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Boccardi V, Poli G, Cecchetti R, Bastiani P, Scamosci M, Febo M, Mazzon E, Bruscoli S, Brancorsini S, Mecocci P. miRNAs and Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring the Role of Inflammation and Vitamin E in an Old-Age Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030634. [PMID: 36771341 PMCID: PMC9919026 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia worldwide and represents one of the leading factors for severe disability in older persons. Although its etiology is not fully known yet, AD may develop due to multiple factors, including inflammation and oxidative stress, conditions where microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to play a pivotal role as a molecular switch. All these aspects may be modulated by nutritional factors. Among them, vitamin E has been widely studied in AD, given the plausibility of its various biological functions in influencing neurodegeneration. From a cohort of old-aged people, we measured eight vitamin E forms (tocopherols and tocotrienols), thirty cytokines/chemokines, and thirteen exosome-extracted miRNAs in plasma of subjects suffering from subjects affected by AD and age-matched healthy controls (HC). The sample population included 80 subjects (40 AD and 40 HC) with a mean age of 77.6 ± 3.8 years, mostly women (45; 56.2%). Of the vitamin E forms, only α-tocopherol differed between groups, with significantly lower levels in AD. Regarding the examined inflammatory molecules, G-CSF, GM-CSF, INF-α2, IL-3, and IL-8 were significantly higher and IL-17 lower in AD than HC. Among all miRNAs examined, AD showed downregulation of miR-9, miR-21, miR29-b, miR-122, and miR-132 compared to controls. MiR-122 positively and significantly correlated with some inflammatory molecules (GM-CSF, INF-α2, IL-1α, IL-8, and MIP-1β) as well as with α-tocopherol even after correction for age and gender. A final binary logistic regression analysis showed that α-tocopherol serum levels were associated with a higher AD probability and partially mediated by miR-122. Our results suggest an interplay between α-tocopherol, inflammatory molecules, and microRNAs in AD, where miR-122 may be a good candidate as modulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0755783524
| | - Giulia Poli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bastiani
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Scamosci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Febo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Stefano Brancorsini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS Department, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kaura S, Parle M, Insa R, Yadav BS, Sethi N. Neuroprotective effect of goat milk. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nutrients in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9874159. [PMID: 31565158 PMCID: PMC6746160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9874159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease caused by the complex interaction of multiple mechanisms, some of which are still not fully understood. To date, pharmacological treatments and supplementation of individual nutrients have been poorly effective in terms of the prevention and treatment of AD, while alternative strategies based on multimodal approaches (diet, exercise, and cognitive training) seem to be more promising. In this context, the focus on dietary patterns rather than on single food components could be more useful in preventing or counteracting the pathological processes typical of AD, thanks to the potential synergistic effects of various nutrients (neuronutrients). The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the currently existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, which are three dietary patterns with well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, they have been related to brain protection and AD prevention, perhaps thanks to their high content of neuroprotective bioactive compounds. Similarly, intermittent fasting (IF) or calorie restriction (CR) is emerging as interesting approaches that seem to promote hippocampal neurogenesis, activate adaptive stress response systems, and enhance neuronal plasticity, thus leading to motor and cognitive improvements in animal models of AD and hopefully also in human beings.
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Testad I, Kajander M, Froiland CT, Corbett A, Gjestsen MT, Anderson JG. Nutritional Interventions for Persons With Early-Stage Dementia or Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2019; 12:259-268. [PMID: 31545384 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20190813-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at particular risk of malnutrition and weight loss. Clinical research concerning the role and impact of nutritional intervention in early-stage ADRD, specifically on cognition and key symptoms such as behavior, is less straightforward. Thus, an integrative review was conducted to examine the literature pertaining to nutritional interventions for persons with ADRD and to make recommendations for priority areas for future research and practice. Findings from the studies reviewed highlight multiple potential opportunities for improving nutritional status and support for persons with ADRD living in the community. Despite the small amount of evidence, the six studies identified in the current review suggest a broad benefit may be conferred through educational approaches and nutritional supplementation. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(5):259-268.].
