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Luo L, Chen H, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Guo W, Yang Z, Li M. The effect of oral pregabalin on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:391-398. [PMID: 38719760 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of three different doses of oral pregabalin on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) in cats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover trial. ANIMALS A group of eight healthy adult cats aged 24-48 months. METHODS Cats were randomly assigned to three oral doses of pregabalin (low dose: 2.5 mg kg-1, medium dose: 5 mg kg-1, high dose: 10 mg kg-1) or placebo 2 hours before MACISO determination, with the multiple treatments administered with a minimum 7 day washout period. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen until endotracheal intubation was achieved, and maintained with isoflurane with volume-controlled ventilation. MACISO was determined in triplicate using the bracketing technique and tail clamp method 120 minutes after pregabalin or placebo administration. Physiologic variables (including heart rate and blood pressure) recorded during MACISO determination were averaged and compared between the pregabalin and placebo treatments. One-way analysis of variance and the Friedman test were used to assess the difference for normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. The Tukey test was used as a post hoc analysis. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS The MACISO with the medium- and high-dose pregabalin treatments were 1.33 ± 0.21% and 1.23 ± 0.17%, respectively. These were significantly lower than MACISO after placebo treatment (1.62 ± 0.13%; p = 0.014, p < 0.001, respectively), representing a decrease of 18 ± 9% and 24 ± 6%. The mean plasma pregabalin concentration was negatively correlated with MACISO values. Physiologic variables did not differ significantly between treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Doses of 5 or 10 mg kg-1 pregabalin, administered orally 2 hours before determining MACISO, had a significant isoflurane-sparing effect in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Luo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hangbin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjie Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weibin Guo
- Ainuo Baisi Animal Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Bismaya K, Singh VK, Pathak A, Kumar A, Mishra VN, Joshi D, Chaurasia RN. Evaluating the Effect of Pregabalin in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:604-610. [PMID: 37584413 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of pregabalin for the control of symptoms in mild to moderate idiopathic Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 146 mild to moderate idiopathic CTS patients were randomized into pregabalin (n=74) and placebo groups (n=72). Per protocol, analysis was conducted with 131 patients; pregabalin (n=65) and placebo (n=66). The drug titration dose was 50 mg once daily for the first week, twice daily for the second week and thrice daily for the next 6 weeks. The primary outcome included a change in the Symptom Severity Scale and Functional Status Scale (FSS) of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire after the eighth week. The secondary outcome was the change in clinical and electrophysiological grading after 8 weeks of therapy. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean Symptom Severity Scale (14.92±3.72 vs. 16.55±4.45; P =0.025) and FSS (10.77±2.64 vs. 12.0±2.55; P =0.007) in the pregabalin group after 8 weeks. Mean clinical and electrophysiological grading changed significantly from 2.3±0.7 to 2.1±0.8 ( P =0.001) and 1.9±0.7 to 1.8±0.8 ( P =0.020), respectively in the pregabalin group but not in the placebo group. DISCUSSION The results of this study demonstrates that pregabalin is effective in ameliorating symptoms and improving functional outcomes in mild to moderate idiopathic CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bismaya
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
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Assis AD, Chiarotto GB, da Silva NS, Simões GF, Oliveira ALR. Pregabalin synchronizes the regeneration of nerve and muscle fibers optimizing the gait recovery of MDX dystrophic mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22511. [PMID: 35998000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200411rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder induced by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to a degeneration of muscle fibers, triggering retrograde immunomodulatory, and degenerative events in the central nervous system. Thus, neuroprotective drugs such as pregabalin (PGB) can improve motor function by modulating plasticity, together with anti-inflammatory effects. The present work aimed to study the effects of PGB on axonal regeneration after axotomy in dystrophic and non-dystrophic mice. For that, MDX and C57BL/10 mouse strains were subjected to peripheral nerve damage and were treated with PGB (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 28 consecutive days. The treatment was carried out in mice as soon as they completed 5 weeks of life, 1 week before the lesion, corresponding to the peak period of muscle degeneration in the MDX strain. Six-week-old mice were submitted to unilateral sciatic nerve crush and were sacrificed in the 9th week of age. The ipsi and contralateral sciatic nerves were processed for immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, evaluating the expression of proteins and gene transcripts related to neuronal and Schwann cell activity. Cranial tibial muscles were dissected for evaluation of neuromuscular junctions using α-bungarotoxin, and the myelinated axons of the sciatic nerve were analyzed by morphometry. The recovery of motor function was monitored throughout the treatment through tests of forced locomotion (rotarod) and spontaneous walking track test (Catwalk system). The results show that treatment with PGB reduced the retrograde cyclic effects of muscle degeneration/regeneration on the nervous system. This fact was confirmed after peripheral nerve injury, showing better adaptation and response of neurons and glia for rapid axonal regeneration, with efficient muscle targeting and regain of function. No side effects of PGB treatment were observed, and the expression of pro-regenerative proteins in neurons and Schwann cells was upregulated. Morphometry of the axons was in line with the preservation of motor endplates, resulting in enhanced performance of dystrophic animals. Overall, the present data indicate that pregabalin is protective and enhances regeneration of the SNP during the development of DMD, improving motor function, which can, in turn, be translated to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dias Assis
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Müller J, Plöchl W, Mühlbacher P, Graf A, Stimpfl T, Hamp T. The Effect of Pregabalin on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:883181. [PMID: 35592857 PMCID: PMC9110662 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.883181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregabalin is commonly used perioperatively to reduce post-operative pain and opioid consumption and to prevent the development of chronic pain. It has been shown to reduce anesthetic consumption in balanced anesthesia, but studies investigating its effect on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of volatile anesthetics are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different doses of pregabalin on the MAC of sevoflurane. Methods In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical study, 75 patients were assigned to receive placebo, 300 mg pregabalin, or 150 mg pregabalin, as a capsule 1 h before anesthesia induction with sevoflurane only. After equilibration, the response to skin incision (movement vs. non-movement) was monitored. The MAC was assessed using an up- and down-titration method. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was estimated as 2.16% (95% CI, 2.07–2.32%) in the placebo group, 1.44% (95% CI, 1.26–1.70%) in the 300 mg pregabalin group, and 1.81% (95% CI, 1.49–2.13%) in the 150 mg pregabalin group. We therefore report a 33% reduction in the MAC of sevoflurane in the 300 mg pregabalin group as compared to placebo. The MAC of the 150 mg pregabalin group was reduced by 16% as compared to placebo but was not statistically significant. Conclusions The administration of 300 mg pregabalin reduced the MAC of sevoflurane by 33%, while the administration of 150 mg pregabalin did not significantly reduce the MAC of sevoflurane. Pregabalin use led to a small reduction in post-operative pain levels but increased side effects in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Müller
- Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Plöchl
- Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Mühlbacher
- Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Graf
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hamp
