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Wu H, Cheng X, Huang F, Shao G, Meng Y, Wang L, Wang T, Jia X, Yang T, Wang X, Fu C. Aprepitant Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to the Cytotoxic Effects of Cytosine Arabinoside in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2413-2422. [PMID: 32606608 PMCID: PMC7308242 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s244648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of immature myeloid precursors. The standard treatment for newly diagnosed AML is chemotherapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and anthracyclines with disappointing clinical outcomes and severe adverse effects, such as symptomatic bradycardia, neurotoxicity. Thus, it is promising to treat AML through combination drug therapy to reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapeutics. In our recent published PNAS paper, we reported that NK-1R antagonists, both Aprepitant and SR140333, induce apoptosis of myeloid leukemia cells by inducing oxidative stress through mitochondrial calcium overload. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis of the combination Ara-C with NK-1R antagonist could enhance the efficacy of Ara-C. Methods MTT assay was employed to detect the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the cell cycle and necrosis. PI uptake and LDH release assay were used to detect the disintegration of the plasma membrane. Xenograft model was constructed to explore the effect of combination Ara-C with Aprepitant in vivo. Results Our results showed that Aprepitant sensitizes HL60 cells to the cytotoxic effects of Ara-C more than 5-fold by enhancing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and necrosis in vitro. Furthermore, Nec-1, a specific inhibitor of necroptosis, could recover the cell proliferative viability significantly. Attractively, once every 2-days regimen of Ara-C (5 mg/kg) and Aprepitant (10 mg/kg) via in situ injection dramatically reduced the tumor volume from 2175.0 ± 341.9 mm3 in the vehicle group to 828.4 ± 232.4 mm3 in the combination group without obvious toxicity in human myeloid leukemia xenograft mice. Conclusion Taken together, reduced dose of Ara-C combination with moderate Aprepitant provides more effective therapeutical methods for AML treatment in vitro and in vivo with the elimination of the toxicity of Ara-C, which may pay new avenue for the usage of the routine chemotherapy drug Ara-C with low dose to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xurui Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shao
- Department of Oncology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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Borbély É, Helyes Z. Role of hemokinin-1 in health and disease. Neuropeptides 2017; 64:9-17. [PMID: 27993375 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemokinin-1 (HK-1), the newest tachykinin encoded by the Tac4 gene was discovered in 2000. Its name differs from that of the other members of this peptide family due to its first demonstration in B lymphocytes. Since tachykinins are classically found in the nervous system, the significant expression of HK-1 in blood cells is a unique feature of this peptide. Due to its widespread distribution in the whole body, HK-1 is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological functions involving pain inflammation modulation, immune regulation, respiratory and endocrine functions, as well as tumor genesis. Furthermore, despite the great structural and immunological similarities to substance P (SP), the functions of HK-1 are often different or the opposite. They both have the highest affinity to the tachykinin NK1 receptor, but HK-1 is likely to have a distinct binding site and signalling pathways. Moreover, several actions of HK-1 different from SP have been suggested to be mediated via a presently not identified own receptor/target molecule. Therefore, it is very important to explore its effects at different levels and compare its characteristics with SP to get a deeper insight in the different cellular mechanisms. Since HK-1 has recently been in the focus of intensive research, in the present review we summarize the few clinical data and experimental results regarding HK-1 expression and function in different model systems obtained throughout the 16years of its history. Synthesizing these findings help to understand the complexity of HK-1 actions and determine its biomarker values and/or drug development potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungary
