirmed by analytical and spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS) techniques. All the synthesized indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones (4a‒o) were assayed for their in vitro Type II diabetes inhibitory activity by using Acarbose as standard drug and in vitro antimicrobial activity utilizing Streptomycin and Fluconazole as reference drugs. Among the synthesized derivatives, 4e (IC50 = 6.71 μg/mL) was found to be more potent against α-glucosidase enzyme as compared with the standard Acarbose (IC50 = 9.35 μg/mL) and 4i (IC50 = 11.90 μg/mL) exhibited good inhibitory activity against α-amylase enzyme as compared with the standard Acarbose (IC50 = 22.87 μg/mL). Also, all the titled compounds showed good antimicrobial activity. In addition, in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were supported by docking studies performed on the derivatives 4e and 4o, respectively. ![]()
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6
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Bougheloum C, Alioua S, Belghiche R, Benali N, Messalhi A. An efficient green synthesis of new benzothiazoles containing sulfonamide or cyclic imide moieties. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chafika Bougheloum
- Advanced Materials LaboratoryBadji Mokhtar Annaba‐University Annaba Algeria
| | - Sabrina Alioua
- Advanced Materials LaboratoryBadji Mokhtar Annaba‐University Annaba Algeria
| | - Robila Belghiche
- Chemistry Inorganic Materials LaboratoryBadji Mokhtar Annaba‐University Annaba Algeria
| | - Nesma Benali
- Advanced Materials LaboratoryBadji Mokhtar Annaba‐University Annaba Algeria
| | - Abdelrani Messalhi
- Advanced Materials LaboratoryBadji Mokhtar Annaba‐University Annaba Algeria
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7
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Thiagarajan R, Varsha MKNS, Srinivasan V, Ravichandran R, Saraboji K. Vitamin K1 prevents diabetic cataract by inhibiting lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14684. [PMID: 31604989 PMCID: PMC6789135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of vitamin K1 as a novel lens aldose reductase inhibitor in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract model. A single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) resulted in hyperglycemia, activation of lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) and accumulation of sorbitol in eye lens which could have contributed to diabetic cataract formation. However, when diabetic rats were treated with vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg, sc, twice a week) it resulted in lowering of blood glucose and inhibition of lens aldose reductase activity because of which there was a corresponding decrease in lens sorbitol accumulation. These results suggest that vitamin K1 is a potent inhibitor of lens aldose reductase enzyme and we made an attempt to understand the nature of this inhibition using crude lens homogenate as well as recombinant human aldose reductase enzyme. Our results from protein docking and spectrofluorimetric analyses clearly show that vitamin K1 is a potent inhibitor of ALR2 and this inhibition is primarily mediated by the blockage of DL-glyceraldehyde binding to ALR2. At the same time docking also suggests that vitamin K1 overlaps at the NADPH binding site of ALR2, which probably shows that vitamin K1 could possibly bind both these sites in the enzyme. Another deduction that we can derive from the experiments performed with pure protein is that ALR2 has three levels of affinity, first for NADPH, second for vitamin K1 and third for the substrate DL-glyceraldehyde. This was evident based on the dose-dependency experiments performed with both NADPH and DL-glyceraldehyde. Overall, our study shows the potential of vitamin K1 as an ALR2 inhibitor which primarily blocks enzyme activity by inhibiting substrate interaction of the enzyme. Further structural studies are needed to fully comprehend the exact nature of binding and inhibition of ALR2 by vitamin K1 that could open up possibilities of its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thiagarajan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, 600004, India.