- Division of General Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ismail OI, Shaltout ES, Abdellah NZ, Hetta DF, Abd El-Ghani WMA, Abdelzaher LA, Mahmoud AMM, Hasan AM, Rashed NA, Ebrahem NE. The teratogenic effect of pregabalin on heart, liver and kidney in rats: a light microscopic, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:4. [PMID: 34986900 PMCID: PMC8734350 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregabalin (PGB) was approved as new anti-epileptic drugs with little information about its teratogenic effect. AIM OF THE WORK to evaluate the developmental toxicity of PGB. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 pregnant albino rats were divided into three groups. PGB (500 mg/kg body weight/day) was given to group II, PGB (1250 mg/kg body weight/day) was given to Group III and no medications were given to group I. The pups were normally delivered. Liver, kidney and heart specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies. RESULTS A dose of 500 mg of PGB had minimal toxic effects in the form of mild collagen deposition and moderate positive caspase-3 immunoexpression. PGB dose of 1250 mg/kg induced gross toxic effects in form of degenerated cardiac myofibres, ruptured blood vessels, vacuolations in the renal cortex, fibrosis and strong positive caspase-3 immunoexpression. CONCLUSION PGB at dose of 500 mg/kg revealed minimal toxic changes. PGB cause embryotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, as the higher dose induced more degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia I. Ismail
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | - Eman S. Shaltout
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | - Nora Z. Abdellah
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | - Diab F. Hetta
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, South East Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | | | - Lobna A. Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa M. Hasan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Assiut University hospital, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | - Noha A. Rashed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
| | - Noha Esmael Ebrahem
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Egypt
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Iacovides S, Kamerman P, Baker FC, Mitchell D. Why It Is Important to Consider the Effects of Analgesics on Sleep: A Critical Review. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2589-2619. [PMID: 34558668 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We review the known physiological mechanisms underpinning all of pain processing, sleep regulation, and pharmacology of analgesics prescribed for chronic pain. In particular, we describe how commonly prescribed analgesics act in sleep-wake neural pathways, with potential unintended impact on sleep and/or wake function. Sleep disruption, whether pain- or drug-induced, negatively impacts quality of life, mental and physical health. In the context of chronic pain, poor sleep quality heightens pain sensitivity and may affect analgesic function, potentially resulting in further analgesic need. Clinicians already have to consider factors including efficacy, abuse potential, and likely side effects when making analgesic prescribing choices. We propose that analgesic-related sleep disruption should also be considered. The neurochemical mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between pain and sleep are poorly understood, and studies investigating sleep in those with specific chronic pain conditions (including those with comorbidities) are lacking. We emphasize the importance of further work to clarify the effects (intended and unintended) of each analgesic class to inform personalized treatment decisions in patients with chronic pain. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-31, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Iacovides
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter Kamerman
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Moon SJ, Jeon JY, Lim Y, An T, Jang SB, Kim S, Na WS, Lee SY, Kim MG. Pharmacokinetics of a New, Once-Daily, Sustained-Release Pregabalin Tablet in Healthy Male Volunteers. Clin Ther 2021; 43:1381-1391.e1. [PMID: 34256964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A new sustained-release (SR) pregabalin formulation (YHD1119) designed for once-daily dosing has recently been developed to improve patient adherence. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin SR and immediate-release (IR) formulations after multiple oral doses and to assess the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic profile of the pregabalin SR formulation after a single dose in healthy individuals. METHODS Two clinical trials were conducted: a randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover study to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetic properties of SR treatment (pregabalin SR 300 mg once daily for 3 days) and IR treatment (pregabalin IR 150 mg twice daily for 3 days) under fed conditions and a randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-treatment, 2-period, crossover study to evaluate the effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetic properties of the pregabalin SR formulation. Plasma concentrations of pregabalin were measured using LC-MS/MS. The AUC and Cmax for pregabalin were calculated using noncompartmental method and compared between treatments in each study. FINDINGS Thirty-one individuals in the bioequivalence study and 23 in the food effect study completed the pharmacokinetic sampling. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax,ss and AUC0-τ between the SR and IR formulations were 1.1642 (90% CI, 1.1043-1.2272) and 0.9704 (90% CI, 0.9372-1.0047), respectively. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC0-last between the SR formulation in the fed state and in the fasted state were 1.6514 (90% CI, 1.3820-1.9732) and 1.7899 (90%CI, 1.4499-2.2097), respectively. IMPLICATIONS The bioavailability of the pregabalin SR 300 mg formulation is increased if taken with a high-fat meal. Once-daily pregabalin SR 300 mg is bioequivalent to twice-daily pregabalin IR 150 mg under fed conditions at steady state. The pregabalin SR formulation is expected to improve patient adherence. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02783183 (bioequivalence study) and NCT03191136 (food effect study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Ju Moon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lim
- Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon An
- Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bok Jang
- Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Sook Na
- Business & New Product Development Department, R&D Division, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Ion Channels as New Attractive Targets to Improve Re-Myelination Processes in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147277. [PMID: 34298893 PMCID: PMC8305962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by neuroinflammation. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are cycling cells in the developing and adult CNS that, under demyelinating conditions, migrate to the site of lesions and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes to remyelinate damaged axons. However, this process fails during disease chronicization due to impaired OPC differentiation. Moreover, OPCs are crucial players in neuro-glial communication as they receive synaptic inputs from neurons and express ion channels and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator receptors that control their maturation. Ion channels are recognized as attractive therapeutic targets, and indeed ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels can both be found among the top five pharmaceutical target groups of FDA-approved agents. Their modulation ameliorates some of the symptoms of MS and improves the outcome of related animal models. However, the exact mechanism of action of ion-channel targeting compounds is often still unclear due to the wide expression of these channels on neurons, glia, and infiltrating immune cells. The present review summarizes recent findings in the field to get further insights into physio-pathophysiological processes and possible therapeutic mechanisms of drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roopa Rajan
- Department of Neurology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Kuhn D, Müller TJ, Mutschler J. [Pregabalin abuse and dependence in various European countries: Association with substitution policies]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 89:553-561. [PMID: 33440453 DOI: 10.1055/a-1324-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregabalin was first approved in 2004 for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain and focal epileptic seizures, with or without secondary generalization. Prescription frequency has increased significantly since approval. In the early days, little attention was paid to the problem of misuse and dependence on pregabalin; in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of publications focusing on this problem. This review deals with these risk factors and risk groups of pregabalin abuse and dependence in different European countries and their drug policies. RESULTS Pregabalin abuse and dependence has increased significantly since its introduction to the market. It was shown that solo abuse of pregabalin is rare. In most cases, pregabalin was combined with other substances, which is also a predictor of pregabalin abuse. There were different reasons for the non-prescription use of pregabalin; it was used to increase the psychotropic effect, on the one hand, and to alleviate withdrawal symptoms, on the other hand. Furthermore, in Sweden, pregabalin was found in 28% of fatal intoxications among drug addicts. Young people were particularly affected. Abuse of pregabalin was detected in countries with restrictive substitution programmes, while in countries with liberal drug policies, no abuse was detected. However, the data situation in Switzerland with a liberal substitution programme is based on only one study, which is why pregabalin use in liberal substitution programmes cannot be conclusively clarified. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be a connection between a country's drug policy and the illegal use of pregabalin among persons in a substitution programme in that country. There are also risk factors and risk groups for pregabalin dependence and abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jochen Mutschler
