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Gao L, Wang H, Fang F, Liu J, Zhao C, Niu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The roles of orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 and A2 in fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112705. [PMID: 39029235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is not a disease but rather an outcome of the pathological tissue repair response. Many myofibroblasts are activated which lead to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin with fibrosis. A variety of organs, including kidney, liver, lung, heart and skin, can undergo fibrosis under the stimulation of exogenous or endogenous pathogenic factors. The orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 (NR4A1) and nuclear receptor 4 group A2(NR4A2)are belong to the nuclear receptor subfamily and inhibit the occurrence and development of fibrosis. NR4A1 is an inhibitory factor of TGF-β signaling transduction. Overexpression of NR4A1 in fibroblasts can reduce TGF-β induced collagen deposition and fibrosis related gene expression. Here, we summarize the current research progress on the NR4A1/2 and fibrosis, providing reference for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jieqi Niu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.
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Drug Repurposing to Inhibit Histamine N-Methyl Transferase. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020576. [PMID: 36677633 PMCID: PMC9867436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lower activity of the histaminergic system is associated with neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the enhancement of histaminergic neurotransmission by inhibition of histamine N-methyl transferase (HNMT), which degrades histamine, appears as an important approach. For this purpose, rigid and flexible molecular docking studies of 185 FDA-approved drugs with the HNMT enzyme were carried out to select two compounds to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate the binding free energies and stability of the enzyme-drug complexes. Finally, an HNMT inhibition assay was performed to corroborate their effect towards HNMT. Molecular docking studies with HNMT allowed the selection of dihydroergotamine and vilazodone since these molecules showed the lowest Gibbs free energy values. Analysis of the binding mode of vilazodone showed interactions with the binding pocket of HNMT with Glu28, Gln143, and Asn283. In contrast, dihydroergotamine binds to the HNMT active site in a different location, apparently because it is overall the more rigid ligand compared to flexible vilazodone. HNMT inhibitory activity for dihydroergotamine and vilazodone was corroborated (IC50 = 72.89 μM and 45.01 μM, respectively) by in vitro assays. Drug repurposing of HNMT was achieved by employing computational studies.
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Neumann J, Kirchhefer U, Dhein S, Hofmann B, Gergs U. The Roles of Cardiovascular H 2-Histamine Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:732842. [PMID: 34987383 PMCID: PMC8720924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses pharmacological, structural and functional relationships among H2-histamine receptors and H1-histamine receptors in the mammalian heart. The role of both receptors in the regulation of force and rhythm, including their electrophysiological effects on the mammalian heart, will then be discussed in context. The potential clinical role of cardiac H2-histamine-receptors in cardiac diseases will be examined. The use of H2-histamine receptor agonists to acutely increase the force of contraction will be discussed. Special attention will be paid to the potential role of cardiac H2-histamine receptors in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, novel findings on the putative role of H2-histamine receptor antagonists in treating chronic heart failure in animal models and patients will be reviewed. Some limitations in our biochemical understanding of the cardiac role of H2-histamine receptors will be discussed. Recommendations for further basic and translational research on cardiac H2-histamine receptors will be offered. We will speculate whether new knowledge might lead to novel roles of H2-histamine receptors in cardiac disease and whether cardiomyocyte specific H2-histamine receptor agonists and antagonists should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Landratsamt Altenburger Land, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Herzchirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Flores-Clemente C, Nicolás-Vázquez MI, Mera Jiménez E, Hernández-Rodríguez M. Inhibition of Astrocytic Histamine N-Methyltransferase as a Possible Target for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1408. [PMID: 34680041 PMCID: PMC8533269 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the principal cause of dementia among the elderly. Great efforts have been established to understand the physiopathology of AD. Changes in neurotransmitter systems in patients with AD, including cholinergic, GABAergic, serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and histaminergic changes have been reported. Interestingly, changes in the histaminergic system have been related to cognitive impairment in AD patients. The principal pathological changes in the brains of AD patients, related to the histaminergic system, are neurofibrillary degeneration of the tuberomammillary nucleus, the main source of histamine in the brain, low histamine levels, and altered signaling of its receptors. The increase of histamine levels can be achieved by inhibiting its degrading enzyme, histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), a cytoplasmatic enzyme located in astrocytes. Thus, increasing histamine levels could be employed in AD patients as co-therapy due to their effects on cognitive functions, neuroplasticity, neuronal survival, neurogenesis, and the degradation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. In this sense, the evaluation of the impact of HNMT inhibitors on animal models of AD would be interesting, consequently highlighting its relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Flores-Clemente
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (C.F.-C.); (E.M.J.)
| | - María Inés Nicolás-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campo 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Elvia Mera Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (C.F.-C.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Maricarmen Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (C.F.-C.); (E.M.J.)