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Wojciechowski P, Szereda-Przestaszewska M, Lipkowski AW. Cardiorespiratory activity of C-terminal pentapeptide of substance P in anaesthetized rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 233:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fu CY, Xia RL, Zhang TF, Lu Y, Zhang SF, Yu ZQ, Jin T, Mou XZ. Hemokinin-1(4-11)-induced analgesia selectively up-regulates δ-opioid receptor expression in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90446. [PMID: 24587368 PMCID: PMC3938741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that an active fragment of human tachykinins (hHK-1(4-11)) produced an opioid-independent analgesia after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection in mice, which has been markedly enhanced by a δ OR antagonist, naltrindole hydrochloride (NTI). In this study, we have further characterized the in vivo analgesia after i.c.v. injection of hHK-1(4-11) in mouse model. Our qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of several ligands and receptors (e.g. PPT-A, PPT-C, KOR, PDYN and PENK) have not changed significantly. Furthermore, neither transcription nor expression of NK1 receptor, MOR and POMC have changed noticeably. In contrast, both mRNA and protein levels of DOR have been up-regulated significantly, indicating that the enhanced expression of δ opioid receptor negatively modulates the analgesia induced by i.c.v. injection of hHK-1(4-11). Additionally, the combinatorial data from our previous and present experiments strongly suggest that the discriminable distribution sites in the central nervous system between hHK-1(4-11) and r/mHK-1 may be attributed to their discriminable analgesic effects. Altogether, our findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the complicated mechanisms regarding the nociceptive modulation of hemokinin-1 as well as its active fragments at supraspinal level, but may also lead to novel pharmacological interventions.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesia
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tachykinins/administration & dosage
- Tachykinins/chemistry
- Tachykinins/genetics
- Tachykinins/metabolism
- Tachykinins/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Fu
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
| | - Rui-Long Xia
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhang
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Fu Zhang
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Center for BioEnergetics, The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
| | - Tao Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
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New tachykinin peptides and nociception. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Song H, Yin W, Zeng Q, Jia H, Lin L, Liu X, Mu L, Wang R. Hemokinins modulate endothelium function and promote angiogenesis through neurokinin-1 receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1410-21. [PMID: 22554585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Substance P as a member of tachykinin family plays an important role in angiogenesis. Hemokinins (HKs) have been identified as new members of substance P-like peptides of tachykinin family. However, the effects of HKs on endothelial cells and angiogenesis have not been studied. For the first time, here we demonstrated that r/mHK-1, hHK-1 and hHK(4-11) dose-dependently stimulated the proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of freshly isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and further exhibited in vivo angiogenic effects in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. The angiogenic effects of HKs were inhibited by the selective antagonist of neurokinin-1 rather than neurokinin-2 receptor. Mechanistically, HKs activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, stimulated nitric oxide production, and upregulated the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HUVECs. Taken together, our data suggest that HKs emerge as pivotal endogenous regulators of angiogenesis and represent potential targets for the intervention of angiogenesis in different pathological conditions given their specific peripheral distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
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Jin Q, Lu L, Yang Y, Dong S. Effects of endokinin A/B, endokinin C/D, and endomorphin-1 on the regulation of mean arterial blood pressure in rats. Peptides 2011; 32:2428-35. [PMID: 22037058 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endokinins are four novel human tachykinins, including endokinins A (EKA), B (EKB), C (EKC), and D (EKD). Endokinin A/B (EKA/B) is the common C-terminal decapeptide in EKA and EKB, while endokinin C/D (EKC/D) is the common C-terminal duodecapeptide in EKC and EKD. In this study, we attempted to investigate the interactions between EKA/B, EKC/D, and endomorphin-1 (EM-1) on the depressor effect at peripheral level. The effects of EKA/B produced a U-shaped curve. The maximal effect was caused by 10 nmol/kg. EKC/D and EM-1 showed a dose-dependent relationship. Co-administration of EKA/B (0.1, 1, 10 nmol/kg) with EM-1 produced effects similar to those of EKA/B alone but slightly lower. Co-injection of EKA/B (100 nmol/kg) with EM-1 caused an effect stronger than any separate injection. Co-administration of EKC/D (10 nmol/kg) with EM-1 (30 nmol/kg) caused a depressor effect, which was one of the tradeoffs of EM-1 and EKC/D. Mechanism studies showed that SR140333B could block the depressor effects of EKA/B, EKC/D, EM-1, EKA/B+EM-1, and EKC/D+EM-1; SR48968C could block EM-1, EKA/B, EKC/D, and EKC/D+EM-1 and partially block EKA/B+EM-1; SR142801 could block EM-1, EKC/D, and EKC/D+EM-1 and partially block EKA/B and EKA/B+EM-1; naloxone could block EM-1, EKC/D, and EKC/D+EM-1 and partially block EKA/B and EKA/B+EM-1. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester partially decreased depressor intensity and half-recovery time of EKA/B and EKC/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences
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Kong ZQ, Yang WL, Tao Y, Shi XM, Fu CY, Zhao RF, Wang R. Effects of rat/mouse hemokinin-1, human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, on rate and perfusion pressure in the isolated guinea pig heart. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:437-44. [PMID: 20471676 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rat/mouse hemokinin-1 (r/m HK-1), human hemokinin-1 (h HK-1) and human hemokinin-1(4-11) (h HK-1(4-11)) are members of the tachykinin family. In the present study, the coronary vascular activities and cardiac functions of r/m HK-1, h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) were investigated in isolated, spontaneously beating guinea pig hearts. Bolus injections of r/m HK-1 caused decrease in perfusion pressure indicative of coronary vasodilation, which was primarily due to the action on tachykinin NK1 receptors on vascular endothelial cells, causing the release of nitric oxide that relaxed the coronary vessels. H HK-1 caused biphasic perfusion pressure changes that were coronary vasodilation followed by coronary vasoconstriction. The mechanisms involved in the vasodilation induced by h HK-1 were similar to that of r/m HK-1 while the mechanisms for coronary vasoconstriction were mediated through the activation of tachykinin NK2 receptors on coronary sympathetic neurons to release catecholamines. H HK-1(4-11) only produced coronary vasoconstriction and the mechanisms involved in this effect were similar to that of h HK-1 in vasoconstriction. Moreover, r/m HK-1 and h HK-1 produced similar decreases in heart rate indicative of negative chronotropic responses and the decreases were mainly mediated through the activation of tachykinin NK1 receptors to release ACh acting on muscarinic receptors. H HK-1(4-11) also produced negative chronotropic response, which was mainly mediated through tachykinin NK2 receptors and muscarinic receptors. Our present results provide evidence that all of the three tachykinins could influence cardiac function and coronary vascular activity in the isolated guinea pig heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Jin L, Jin BQ, Song CJ, Zhang Y. Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Generated Against Mouse/Rat Hemokinin-1. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2009; 28:259-67. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2009.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-quan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao-jun Song
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Bei Jing, China
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Kong ZQ, Han M, Yang WL, Zhao YL, Fu CY, Tao Y, Chen Q, Wang R. In vitro characterization of the effects of rat/mouse hemokinin-1 on mouse colonic contractile activity: a comparison with substance P. Neuropeptides 2009; 43:213-20. [PMID: 19394690 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rat/mouse hemokinin-1 (r/m HK-1) has been identified as a member of the tachykinin family and its effect in colonic contractile activity remains unknown. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of actions of r/m HK-1 on the mouse colonic contractile activity in vitro by comparing it with that of substance P (SP). R/m HK-1 induced substantial contractions on the circular muscle of mouse colon. The maximal contractile responses to r/m HK-1 varied significantly among proximal-, mid- and distal-colon, suggesting that the action of r/m HK-1 was region-specific in mouse colon. The contractile response induced by r/m HK-1 is primarily via activation of tachykinin NK(1) receptors leading to activation of cholinergic excitatory pathways and with a minor contribution of NK(2) receptors, which may be on the smooth muscle itself. A direct action on colonic smooth muscles may be also involved. In contrast, SP induced biphasic colonic responses (contractile and relaxant responses) on the circular muscle, in which the contractile action of SP was equieffective with r/m HK-1. SP exerted its contractile effect predominantly through neural and muscular tachykinin NK(1) receptors, but unlike r/m HK-1 did not appear to act via NK(2) receptors. The relaxation induced by SP was largely due to release of nitric oxide (NO) produced via an action on neural NK(1) receptors. These results indicate that the receptors and the activation properties involved in r/m HK-1-induced mouse colonic contractile activity are different from those of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Fu CY, Zhao YL, Dong L, Chen Q, Ni JM, Wang R. In vivo characterization of the effects of human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, on the modulation of pain in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:850-60. [PMID: 18262387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hemokinin-1 (h HK-1) and its truncated form h HK-1(4-11) are mammalian tachykinin peptides encoded by the recently identified TAC4 gene in human, and the biological functions of these peptides have not been well investigated. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) in pain modulation at the supraspinal level in mice using the tail immersion test. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of h HK-1 (0.3, 1, 3 and 6 nmol/mouse) produced a dose- and time-related antinociceptive effect. This effect was significantly antagonized by the NK(1) receptor antagonist SR140333, but not by the NK(2) receptor antagonist SR48968, indicating that the analgesic effect induced by i.c.v. h HK-1 is mediated through the activation of NK(1) receptors. Interestingly, naloxone, beta-funaltrexamine and naloxonazine, but not naltrindole and nor-binaltorphimine, could also block the analgesic effect markedly, suggesting that this effect is related to descending mu opioidergic neurons (primary mu(1) subtype). Human HK-1(4-11) could also induce a dose- and time-dependent analgesic effect after i.c.v. administration, however, the potency of analgesia was less than h HK-1. Surprisingly, SR140333 could not modify this analgesic effect, suggesting that this effect is not mediated through the NK(1) receptors like h HK-1. SR48968 could modestly enhance the analgesic effect induced by h HK-1(4-11), indicating that a small amount of h HK-1(4-11) may bind to NK(2) receptors. Furthermore, none of the opioid receptor (OR) antagonists could markedly block the analgesia of h HK-1(4-11), suggesting that the analgesic effect is not mediated through the descending opioidergic neurons. Blocking of delta ORs significantly enhanced the analgesia, indicating that delta OR is a negatively modulatory factor in the analgesic effect of h HK-1(4-11). It is striking that bicuculline (a competitive antagonist at GABA(A) receptors) effectively blocked the analgesia induced by h HK-1(4-11), suggesting that this analgesic effect is mediated through the descending inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The novel mechanism involved in the analgesic effect of h HK-1(4-11), which is different from that of h HK-1, may pave the way for a new strategy for the investigation and control of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Y Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Kong ZQ, Fu CY, Chen Q, Wang R. Cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of human hemokinin-1 and its truncated form hemokinin-1(4-11) in anesthetized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:310-6. [PMID: 18582457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human hemokinin-1 and its carboxy-terminal fragment human hemokinin-1(4-11) have been recently identified as the members of the tachykinin family. The peripheral cardiovascular effects of these two tachykinin peptides were investigated in anesthetized rats. Lower doses of human hemokinin-1 (0.1-3 nmol/kg) injected intravenously (i.v.) induced depressor response, whereas higher doses (10 and 30 nmol/kg) caused biphasic (depressor and pressor) responses. The depressor response is primarily due to the action on endothelial tachykinin NK(1) receptor to release endothelium-derived relaxing factor (NO) and vagal reflex was absent in this modulation. The pressor response is mediated through the activation of tachykinin NK(1) receptor to release catecholamines from sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Moreover, human hemokinin-1 injected i.v. produced a dose-dependent tachycardia response along with blood pressure responses and the activation of sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla are involved in the tachycardia response. Human hemokinin-1(4-11) only lowered mean arterial pressure dose-dependently (0.1-30 nmol/kg) and the mechanisms involved in the depressor response are similar to that of human hemokinin-1. Additionally, human hemokinin-1(4-11) could also produce tachycardia response dose-dependently and the mechanisms involved in the tachycardia response are similar to that of human hemokinin-1 except that bilateral adrenalectomy could not affect the tachycardia markedly, indicating that the tachycardia induced by human hemokinin-1(4-11) is primarily due to the stimulation of sympathetic ganglia. In a word, to a certain extent, human hemokinin-1(4-11) is the active fragment of human hemokinin-1, however, the differences between human hemokinin-1 and hemokinin-1(4-11) involved in the effects of cardiovascular system suggest that the divergent amino acid residues at the N-terminus of human hemokinin-1 produced different activation properties for tachykinin NK(1) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ursavas A. Upregulating substance P levels to treat obstructive sleep apnea. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:583-8. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.5.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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