- Zentrum für Translationale Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern
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Rajdev K, Mehan S. Neuroprotective Methodologies of Co-Enzyme Q10 Mediated Brain Hemorrhagic Treatment: Clinical and Pre-Clinical Findings. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:446-465. [PMID: 31187715 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190610101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral brain hemorrhage is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity despite only constituting approximately 10-15% of all strokes classified into intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage where most of the patients suffer from impairment in memory, weakness or paralysis in arms or legs, headache, fatigue, gait abnormality and cognitive dysfunctions. Understanding molecular pathology and finding the worsening cause of hemorrhage will lead to explore the therapeutic interventions that could prevent and cure the disease. Mitochondrial ETC-complexes dysfunction has been found to increase neuroinflammatory cytokines, oxidative free radicals, excitotoxicity, neurotransmitter and energy imbalance that are the key neuropathological hallmarks of cerebral hemorrhage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as a part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can effectively restore these neuronal dysfunctions by preventing the opening of mitochondrial membrane transition pore, thereby counteracting cell death events as well as exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by influencing the expression of NF-kB1 dependent genes thus preventing the neuroinflammation and energy restoration. Due to behavior and biochemical heterogeneity in post cerebral brain hemorrhagic pattern different preclinical autologous blood injection models are required to precisely investigate the forthcoming therapeutic strategies. Despite emerging pre-clinical research and resultant large clinical trials for promising symptomatic treatments, there are very less pharmacological interventions demonstrated to improve post operative condition of patients where intensive care is required. Therefore, in current review, we explore the disease pattern, clinical and pre-clinical interventions under investigation and neuroprotective methodologies of CoQ10 precursors to ameliorate post brain hemorrhagic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Rajdev
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Shamsi Meymandi M, Sepehri G, Moslemizadeh A, Vakili Shahrbabaki S, Bashiri H. Prenatal pregabalin is associated with sex-dependent alterations in some behavioral parameters in valproic acid-induced autism in rat offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:500-511. [PMID: 32588482 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on behavioral changes of rat offspring in an animal model of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism-like symptoms. Pregnant rats received VPA (600 mg/kg/i.p.) once at 12.5 gestational days for autism-like symptom induction in offspring. After the delivery single male and single female offspring from each mother were randomly selected for behavioral test (anxiety, pain response, pleasure, and motor function) at 60th day adulthood (n = 7). Offspring received prenatal PGB (15 & 30 mg/kg/i.p.) during gestational days 9.5 to 15.5 either alone or in combination with VPA (PGB15, PGB30, PGB15 + VPA, and PGB30 + VPA). Control offspring received normal saline during the same period. The result showed that prenatal VPA exposure was associated with autism-like behaviors in rat offspring. PGB treatment during the gestational period revealed significant reduction in sucrose preference test and anxiety in elevated plus maze and open field test in offspring. Also, PGB treatments exhibited a dose-dependent increase in pain threshold in prenatally VPA exposed rats in tail-flick and hot plate test. Also, there was a sex-related significant impairment in motor function in beam balance and open field test, and male rats were affected more than females. However, no significant sex differences in sucrose preference and pain sensitivity were observed in prenatal PGB-treated rat offspring. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to VPA increased the risk of autism-like behaviors in the offspring rats, and PGB treatment during the gestational period was associated with some beneficial effects, including anxiety reduction and motor impairment in autism-like symptoms in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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Ali SA, Zaitone SA, Dessouki AA, Ali AA. Pregabalin affords retinal neuroprotection in diabetic rats: Suppression of retinal glutamate, microglia cell expression and apoptotic cell death. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:78-90. [PMID: 31002823 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pregabalin is the first drug to receive FDA approval for treating diabetic neuropathic pain. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of pregabalin in an experimental model of diabetic retinopathy and tested some possible mechanisms underlying the putative neuroprotective effect. Male Wistar rats received streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus. After two weeks, a course of pregabalin (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) has been launched for five consecutive weeks. Retinal expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was estimated by real-time PCR and retinal glutamate content was also estimated. Further, retinal caspase-3 immunoblotting and DNA fragmentation assays determined the degree of apoptosis. Pregabalin improved histopathological abnormalities in diabetic retinas and suppressed the diabetes-enhanced retinal expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CD11b (a surface marker for microglia) while attenuated expression of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation versus the diabetic group. In addition, diabetic rats treated with pregabalin displayed reductions in retinal glutamate, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) content versus the diabetic controls. Furthermore, pregabalin enhanced the histopathological picture and reduced fibrosis in the optic nerve of diabetic rats in addition to suppression of the content of the glia fibrillary acidic protein. The findings provide the first evidence demonstrating that pregabalin alleviates retinal neuroinflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in an experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, pregabalin might serve as a potential therapy for retinopathy after adequate clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Azaa A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sitagliptin enhances the neuroprotective effect of pregabalin against pentylenetetrazole-induced acute epileptogenesis in mice: Implication of oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic and autophagy pathways. Neurochem Int 2018; 115:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Young EE, Bryant CD, Lee SE, Peng X, Cook B, Nair HK, Dreher KJ, Zhang X, Palmer AA, Chung JM, Mogil JS, Chesler EJ, Lariviere WR. Systems genetic and pharmacological analysis identifies candidate genes underlying mechanosensation in the von Frey test. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 15:604-15. [PMID: 27231153 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical sensitivity is commonly affected in chronic pain and other neurological disorders. To discover mechanisms of individual differences in punctate mechanosensation, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the response to von Frey monofilament stimulation in BXD recombinant inbred (BXD) mice. Significant loci were detected on mouse chromosome (Chr) 5 and 15, indicating the location of underlying polymorphisms that cause heritable variation in von Frey response. Convergent evidence from public gene expression data implicates candidate genes within the loci: von Frey thresholds were strongly correlated with baseline expression of Cacna2d1, Ift27 and Csnk1e in multiple brain regions of BXD strains. Systemic gabapentin and PF-670462, which target the protein products of Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e, respectively, significantly increased von Frey thresholds in a genotype-dependent manner in progenitors and BXD strains. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed differential expression of Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e in multiple brain regions in progenitors and showed differential expression of Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e in the dorsal root ganglia of the progenitors and BXD strains grouped by QTL genotype. Thus, linkage mapping, transcript covariance and pharmacological testing suggest that genetic variation affecting Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e may contribute to individual differences in von Frey filament response. This study implicates Cacna2d1 and Ift27 in basal mechanosensation in line with their previously suspected role in mechanical hypersensitivity. Csnk1e is implicated for von Frey response for the first time. Further investigation is warranted to identify the specific polymorphisms involved and assess the relevance of these findings to clinical conditions of disturbed mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C D Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Lee