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Sernoskie SC, Jee A, Uetrecht JP. The Emerging Role of the Innate Immune Response in Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:861-896. [PMID: 34016669 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) range from relatively common, mild reactions to rarer, potentially life-threatening adverse effects that pose significant risks to both human health and successful drug discovery. Most frequently, IDRs target the liver, skin, and blood or bone marrow. Clinical data indicate that most IDRs are mediated by an adaptive immune response against drug-modified proteins, formed when chemically reactive species of a drug bind to self-proteins, making them appear foreign to the immune system. Although much emphasis has been placed on characterizing the clinical presentation of IDRs and noting implicated drugs, limited research has focused on the mechanisms preceding the manifestations of these severe responses. Therefore, we propose that to address the knowledge gap between drug administration and onset of a severe IDR, more research is required to understand IDR-initiating mechanisms; namely, the role of the innate immune response. In this review, we outline the immune processes involved from neoantigen formation to the result of the formation of the immunologic synapse and suggest that this framework be applied to IDR research. Using four drugs associated with severe IDRs as examples (amoxicillin, amodiaquine, clozapine, and nevirapine), we also summarize clinical and animal model data that are supportive of an early innate immune response. Finally, we discuss how understanding the early steps in innate immune activation in the development of an adaptive IDR will be fundamental in risk assessment during drug development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although there is some understanding that certain adaptive immune mechanisms are involved in the development of idiosyncratic drug reactions, the early phase of these immune responses remains largely uncharacterized. The presented framework refocuses the investigation of IDR pathogenesis from severe clinical manifestations to the initiating innate immune mechanisms that, in contrast, may be quite mild or clinically silent. A comprehensive understanding of these early influences on IDR onset is crucial for accurate risk prediction, IDR prevention, and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Christine Sernoskie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.P.U.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.J., J.P.U.)
| | - Alison Jee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.P.U.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.J., J.P.U.)
| | - Jack Paul Uetrecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.P.U.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.J., J.P.U.)
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Munoz-Tello P, Lin H, Khan P, de Vera IMS, Kamenecka TM, Kojetin DJ. Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15639-15654. [PMID: 33289551 PMCID: PMC8006468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nurr1/NR4A2 is an orphan nuclear receptor transcription factor implicated as a drug target for neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Previous studies identified small-molecule NR4A nuclear receptor modulators, but it remains unclear if these ligands affect transcription via direct binding to Nurr1. We assessed 12 ligands reported to affect NR4A activity for Nurr1-dependent and Nurr1-independent transcriptional effects and the ability to bind the Nurr1 ligand-binding domain (LBD). Protein NMR structural footprinting data show that amodiaquine, chloroquine, and cytosporone B bind the Nurr1 LBD; ligands that do not bind include C-DIM12, celastrol, camptothecin, IP7e, isoalantolactone, ethyl 2-[2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-(1-octanoyl)phenyl]acetate (TMPA), and three high-throughput screening hit derivatives. Importantly, ligands that modulate Nurr1 transcription also show Nurr1-independent effects on transcription in a cell type-specific manner, indicating that care should be taken when interpreting the functional response of these ligands in transcriptional assays. These findings should help focus medicinal chemistry efforts that desire to optimize Nurr1-binding ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Munoz-Tello
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Pasha Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Ian Mitchelle S. de Vera
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Douglas J. Kojetin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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Gergs U, Kirchhefer U, Bergmann F, Künstler B, Mißlinger N, Au B, Mahnkopf M, Wache H, Neumann J. Characterization of Stressed Transgenic Mice Overexpressing H 2-Histamine Receptors in the Heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:479-488. [PMID: 32561687 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of H2-histamine receptors (H2-TG) by using the α-myosin heavy-chain promoter. We wanted to address whether this overexpression would protect the heart against paradigmatic stressors. To this end, we studied isolated atrial preparations in an organ bath under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and after prolonged exposure to high histamine concentrations. Moreover, we assessed cardiac function using echocardiography in mice with cardiac hypertrophy due to overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-TG) in the heart [H2-TG × PP2A-TG = double transgenic (DT)] or H2-TG with cardiac systolic failure due to treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Furthermore, the effect of ischemia and reperfusion was studied in isolated perfused hearts (Langendorff mode) of H2-TG. We detected evidence for the protective role of the overexpressed H2-histamine receptors in the contractile dysfunction of DT and isolated atrial preparations subjected to hypoxia. In contrast, we noted the detrimental role of H2-histamine receptor overexpression against ischemia (Langendorff perfusion) and LPS-induced systolic heart failure. Hence, the role of H2-histamine receptors in the heart is context-sensitive: the results differ between hypoxia (in atrium) and ischemia (perfused whole heart), as well as between genetically induced hypertrophy (DT) and toxin-induced heart failure (LPS). The underlying molecular mechanisms for the protective or detrimental roles of H2-histamine receptor overexpression in the mammalian heart remain to be elucidated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The beneficial and detrimental effects of the cardiac effects of H2-histamine receptors in the heart under stressful conditions, here intended to mimic clinical situations, were studied. The data suggest that depending on the clinically underlying cardiac pathophysiological mechanisms, H2-histamine agonists or H2-histamine antagonists might merit further research efforts to improve clinical drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Fabian Bergmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Bernhard Künstler
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Natascha Mißlinger
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Bastian Au
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Mareen Mahnkopf
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Hartmut Wache
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (U.G., F.B., B.K., N.M., B.A., M.M., H.W., J.N.) and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany (U.K.)