| | - M K N Sai Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - V Srinivasan
- Disease Program Lead - Diabetes, MedGenome Inc., Bangalore, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - K Saraboji
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Santoro T, Azevedo CT, E Silva PMR, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Glucocorticoids decrease the numbers and activation of mast cells by inducing the transactivation receptors of AGEs. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:131-142. [PMID: 30199117 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0917-364rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-allergic compounds that function, at least in part, by inhibiting signaling pathways in mast cells. We hypothesized that the GC-induced mastocytopenia and suppression of mast cell activation are mediated by the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptors of AGEs (RAGEs) signaling axis. We evaluated the role of AGEs in GC-mediated mastocytopenia and impaired mast cell degranulation in male Wistar rats and Swiss-Webster mice subcutaneously injected with dexamethasone or prednisolone (0.1 mg/kg) once a day for 21 consecutive days. The animals were treated with either the AGE inhibitor aminoguanidine (250 mg/kg), the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 (1 mg/kg) or the galectin-3 antagonist GSC-100 (1 mg/kg) daily for 18 days, starting 3 days following GC treatment. Aminoguanidine inhibited GC-induced mast cell apoptosis and restored mast cell numbers in the pleural cavity of GC-treated rats. Aminoguanidine also reversed the GC-induced reduction in histamine release triggered by allergens or compound 48/80 in vitro. GC treatment induced RAGE and galectin expression in mast cells, and blocking these agents by FPS-ZM1 or GSC-100 significantly reversed mast cell numbers in the peritoneal cavity and mesenteric tissue of GC-treated mice. In addition, the combination of GC and AGE-induced mast cell apoptosis in vitro was inhibited by both FPS-ZM1 and GSC-100. We concluded that the GC-induced mastocytopenia and suppression of mast cell stimulation are associated with the gene transactivation of RAGE and galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia Santoro
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina T Azevedo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M R E Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco A Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Diabetes Downregulates Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6150843. [PMID: 29849493 PMCID: PMC5925213 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6150843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies described that allergic diseases, including asthma, occur less often than expected in patients with type 1 diabetes. Here, we investigated the influence of diabetes on allergic airway inflammation in a model of experimental asthma in mice. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into 12 h-fasted A/J mice, followed by subcutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), on days 5 and 19 after diabetes induction. Animals were intranasally challenged with OVA (25 μg), from day 24 to day 26. Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly attenuated airway inflammation as attested by the lower number of total leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, mainly neutrophils and eosinophils. Suppression of eosinophil infiltration in the peribronchiolar space and generation of eosinophilotactic mediators, such as CCL-11/eotaxin, CCL-3/MIP-1α, and IL-5, were noted in the lungs of diabetic sensitized mice. In parallel, reduction of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine, mucus production, and serum IgE levels was also noted under diabetic conditions. Our findings show that alloxan diabetes caused attenuation of lung allergic inflammatory response in A/J mice, by a mechanism possibly associated with downregulation of IgE antibody production.
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10
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Insuela DBR, Carvalho VF. Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 as novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:64-72. [PMID: 28688914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are polypeptide hormones that are produced by pancreatic α-cells and the intestine, respectively, whose main function is to control glucose homeostasis. The glucagon and GLP-1 levels are imbalanced in diabetes. Furthermore, type 1 diabetic patients and animals present with a diminished inflammatory response, which is related to some morbidities of diabetes, such as a higher incidence of infectious diseases, including sepsis. The focus of this review is to briefly summarize the state of the art concerning the effects of glucagon and GLP-1 on the inflammatory response. Here, we propose that glucagon and GLP-1 have anti-inflammatory properties, making them possible prototypes for the design and synthesis of new compounds to treat inflammatory diseases. In addition, glucagon, GLP-1 or their analogues or new derivatives may not only be important for managing inflammatory diseases but may also have the therapeutic potential to prevent, cure or ameliorate diabetes in patients by counteracting the deleterious effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the function and viability of pancreatic β-cells. In addition, GLP-1, its analogues or drugs that inhibit GLP-1 metabolism may have a doubly beneficial effect in diabetic patients by inhibiting the inflammatory response and reducing glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella B R Insuela
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, n°4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, n°4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil.