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - X Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Cook
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H K Nair
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K J Dreher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J M Chung
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - J S Mogil
- Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - E J Chesler
- Mammalian Genetics & Genomics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - W R Lariviere
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Daneshdoust D, Khalili-Fomeshi M, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ghorbanian D, Hashemian M, Gholami M, Moghadamnia A, Shojaei A. Pregabalin enhances myelin repair and attenuates glial activation in lysolecithin-induced demyelination model of rat optic chiasm. Neuroscience 2017; 344:148-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Song Y, Jun JH, Shin EJ, Kwak YL, Shin JS, Shim JK. Effect of pregabalin administration upon reperfusion in a rat model of hyperglycemic stroke: Mechanistic insights associated with high-mobility group box 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171147. [PMID: 28152042 PMCID: PMC5289503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, which reduces the efficacy of treatments and worsens clinical outcomes, is common in stroke. Ability of pregabalin to reduce neuroexcitotoxicity may provide protection against stroke, even under hyperglycemia. We investigated its protective effect against hyperglycemic stroke and its possible molecular mechanisms. Male Wistar rats administered dextrose to cause hyperglycemia, underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h and subsequent reperfusion. Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg pregabalin or an equal amount of normal saline at the onset of reperfusion (n = 16 per group). At 24 h after reperfusion, neurological deficit, infarct volume, and apoptotic cell count were assessed. Western blot analysis was performed to determine protein expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), phosphorylated inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-iNOS, p-eNOS), Bcl-2, Bax, Cytochrome C, and caspase-3 in the brain. Pregabalin-treated rats showed significantly improved neurological function (31% decrease in score), reduced infarct size (by 33%), fewer apoptotic cells (by 63%), and lower expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, p-NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF- α, compared with control rats. Decreased p-iNOS and increased p-eNOS expressions were also observed. Expression of Bax, Cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3/caspase3 was significantly downregulated, while Bcl-2 expression was increased by pregabalin treatment. Pregabalin administration upon reperfusion decreased neuronal death and improved neurological function in hyperglycemic stroke rats. Cogent mechanisms would include attenuation of HMGB1/TLR-4-mediated inflammation and favorable modulation of the NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hae Jun
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Shin
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Masmoudi I, Gras-Champel V, Barbieux-Vaquez D, Masmoudi K. [Pregabalin-induced parkinsonism: A case report]. Therapie 2016; 72:395-396. [PMID: 27817842 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inès Masmoudi
- Centre régional de pharmacovigilance de Picardie, centre de biologie humaine, CHU Amiens-Picardie, site Sud, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; Service de neurologie, CHU d'Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Valérie Gras-Champel
- Centre régional de pharmacovigilance de Picardie, centre de biologie humaine, CHU Amiens-Picardie, site Sud, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
| | | | - Kamel Masmoudi
- Centre régional de pharmacovigilance de Picardie, centre de biologie humaine, CHU Amiens-Picardie, site Sud, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
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Liu L, Ma SH, Xia LJ. The influence of thiamin on the efficacy of pregabalin in rats with spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain. Neurol Res 2016; 38:717-24. [PMID: 27334563 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1188550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The thiamin is often used in the treatment of neuropathy, and pregabalin is often used to treat neuropathic pain. Our study examined the influence of thiamin on the efficacy of pregabalin in a rat model of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain. METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups. The neuropathic pain-relieving properties were measured by plantar test, cold plate test, and hot plate test after administration of pregabalin (i.v) and/or thiamin (i.p) in SNL rats 14 days after operation. RESULTS In the therapy period, pregabalin, or thiamin alone all produced antinociceptive effects in rats with neuropathic pain. And combination treatment of thiamin and pregabalin resulted in an enhanced pain relief compared to the administration of pregabalin or thiamin alone. CONCLUSION Combination of thiamin and pregabalin produces an additive antinociceptive effect in neuropathic pain rats, this drug combination may offer a beneficial treatment option for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- a Department of Pain , Henan Province Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Song-He Ma
- a Department of Pain , Henan Province Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ling-Jie Xia
- a Department of Pain , Henan Province Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
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20
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Brouwer BA, de Greef BTA, Hoeijmakers JGJ, Geerts M, van Kleef M, Merkies ISJ, Faber CG. Neuropathic Pain due to Small Fiber Neuropathy in Aging: Current Management and Future Prospects. Drugs Aging 2016; 32:611-21. [PMID: 26239827 PMCID: PMC4548010 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-015-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the diagnosis small fiber neuropathy (SFN) has gained recognition worldwide. Patients often suffer from severe neuropathic pain that may be difficult to treat. A substantial subset of patients with SFN is aged 65 years or older, and these patients often exhibit comorbidities and usage of multiple drugs, making neuropathic pain treatment more challenging. In this review, we highlight relevant pathophysiological aspects and discuss currently used therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain. Possible pitfalls in neuropathic pain treatment in the elderly will be underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte A Brouwer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Neuropsychiatric symptoms accompanying thrombocytopenia following pregabalin treatment for neuralgia: a case report. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 36:1138-40. [PMID: 25297834 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 28-year-old female patient developed an increased temperature and neuropsychiatric symptoms after receiving 75 mg pregabalin therapy for neuralgia. She presented initially with pyrexia and dizziness, followed by disorganized speech within an acute confusional state. Her body temperature returned to normal after taking 60 mg loxoprofen sodium several hours later. However, the neuropsychiatric symptoms did not improve until the next morning. Routine blood tests showed decreased platelet counts (from 131 × 109/L to 85 × 109/L). The following day, a further dose of 75 mg pregabalin was administered because of its effective amelioration of the patient's neuralgia. One hour later, the same symptoms appeared as had previously including increased body temperature of 39.2 °C accompanied by a lower platelet count (73 × 109/L). CONCLUSION Clinicians should be alert to the serious neuropsychiatric symptoms and thrombocytopenia associated with the use of pregabalin. Routine blood tests may be necessary upon initiation of pregabalin treatment.