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Webb GJ, Adams DH. Modeling idiosyncrasy: a novel animal model of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2015; 61:1124-6. [PMID: 25418789 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym J Webb
- Centre for Liver Research & NIHR BRU in Liver Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Tripathi T, Shahid M, Raza A, Khan HM, Khan RA, Mahdi AA, Siddiqui M, Malik A, Khan AA. Dose-dependent effect of histamine on liver function markers in immunized rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:875-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Immunological, biochemical and histopathological evaluation of histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R)-antagonist in rabbit experimental model: A short term study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tripathi T, Shahid M, Khan HM, Khan RA, Siddiqui M, Mahdi AA. The Influence of histamine H1-receptor on liver functions in immunized rabbits. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 18:411-8. [PMID: 23961154 PMCID: PMC3730867 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the functional roles of histamine and histamine H1-receptor agonist and antagonist in the development of liver function impairment in immunized rabbits. The study comprised of six groups containing 18 rabbits each. Group III-VI received histamine (100 μg/kg, s.c.), H1R-agonist (HTMT, 10 μg/kg, s.c.), H1R-antagonist (pheniramine, 10 mg/kg, i.m.), and H1R-antagonist (pheniramine, 10 mg/kg, i.m.) plus histamine (100 μg/kg, s.c.), respectively, b.i.d. for 10 days. Group I (negative control) and group II (positive control) received sterile distilled water intramuscularly b.i.d. for 10 days. Groups II-VI were immunized on day 3 with intravenous injection of SRBC (1 × 10(9) cells/ml). Blood samples were collected on pre-immunization day 0, as well as on days 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, and 58-post-immunization. Biochemical parameters AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin [total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and indirect bilirubin (IB)] were determined. On each experimental day, the mean values of serum enzymes and bilirubin in group I and group II showed no significant changes while in group III, IV, V, and VI, these enzymes and bilirubin levels showed significant changes (p < 0.05), when compared with their experimental values within the group. The levels of serum enzymes and bilirubin showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in group III, IV, V, and VI on each experimental day, when compared with the corresponding values of each other, and also compared with the corresponding values of group I and II. Histamine, HTMT, pheniramine, and combination of histamine + pheniramine cause hepatic function impairment in terms of altered serum enzymes and bilirubin levels. The present findings suggest that HTMT causes moderate liver function impairment while others show mild impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trivendra Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Haris M. Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Rahat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Mashiatullah Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India
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Mori S, Takahashi HK, Nishibori M. [Inducible histamine protects mice from hepatitis through H2-receptor stimulation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:247-53. [PMID: 18239372 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is well known for its roles in allergic diseases and anaphylaxis through H(1)-receptor stimulation. The H(1)-receptor stimulation by histamine results in an increase in vascular permeability, vasodilatation, and stimulation of nerve terminals in primary sensory neurons, thereby accelerating the inflammatory responses. On the other hand, histamine has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of innate and acquired immune responses through H(2)-receptors. In a previous study with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we observed that histamine exerts various regulatory effects on monocyte/macrophage function. In this review, we discuss how inducible histamine protects mice from lethal hepatitis, induced by heat-killed P.acnes (1 mg, i.v.) followed by challenge with a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (1 microg), by reducing the excessive cytokine response in the liver. In addition, from in vivo studies with histidine decarboxylase knockout and H(1)-, H(2)-receptor knockout mice, the protective effect of histamine against fulminant hepatitis is shown to be elicited through H(2)-receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mori
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama City, Japan
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