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11
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Torres RC, Magalhães NS, E Silva PMR, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Activation of PPAR-γ reduces HPA axis activity in diabetic rats by up-regulating PI3K expression. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:290-301. [PMID: 27725163 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity in diabetes is strongly associated with several morbidities noted in patients with the disease. We previously demonstrated that hyperactivity of HPA axis under diabetic conditions is associated with up-regulation of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) receptors (MC2R) in adrenal and down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR and MR) in pituitary. This study investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in HPA axis hyperactivity in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into fasted rats. The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone and/or PI3K inhibitor wortmannin were administered daily for 18 consecutive days, starting 3days after diabetes induction. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone were evaluated by radioimmunoassay, while intensities of MC2R, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), GR, MR, PI3K p110α and PPAR-γ were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Rosiglitazone treatment inhibited adrenal hypertrophy and hypercorticoidism observed in diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone also significantly reversed the diabetes-induced increase in the MC2R expression in adrenal cortex. We noted that rosiglitazone reduced the number of corticotroph cells and inhibited both anterior pituitary POMC expression and plasma ACTH levels. Furthermore, rosiglitazone treatment was unable to restore the reduced expression of GR and MR in the anterior pituitary of diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone increased the number of PPAR-γ+ cells and expression of PI3K p110α in both anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex of diabetic rats. In addition, wortmannin blocked the ability of rosiglitazone to restore corticotroph cell numbers, adrenal hypertrophy and plasma corticosterone levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings revealed that rosiglitazone down-regulates HPA axis hyperactivity in diabetic rats via a mechanism dependent on PI3K activation in pituitary and adrenal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carvalho Torres
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Santos Magalhães
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia M R E Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marco A Martins
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Kang J, Tang Y, Liu Q, Guo N, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Chen R, Shen Z. Isolation, modification, and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of rosmarinic acid derivatives from the roots of Salvia grandifolia. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:197-204. [PMID: 27233987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To find aldose reductase inhibitors, two previously unreported compounds, grandifolias H and I, and five known compounds, including rosmarinic acid and rosmarinic acid derivatives, were isolated from the roots of Salvia grandifolia. A series of rosmarinic acid derivatives was obtained from rosmarinic acid using simple synthetic methods. The aldose reductase inhibitory activity of the isolated and synthesized compounds was assessed. Seven of the tested compounds showed moderate aldose reductase inhibition (IC50=0.06-0.30μM). The structure-activity relationship of aldose reductase inhibitory activity of rosmarinic acid derivatives was discussed for the first time. This study provided useful information that will facilitate the development of aldose reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yaseen R, Pushpalatha H, Reddy GB, Ismael A, Ahmed A, Dheyaa A, Ovais S, Rathore P, Samim M, Akthar M, Sharma K, Shafi S, Singh S, Javed K. Design and synthesis of pyridazinone-substituted benzenesulphonylurea derivatives as anti-hyperglycaemic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase – an enzyme embroiled in diabetic complications. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1415-27. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1142986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raed Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
| | - H. Pushpalatha
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India,
| | | | - Ameer Ismael
- Department of Pharmacology, State Company for Drugs Industry and Medical Appliances, Samarra, Iraq,
| | - Ayad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, State Company for Drugs Industry and Medical Appliances, Samarra, Iraq,
| | - Alhamza Dheyaa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
| | - Syed Ovais
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
| | - Pooja Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
| | - Mymoona Akthar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India, and
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India, and
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India,
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Kamal A, Syed MAH, Mohammed SM. Therapeutic potential of benzothiazoles: a patent review (2010 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:335-49. [PMID: 25579497 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.999764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzothiazole is a versatile fused heterocyclic scaffold with extensive pharmaceutical applications. Several benzothiazole derivatives possess broad spectrum of antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activities and so on, and the structurally simple 2-arylbenzothiazoles are potential antitumor agents. Some of the compounds containing benzothiazole ring system are in clinical usage for the treatment of various diseases/disorders. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors summarize inventions carried out towards the development of benzothiazole-based chemotherapeutic agents. It provides an overview of the patents filed during 2010 - 2014 pertaining to the anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities of benzothiazole derivatives. EXPERT OPINION Several molecules containing benzothiazole skeleton are agents of choice for the treatment of various human diseases/disorders. Its versatile character of being capable of serving as ligand to various biomolecules attracted the interest of medicinal chemists for the development of therapies for respective ailments, especially, the 2-arylbenzothiazole moiety which is under development for the treatment of cancer. This signifies the increasing importance of benzothiazole nucleus in the area of drug discovery. Its structural simplicity and ease of synthesis provides scope for the development of chemical libraries that could serve in the discovery of new chemical entities progressing towards the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , Hyderabad- 500007 , India +91 40 27193157 ; +91 40 27193189 ;
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new pyrazoline substituted benzenesulfonylurea/thiourea derivatives as anti-hyperglycaemic agents and aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hussain S, Parveen S, Hao X, Zhang S, Wang W, Qin X, Yang Y, Chen X, Zhu S, Zhu C, Ma B. Structure–activity relationships studies of quinoxalinone derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:383-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Torres RC, Batista MM, Pons AH, Silva AR, Cordeiro RSB, Martins MA, E Silva PMR, Carvalho VF. Activation of PPARγ by restores mast cell numbers and reactivity in alloxan-diabetic rats by reducing the systemic glucocorticoid levels. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:261-7. [PMID: 22713549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell function and survival have been shown to be down-regulated under diabetic conditions. This study investigates the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in reducing mast cell number and reactivity in diabetic rats. The effect of rosiglitazone on mast cell apoptosis was also evaluated. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into fasted rats and PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and/or specific antagonist 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide (GW9662) were administered 3 day after diabetes induction, once daily for 18 consecutive days. Mast cell apoptosis and plasma corticosterone levels were evaluated by TUNEL and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Treatment with rosiglitazone restored mast cell numbers in the pleural cavity and mesenteric tissue of diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone also significantly reversed the diabetes-induced reduction of histamine release by mast cells, as measured by fluorescence, following activation with the antigen in vitro. Increased apoptosis in mast cells from diabetic rats were inhibited by rosiglitazone. Moreover, we noted that the increase in plasma corticosterone levels in diabetic rats was inhibited by rosiglitazone. In addition, GW9662 blocked the ability of rosiglitazone to restore baseline numbers of mast cells and plasma corticosterone in diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings showed that rosiglitazone restored the number and reactivity of mast cells in diabetic rats, accompanied with a suppression of apoptosis, in parallel with impairment of diabetes hypercorticolism, indicating that PPARγ has an important role in these phenomena.