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22
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Silva GAA, Pradella F, Moraes A, Farias A, dos Santos LMB, de Oliveira ALR. Impact of pregabalin treatment on synaptic plasticity and glial reactivity during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav 2014; 4:925-35. [PMID: 25365796 PMCID: PMC4178248 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease that affects young adults. It is characterized by generating a chronic demyelinating autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system. An experimental model for studying MS is the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced by immunization with antigenic proteins from myelin. AIMS The present study investigated the evolution of EAE in pregabalin treated animals up to the remission phase. METHODS AND RESULTS The results demonstrated a delay in the onset of the disease with statistical differences at the 10th and the 16th day after immunization. Additionally, the walking track test (CatWalk) was used to evaluate different parameters related to motor function. Although no difference between groups was obtained for the foot print pressure, the regularity index was improved post treatment, indicating a better motor coordination. The immunohistochemical analysis of putative synapse preservation and glial reactivity revealed that pregabalin treatment improved the overall morphology of the spinal cord. A preservation of circuits was depicted and the glial reaction was downregulated during the course of the disease. qRT-PCR data did not show immunomodulatory effects of pregabalin, indicating that the positive effects were restricted to the CNS environment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present data indicate that pregabalin is efficient for reducing the seriousness of EAE, delaying its course as well as reducing synaptic loss and astroglial reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleidy A A Silva
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pradella
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Neuroimmunomodulation Group, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriel Moraes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Neuroimmunomodulation Group, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Farias
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Neuroimmunomodulation Group, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonilda M B dos Santos
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L R de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Byon W, Ouellet D, Chew M, Ito K, Burger P, Pauer L, Zeiher B, Corrigan B. Exposure-Response Analyses of the Effects of Pregabalin in Patients With Fibromyalgia Using Daily Pain Scores and Patient Global Impression of Change. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 50:803-15. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270009352187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Long-term maintenance of response across multiple fibromyalgia symptom domains in a randomized withdrawal study of pregabalin. Clin J Pain 2013; 28:609-14. [PMID: 22688598 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e31823dd315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and duration of response of clinically meaningful improvements with pregabalin across several key symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of data from a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, withdrawal study, originally designed to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin monotherapy for durability of effect on FM pain based on pain and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) criteria. Responder criteria for Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score (≥16-point change), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale Sleep Disturbance subscale (≥15.8-point change), and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Vitality scale (≥10-point change) were used to evaluate the incidence and duration of improvements in function, sleep, and fatigue for pregabalin versus placebo among pain and PGIC responders. A composite responder index consisting of pain, PGIC, function, and sleep endpoints was used to explore multidimensional response. RESULTS Approximately 80% of patients meeting pain and PGIC improvement criteria at randomization had clinically meaningful improvement in fatigue, sleep, or function. Higher proportions of patients in the pregabalin group maintained a clinically meaningful response, and pregabalin-treated patients had a significantly longer time to loss of therapeutic response compared with the placebo group. Composite responder Kaplan-Meier analysis, performed with patients demonstrating clinically meaningful improvements in pain, PGIC, function, and sleep at randomization showed a significantly longer median time to loss of therapeutic response for pregabalin-treated patients. DISCUSSION The results from this post hoc analysis indicate that pregabalin provides long-term effects across multiple domains of FM (ClinicalTrials.gov registry ID: NCT00151489).
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Hernández-Vivanco A, Pérez-Alvarez A, Caba-González JC, Alonso MT, Moreno-Ortega AJ, Cano-Abad M, Ruiz-Nuño A, Carmona-Hidalgo B, Albillos A. Selectivity of Action of Pregabalin on Ca2+ Channels but Not on Fusion Pore, Exocytotic Machinery, or Mitochondria in Chromaffin Cells of the Adrenal Gland. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:263-72. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.190652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ryu JH, Lee PB, Kim JH, Do SH, Kim CS. Effects of pregabalin on the activity of glutamate transporter type 3. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109:234-9. [PMID: 22511482 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregabalin, (S)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acid, is a ligand for the α2δ subunit (a component of voltage-gated calcium channels) and has analgesic and anticonvulsant properties. Glutamate uptake by glutamate transporters may be a mechanism for these properties. We investigated the effects of pregabalin on the activity of the neuronal glutamate transporter type 3 (EAAT3). METHODS EAAT3 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Two-electrode voltage clamping was used to record membrane currents before, during, and after applying l-glutamate (30 μM) in the presence or absence of pregabalin. Currents were also measured in oocytes pretreated with a protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, PMA), PKC inhibitors (chelerythrine or staurosporine), or a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. RESULTS The exposure of the oocytes injected with EAAT3 mRNA to serial concentrations of pregabalin (0.06-60 μM) significantly increased their responses to 30 μM l-glutamate. A kinetic study showed that pregabalin significantly increased V(max) without changing K(m). Treatment of oocytes with PMA, pregabalin, or pregabalin plus PMA significantly increased transporter currents vs controls, but treatment with PMA plus pregabalin did not increase the responses further vs PMA or pregabalin alone. In addition, pretreatment of oocytes with two PKC inhibitors (chelerythrine or staurosporine), or inhibitor wortmannin, significantly reduced basal and pregabalin-enhanced EAAT3 activity. CONCLUSIONS Pregabalin increased EAAT3 activity and PKC and PI3K were involved. This may explain the analgesic effect of pregabalin in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Loutochin O, Al Afraa T, Campeau L, Mahfouz W, Elzayat E, Corcos J. Effect of the anticonvulsant medications pregabalin and lamotrigine on urodynamic parameters in an animal model of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 31:1197-202. [PMID: 22473872 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of different doses and treatment durations of pregabalin and lamotrigine on the urodynamic parameters of an animal model of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety rats were used; six as normal controls and the remaining 84 were divided as follows: Six "paraplegic controls," 6 "paraplegic-vehicle controls," and the remaining 72 divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was divided into six subgroups; pregabalin was given in doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg for 1 or 2 weeks. Group 2 was similarly subdivided; lamotrigine was given in doses of 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 6 mg/kg for 1 or 2 weeks. RESULTS All paraplegic controls developed NDO within 3 weeks from spinalization. Their baseline bladder pressure (BBP) 19 ± 4.4 cmH(2) O, detrusor pressure at maximum capacity (DPMaxC) 47.6 ± 4.3 cmH(2) O, bladder capacity (BC) 0.45 ± 0.1 ml, and frequency of detrusor overactivity (FDO) 3.7 ± 0.9/min. Both pregabalin and lamotrigine produced significant improvement. Urodynamic values in those treated with 20 mg pregabalin for 1 or 2 weeks were: BBP 11.7 ± 1.3 and 9 ± 0.2 cmH(2) O, BC 0.6 ± 0.1 and 0.7 ± 0.01 ml, DPMaxC 17.3 ± 4.0 and 23 ± 2.6 cmH(2) O, FDO 2.1 ± 0.2/min and 1.7 ± 0.1/min. Urodynamic values in those treated with 3 mg/kg lamotrigine for 1 or 2 weeks were: BBP 9.7 ± 2.2 and 8.6 ± 1.9 cmH(2) O, DPMaxC 17.2 ± 1.8 and 29 ± 1.2 cmH(2) O, BC 0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1 ml, FDO 1.9 ± 0.2/min and 1.9 ± 0.2/min (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pregabalin and lamotrigine may represent novel alternative treatments of NDO. Clinical trials remain to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Loutochin
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Pregabalin Beneficial Effects on Sleep Quality or Health-Related Quality of Life Are Poorly Correlated With Reduction on Pain Intensity After an 8-Week Treatment Course. Clin Neuropharmacol 2012; 35:21-4. [DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0b013e31823df2dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain sensation involves multiple signaling and modulatory pathways, employing a variety of neurotransmitters and other mediators. Inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms affect the perception of stimuli as painful or non-painful, and in addition may affect the perceived intensity of pain. Endogenous opioids are key mediators in the descending pain suppression pathways. Additionally, monoaminergic neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine positively or negatively modulate pain signaling, depending on receptor type and location. The various mediators involved in pain signaling provide potential targets for pharmacological interventions. Single analgesic therapies may be limited in their ability to comprehensively target these complex pain signaling pathways. Therapeutic approaches acting on multiple pain transmission pathways through different mechanisms of action provide an opportunity to maximize efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of pain. SCOPE This article discusses the various physiologic processes involved in pain signaling and modulation, describes the mechanisms by which various classes of analgesic agents are believed to produce their clinical effects, and explores the potential benefits of a multiple-mechanism approach to analgesia. Published articles describing the physiologic processes involved in pain signaling and modulation and the mechanisms of analgesia for different drug classes were reviewed. MEDLINE searches were conducted to identify relevant studies published through August 2009 that evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of multiple-mechanism analgesic regimens. English language-only randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were considered. FINDINGS/CONCLUSION Multiple neurotransmitters and other mediators are involved in the endogenous modulation of pain signaling, providing numerous opportunities for intervention with different classes of analgesics. Data from numerous clinical trials indicate that multiple-mechanism approaches to analgesia provide comparable or superior analgesic efficacy with lower doses of the individual agents and reduced incidence of side effects. These data support current guidelines which endorse multiple-mechanism strategies for both acute and chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Argoff
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Kweon TD, Kim JY, Kwon IW, Choi JB, Lee YW. Participation of K(ATP) Channels in the Antinociceptive Effect of Pregabalin in Rat Formalin Test. Korean J Pain 2011; 24:131-6. [PMID: 21935490 PMCID: PMC3172325 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2011.24.3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant and analgesic agent that interacts selectively with the voltage-sensitive-Ca2+-channel alpha-2-delta subunit. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the analgesic action of intrathecal (IT) pregabalin is associated with KATP channels in the rat formalin test. Methods IT PE-10 catheters were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) under inhalation anesthesia using enflurane. Nociceptive behavior was defined as the number of hind paw flinches during 60 min after formalin injection. Ten min before formalin injection, IT drug treatments were divided into 3 groups: normal saline (NS) 20 µl (CON group); pregabalin 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 µg in NS 10 µl (PGB group); glibenclamide 100 µg in DMSO 5 µl with pregabalin 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 µg in NS 5 µl (GBC group). All the drugs were flushed with NS 10 µl. Immunohistochemistry for the KATP channel was done with a different set of rats divided into naïve, NS and PGB groups. Results IT pregabalin dose-dependently decreased the flinching number only in phase 2 of formalin test. The log dose response curve of the GBC group shifted to the right with respect to that of the PGB group. Immunohistochemistry for the KATP channel expression on the spinal cord dorsal horn showed no difference among the groups 1 hr after the formalin test. Conclusions The antinociceptive effect of pregabalin in the rat formalin test was associated with the activation of the KATP channel. However, pregabalin did not induce KATP channel expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Dong Kweon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Karosin C, Kofler M, Mayr A, Saltuari L. Pregabalin: a treatment option for dystonia? Neurol Sci 2011; 33:351-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sikandar S, Dickenson AH. Pregabalin modulation of spinal and brainstem visceral nociceptive processing. Pain 2011; 152:2312-2322. [PMID: 21778018 PMCID: PMC3202642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem and spinal mechanisms mediating visceral nociception are investigated here using electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry techniques in a model of acute visceral pain. Colorectal distension (CRD) produced graded visceromotor responses (VMR) in normal rats, and these were facilitated by intracolonic mustard oil (MO) that generated acute visceral hyperalgesia. The neuropathic pain drug pregabalin (PGB) is thought to have state-dependent effects in attenuating neuropathic, but not acute somatic pain, likely by impairing calcium-channel trafficking. We found that systemic PGB produced antinociceptive effects on CRD-evoked VMRs in naïve rats lacking pathophysiology and in MO-pretreated rats. Systemic PGB also significantly reduced Fos labelling in lumbosacral spinal cords of rats given noxious repetitive CRD; however, PGB did not alter this measure of neural activity in the brainstem. Differential brainstem processing of noxious somatic and visceral stimuli may underlie the unique lack of state-dependent actions of PGB in this visceral pain model. Single-unit recordings in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) verify that brainstem processing of somatic and visceral stimuli differs. The effects of CRD on RVM cells classed as ON, OFF, or NEUTRAL were independent of their somatic responses, with surprising changes in RVM cell activity to innocuous visceral stimulation. PGB also markedly reduced the visceral responses of RVM ON-cells to noxious CRD. These results illustrate clear differences in the central processing of visceral and somatic stimuli, yet a common role for descending modulation by brainstem activity in mediating evoked pain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaq Sikandar
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Jo HR, Chae YK, Kim YH, Chai HS, Lee WK, Choi SS, Min JH, Choi IG, Choi YS. Remifentanil-induced pronociceptive effect and its prevention with pregabalin. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 60:198-204. [PMID: 21490822 PMCID: PMC3071484 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2011.60.3.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that remifentanil probably causes acute tolerance or postinfusion hyperalgesia. This study was designed to confirm whether remifentanil given during propofol anesthesia induced postoperative pain sensitization, and we wanted to investigate whether pregabalin could prevent this pronociceptive effect. Methods Sixty patients who were scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to receive (1) a placebo as premedication and an intraoperative saline infusion (control group), (2) a placebo as premedication and an intraoperative infusion of remifentanil at a rate of 3-4 ng/ml (remifentanil group), or (3) pregabalin 150 mg as premedication and an intraoperative infusion of remifentanil at a rate of 3-4 ng/ml (pregabalin-remifentanil group). Postoperative pain was controlled by titration of fentanyl in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU), followed by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl. The patients were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain scores at rest and after cough, consumption of fentanyl, sedation score and any side effects that were noted over the 48 h postoperative period. Results The fentanyl titration dose given in the PACU was significantly larger in the remifentanil group as compared with those of the other two groups. At rest, the VAS pain score in the remifentanil group at 2 h after arrival in the PACU was significantly higher than those in the other two groups. Conclusions The results of this study show that remifentanil added to propofol anesthesia causes pain sensitization in the immediate postoperative period. Pretreatment with pregabalin prevents this pronociceptive effect and so this may be useful for the management of acute postoperative pain when remifentanil and propofol are used as anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Rae Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University Medical School, Goyang, Korea
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Ha KY, Carragee E, Cheng I, Kwon SE, Kim YH. Pregabalin as a neuroprotector after spinal cord injury in rats: biochemical analysis and effect on glial cells. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:404-11. [PMID: 21394310 PMCID: PMC3051089 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of trials on neuroprotection after spinal cord injury, we used pregabalin. After spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats using contusion model, we observed the effect of pregabalin compared to that of the control and the methylprednisolone treated rats. We observed locomotor improvement of paralyzed hindlimb and body weight changes for clinical evaluation and caspase-3, bcl-2, and p38 MAPK expressions using western blotting. On histopathological analysis, we also evaluated reactive proliferation of glial cells. We were able to observe pregabalin's effectiveness as a neuroprotector after SCI in terms of the clinical indicators and the laboratory findings. The caspase-3 and phosphorylated p38 MAPK expressions of the pregabalin group were lower than those of the control group (statistically significant with caspase-3). Bcl-2 showed no significant difference between the control group and the treated groups. On the histopathological analysis, pregabalin treatment demonstrated less proliferation of the microglia and astrocytes. With this animal study, we were able to demonstrate reproducible results of pregabalin's neuroprotection effect. Diminished production of caspase-3 and phosphorylated p38 MAPK and as well as decreased proliferation of astrocytes were seen with the administration of pregabalin. This influence on spinal cord injury might be a possible approach for achieving neuroprotection following central nervous system trauma including spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Yong Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene Carragee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soon-Eok Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Thorpe AJ, Clair A, Hochman S, Clemens S. Possible Sites of Therapeutic Action in Restless Legs Syndrome: Focus on Dopamine and α 2δ Ligands. Eur Neurol 2011; 66:18-29. [DOI: 10.1159/000328431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Di Guilmi MN, Urbano FJ, Inchauspe CG, Uchitel OD. Pregabalin modulation of neurotransmitter release is mediated by change in intrinsic activation/inactivation properties of ca(v)2.1 calcium channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:973-82. [PMID: 21177783 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the effects of the anticonvulsant and analgesic drug pregabalin (PGB) on excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at principal neurons of the mouse medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and on presynaptic calcium currents at the calyx of Held. We found that the acute application of PGB reduced the amplitude of EPSCs in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal blocking effect of approximately 30%. A clinical high-concentration dose of PGB (e.g., 500 μM) blocked Ca(v)2.1 channel-mediated currents and decreased their facilitation during a 100-Hz train, without changing their voltage-dependent activation. Furthermore, PGB also removed the inactivation of Ca(v)2.1 channels at a clinically relevant low concentration of 100 μM. These results suggest novel modulatory mechanisms mediated by the acute administration of PGB on fast excitatory synaptic transmission and might contribute to better understanding PGB anticonvulsant/analgesic clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano N Di Guilmi