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Ali S, Saeed A, Abbas N, Shahid M, Bolte M, Iqbal J. Design, synthesis and molecular modelling of novel methyl[4-oxo-2-(aroylimino)-3-(substituted phenyl)thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetates as potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bozdağ-Dündar O, Evranos B, Daş-Evcimen N, Sarıkaya M, Ertan R. Synthesis and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of some new chromonyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2412-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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de F Carvalho V, Campos LV, Farias-Filho FA, Florim LT, Barreto EO, Pirmez C, Savino W, Martins MA, e Silva PMR. Suppression of allergic inflammatory response in the skin of alloxan-diabetic rats: relationship with reduced local mast cell numbers. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:246-54. [PMID: 18594156 DOI: 10.1159/000142049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients are refractory to allergic inflammatory diseases. In this study, the influence of alloxan-induced diabetes on allergic skin inflammation was investigated. METHODS Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into male Wistar rats, and the analyses were performed 21 days later. Animals were actively sensitized with a mixture of aluminium hydroxide plus ovalbumin and challenged intradermally with ovalbumin on day 14. RESULTS Diabetic sensitized rats exhibited a less pronounced antigen-induced protein extravasation in the dorsal skin when compared with normal animals. Also, fragments of the dorsal subcutaneous tissue from diabetic sensitized rats showed a reduction in histamine release after stimulation with antigen in vitrowhen compared with fragments obtained from nondiabetic sensitized rats. Optical microscopy analysis revealed that the dorsal skin of diabetic rats showed a marked reduction in dermis thickness, as compared with that seen in normal animals. A significant decrease in the number of skin mast cells was also noted, a phenomenon that paralleled with the reduction in the expression of extracellular matrix components laminin, fibronectin and collagen. Administration of insulin into diabetic rats restored basal mast cell numbers as well as the levels of laminin, fibronectin and collagen. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that alloxan diabetes induces downregulation of the skin allergic inflammatory response in rats, and this was correlated with reduction in local mast cell numbers and expression of extracellular matrix components. Lastly, these alterations were reversed with insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius de F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bozdağ-Dündar O, Verspohl EJ, Daş-Evcimen N, Kaup RM, Bauer K, Sarıkaya M, Evranos B, Ertan R. Synthesis and biological activity of some new flavonyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6747-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matteucci E, Giampietro O. Proposal open for discussion: defining agreed diagnostic procedures in experimental diabetes research. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:163-172. [PMID: 17961942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal experimentation has a long tradition in diabetes research and has provided invaluable benefits with regard to insulin discovery and treatment assessment. METHODS The review focuses on chemical-induced diabetes in rats and surveys the protocols of diabetes induction, diabetes diagnosis, and glucose tolerance evaluation in a selection of recent research. RESULTS This brief review of techniques in experimental diabetes highlights that there is no uniformity, whereas standardisation of procedures is desirable so that comparability will exist among experiments carried out in different settings. CONCLUSIONS On this basis, questions are put and standards are proposed. It would be a platform to promote the exchange of ideas through expert consultation about practical issues related to animal research and a basis on which standards can be set according to user requirements and animal respect.
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