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yoon JS, Lee JH, Son TG, Mughal MR, Greig NH, Mattson MP. Pregabalin suppresses calcium-mediated proteolysis and improves stroke outcome. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 41:624-9. [PMID: 21111818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregabalin, a Ca(2+) channel α(2)δ-subunit antagonist with analgesic and antiepileptic activity, reduced neuronal loss and improved functional outcome in a mouse model of focal ischemic stroke. Pregabalin administration (5-10mg/kg, i.p.) 30-90 min after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion reduced infarct volume, neuronal death in the ischemic penumbra and neurological deficits at 24h post-stroke. Pregabalin significantly decreased the amount of Ca(2+)/calpain-mediated α-spectrin proteolysis in the cerebral cortex measured at 6h post-stroke. Together with the extensive clinical experience with pregabalin for other neurological indications, our findings suggest the potential for a therapeutic benefit of pregabalin in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seon Yoon
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Time to Onset of Neuropathic Pain Reduction: A Retrospective Analysis of Data From Nine Controlled Trials of Pregabalin for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Postherpetic Neuralgia. Am J Ther 2010; 17:577-85. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181d5e4f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ohashi-Doi K, Gale JD, Kurebayashi Y. Pregabalin inhibits accelerated defecation and decreased colonic nociceptive threshold in sensitized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 643:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gillies SG, Haddley K, Vasiliou SA, Jacobson GM, von Mentzer B, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. Distinct gene expression profiles directed by the isoforms of the transcription factor neuron-restrictive silencer factor in human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 44:77-90. [PMID: 20652837 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) and its isoforms are differentially regulated in rodent models of self-sustaining status epilepticus (SSSE). NRSF isoforms regulate genes associated with SSSE, including the proconvulsant tachykinins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and multiple ion channels. NRSF isoforms may direct distinct gene expression patterns during SSSE, and the ratio of each isoform may be a causative factor in traumatic damage to the central nervous system. Here, we analysed global gene expression changes by microarray in human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells following the over-expression of NRSF and a truncated isoform, HZ4. We used bioinformatics software to analyse the microarray dataset and correlated these data with epilepsy candidate gene pathways. Findings were validated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated that NRSF and HZ4 direct overlapping as well as distinct gene expression patterns, and that they differentially modulated gene expression patterns associated with epilepsy. Finally, we revealed that NRSF gene expression may be modulated by the anticonvulsant, phenytoin. We have interpreted our data to reflect altered gene expression directed by NRSF that might be relevant for SSSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Gillies
- Division of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology and Division of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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McGeeney BE. Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in older adults: an update on peripherally and centrally acting agents. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 38:S15-27. [PMID: 19671468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The burden of neuropathic pain in older adults is great and the practitioner is challenged to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Many common neuropathic pain syndromes are more prevalent in the older population, and older adults also carry greater sensitivity to certain side effects. The health care professional should have a thorough familiarity with all medications available to treat this difficult group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E McGeeney
- Pain Management Group, Neurology Department, C329, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Taylor CP. Mechanisms of analgesia by gabapentin and pregabalin--calcium channel alpha2-delta [Cavalpha2-delta] ligands. Pain 2009; 142:13-6. [PMID: 19128880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ravnefjord A, Brusberg M, Larsson H, Lindström E, Martínez V. Effects of pregabalin on visceral pain responses and colonic compliance in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:407-16. [PMID: 18574457 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pregabalin, which binds to the alpha2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, increased the threshold for pain during colorectal distension (CRD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. We tested the effects of oral pregabalin on the visceral pain-related viscerosomatic and autonomic cardiovascular responses to CRD and colonic compliance in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The activity of the abdominal musculature (viscerosomatic response), monitored by electromyography and intracolonic manometry, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate, monitored by telemetry, were assessed simultaneously in conscious rats during CRD. KEY RESULTS Pregabalin (10-200 micromol kg(-1), p.o.) inhibited dose dependently the viscerosomatic response to phasic, noxious CRD (12 distensions at 80 mm Hg). At 200 mumol kg(-1), pregabalin also reduced the increase in blood pressure and heart rate associated with noxious CRD. Moreover, pregabalin (200 micromol kg(-1), p.o.) reduced the visceromotor response to ascending phasic CRD (10-80 mm Hg) and significantly increased the threshold pressure for response. During phasic CRD (2-20 mm Hg), pregabalin (200 micromol kg(-1), p.o.) increased intracolonic volume, resulting in a shift to the left of the pressure-volume relationship curve, indicative of an increase of compliance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pregabalin reduced the viscerosomatic and autonomic responses associated with CRD-induced visceral pain and increased colonic compliance in rats. These observations confirm the analgesic activity of pregabalin on visceral pain and support the translational value of the CRD model to humans. Ligands for the alpha2-delta subunit might represent interesting compounds for the treatment of visceral pain disorders, such as IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravnefjord
- AstraZeneca R&D, Integrative Pharmacology--GI Biology, Mölndal, Sweden
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Pregabalin as a neuroprotector after spinal cord injury in rats. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2008; 17:864-72. [PMID: 18351400 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The over-expression of excitotoxic neurotransmitter, such as glutamate, is an important mechanism of secondary injury after spinal cord injury. The authors examined the neuroprotective effect of pregabalin (GP) which is known as to reduce glutamate secretion, in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups; the control group (contusion injury only), the methylprednisolone treated group, the minocycline treated group and the GP treated group. Spinal cord injury was produced by contusion using the New York University impactor (25 g-cm, at the 9th-10th thoracic). Functional evaluations were done using the inclined plane test and a motor rating scale. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by in situ nick-end labeling staining technique (TUNEL) and immunofluorescence staining of cord tissues obtained at 7 days post-injury. Pregabalin treated animals showed significantly better functional recovery, and anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Mean numbers of TUNEL positive cells in the respective groups were 63.5 +/- 7.4, 53.6 +/- 4.0, 44.2 +/- 3.9 and 36.5 +/- 3.6. Double staining (TUNEL and anti-CC1) for oligodendrocyte apoptosis, was used to calculate oligodendrocyte apoptotic indexes (AI), using the following formula AI = (No. of doubly stained cells/No. of anti-CC1 positive cells) x 100. Mean group AIs were 88.6, 46.7, 82.1 and 70.3%, respectively. Mean numbers of activated microglia (anti-OX-42 positive cells) in high power fields were 29.8 +/- 3.9, 22.7 +/- 4.1, 21.0 +/- 3.9 and 17.8 +/- 4.3, respectively. This experiment demonstrates that GP can act as a neuroprotector after SCI in rats, and its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects are related to its neuroprotective effect. Further studies are needed to unveil the specific mechanism involved at the receptor level.
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Garcia-Larrea L, Magnin M. Physiopathologie de la douleur neuropathique : revue des modèles expérimentaux et des mécanismes proposés. Presse Med 2008; 37:315-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Gabapentin Supplemented With Ropivacain Block of Trigger Points Improves Pain Control and Quality of Life in Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients When Compared With Gabapentin Alone. Clin J Pain 2008; 24:64-75. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e318158011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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García K, Nabhani T, García J. The calcium channel alpha2/delta1 subunit is involved in extracellular signalling. J Physiol 2007; 586:727-38. [PMID: 18063658 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.147959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha2/delta1 subunit forms part of the dihydropyridine receptor, an essential protein complex for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal muscle. Because of the lack of a viable knock-out animal, little is known regarding the role of the alpha2/delta1 subunit in EC coupling or in other cell functions. Interestingly, the alpha2/delta1 appears before the alpha1 subunit in development and contains extracellular conserved domains known to be important in cell signalling and inter-protein interactions. These facts raise the possibility that the alpha2/delta1 subunit performs vital functions not associated with EC coupling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the alpha2/delta1 subunit is important for interactions of muscle cells with their environment. Using confocal microscopy, we followed the immunolocalization of alpha2/delta1 and alpha1 subunits with age. We found that in 2-day-old myotubes, the alpha2/delta1 subunit concentrated towards the ends of the cells, while the alpha1 subunit clustered near the centre. As myotubes aged (6-12 days), the alpha2/delta1 became evenly distributed along the myotubes and co-localized with alpha1. When the expression of alpha2/delta1 was blocked with siRNA, migration, attachment and spreading of myoblasts were impaired while the L-type calcium current remained unaffected. The results suggest a previously unidentified role of the alpha2/delta1 subunit in skeletal muscle and support the involvement of this protein in extracellular signalling. This new role of the alpha2/delta1 subunit may be crucial for muscle development, muscle repair and at times in which myoblast attachment and migration are fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly García
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Kaja S, Todorov B, van de Ven RCG, Ferrari MD, Frants RR, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Plomp JJ. Redundancy of Cav2.1 channel accessory subunits in transmitter release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Brain Res 2007; 1143:92-101. [PMID: 17320843 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ca(v)2.1 (P/Q-type) channels possess a voltage-sensitive pore-forming alpha(1) subunit that can associate with the accessory subunits alpha(2)delta, beta and gamma. The primary role of Ca(v)2.1 channels is to mediate transmitter release from nerve terminals both in the central and peripheral nervous system. Whole-cell voltage-clamp studies in in vitro expression systems have indicated that accessory channel subunits can have diverse modulatory effects on membrane expression and biophysical properties of Ca(v)2.1 channels. However, there is only limited knowledge on whether similar modulation also occurs in the specific presynaptic environment in vivo and, hence, whether accessory subunits influence neurotransmitter release. Ducky, lethargic and stargazer are mutant mice that lack functional alpha(2)delta-2, beta(4) and gamma(2) accessory Ca(v) channel subunits, respectively. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral synapse, where transmitter release is governed exclusively by Ca(v)2.1 channels, and which can be characterized electrophysiologically with relative experimental ease. In order to investigate a possible synaptic influence of accessory subunits in detail, we electrophysiologically measured acetylcholine (ACh) release at NMJs of these three mutants. Surprisingly, we did not find any changes compared to wild-type littermates, other than a small reduction (25%) of evoked ACh release at ducky NMJs. This effect is most likely due to the approximately 40% reduced synapse size, associated with the reduced size of ducky mice, rather than resulting directly from reduced Ca(v)2.1 channel function due to alpha(2)delta-2 absence. We conclude that alpha(2)delta-2, beta(4), and gamma(2) accessory subunits are redundant for the transmitter release-mediating function of presynaptic Ca(v)2.1 channels at the mouse NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaja
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Taylor CP, Angelotti T, Fauman E. Pharmacology and mechanism of action of pregabalin: the calcium channel alpha2-delta (alpha2-delta) subunit as a target for antiepileptic drug discovery. Epilepsy Res 2006; 73:137-50. [PMID: 17126531 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pregabalin (Lyrica) is a new antiepileptic drug that is active in animal seizure models. Pregabalin is approved in US and Europe for adjunctive therapy of partial seizures in adults, and also has been approved for the treatment of pain from diabetic neuropathy or post-herpetic neuralgia in adults. Recently, it has been approved for treatment of anxiety disorders in Europe. Pregabalin is structurally related to the antiepileptic drug gabapentin and the site of action of both drugs is similar, the alpha2-delta (alpha2-delta) protein, an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. Pregabalin subtly reduces the synaptic release of several neurotransmitters, apparently by binding to alpha2-delta subunits, and possibly accounting for its actions in vivo to reduce neuronal excitability and seizures. Several studies indicate that the pharmacology of pregabalin requires binding to alpha2-delta subunits, including structure-activity analyses of compounds binding to alpha2-delta subunits and pharmacology in mice deficient in binding at the alpha2-delta Type 1 protein. The preclinical findings to date are consistent with a mechanism that may entail reduction of abnormal neuronal excitability through reduced neurotransmitter release. This review addresses the preclinical pharmacology of pregabalin, and also the biology of the high affinity binding site, and presumed site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Taylor
- Department of CNS Biology, Pfizer Global Research & Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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