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Zhang ZH, Wu QY, Chen C, Zheng R, Chen Y, Ni JZ, Song GL. Comparison of the effects of selenomethionine and selenium-enriched yeast in the triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2018; 9:3965-3973. [PMID: 29974078 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that exhibits multiple pathogeneses and heterogeneity. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human and animal nutrition. It has been shown that supplementation with two organic forms of Se, Se-enriched yeast (Se-yeast) and selenomethionine (Se-Met), could improve cognitive impairment, reverse synaptic deficits and mitigate tau pathology in triple-transgenic (3× Tg) AD mice. Se-yeast is well known for its high Se-Met content, which may mediate its anti-AD effects. In addition, a large amount of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of these two Se drugs in the amelioration AD pathology remains unknown. In this study, the content of Se-yeast aside from Se was analyzed, and the effects of Se-Met and Se-yeast on 3× Tg-AD mice were investigated and compared. The results showed that both Se-Met and Se-yeast not only significantly increased the Se levels, enhanced the antioxidant capacity and improved the cognitive decline in the model, but also decreased the Aβ and tau pathologies in the brain tissue of the AD mice. Moreover, the ability of Se-Met to increase the Se levels in different tissues of the AD mice was more significant than that of Se-yeast. However, the positive effect of Se-yeast on improving the cognitive ability of the AD mice was better than that of Se-Met, likely due to the various elements, vitamins and other nutrients in Se-yeast. Collectively, these results suggest that Se-yeast has potential as a clinical health product or drug for AD but that Se-Met, as a pure organic Se compound, is more suitable for studying the therapeutic mechanism of Se because of its comprehensive effects on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Leon AM, Medina WT, Park DJ, Aguilera JM. Properties of microparticles from a whey protein isolate/alginate emulsion gel. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2018; 24:414-423. [PMID: 29486594 DOI: 10.1177/1082013218762210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Designing soft, palatable and nutritious texture-modified foods for the elderly is a challenge for food technologists. The aim of this work was to produce and characterize emulsion-gelled microparticles (EGM) made from whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) that may be used to modify the rheology of liquid foods and as carriers of lipids and lipophilic nutrients and bioactives. Olive oil microdroplets became embedded in the WPI/NaAlg gel matrix in the form of an emulsion produced by ultrasound (US) or high-speed blending (HSB). Oil microdroplets were obtained by US and HSB, with an average equivalent diameter varying between 2.0-3.2 µm and 4.5-6.7 µm, respectively. Oil incorporation increased compression stress of bulk emulsion gels at small deformations compared to the no-oil microgel, but this effect was reversed at high strains. EGM were prepared by shear-induced size reduction. Rheological tests at 20 ℃ and 40 ℃ showed that US-EGM and HSB-EGM exhibited a predominant elastic behavior, with G' > G″ throughout the frequency range. However, when HSB-EGM were heated at 60 ℃ their rheological behavior changed to a more fluid-like condition, but not that of US-EGM. Consequently, EGM have the properties needed to improve food texture for people with masticatory/swallowing dysfunctions or needing special nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Leon
- 1 Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,2 Department of Agroindustries, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Peru
| | - Wenceslao T Medina
- 2 Department of Agroindustries, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Peru
| | - Dong J Park
- 3 Korean Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - José M Aguilera
- 1 Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Athari Nik Azm S, Djazayeri A, Safa M, Azami K, Djalali M, Sharifzadeh M, Vafa M. Probiotics improve insulin resistance status in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:103. [PMID: 29951404 PMCID: PMC6014785 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as Type 3 diabetes in which insulin resistance is the common cause of both diseases. Disruption of insulin signaling cascade and insulin resistance can induce AD; and central insulin resistance causes systemic alterations in serum insulin, FBS levels, and lipid profile. Studies have shown that probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species) can be used as a nutritional approach to improve these metabolic changes. We assessed the probiotic effect (4 species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) on insulin resistance biomarkers in an experimental model of AD. Methods: A total of 60 rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) a control group without surgical and dietary intervention; (2) a controlprobiotics group receiving probiotics for 8 weeks, but not receiving any surgical intervention; (3) a group receiving a sham operation in which PBS was injected intrahippocampus but without dietary intervention; (4) an Alzheimer group for which Amyloid-ß (Aß) 1- 42 was injected intrahippocampus but without dietary intervention; (5) and an Alzheimer-probiotics group for which Aß1-42 was injected intrahippocampus and given 2g probiotics for 8 weeks. The FBS levels and lipid profile were measured by a calorimetric method, insulin levels were detected by an ELISA kit, and HOMA-IR was calculated using a formula. ANOVA (one way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni comparisons post hoc) was used to compare all the variables between groups. Results: Serum glucose, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index increased in the Alzheimer group compared to the control (p<0.001), while probiotics decreased only insulin level and HOMA-IR index in AP group compared to Alzheimer group (p<0.001). Also, TG levels increased in the Alzheimer group (p<0.001), but no significant difference was detected between Alzheimer and Alzheimerprobiotics group. Conclusion: It seems that probiotics play an effective role in controlling glycemic status of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Athari Nik Azm
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayeri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Hematology Department, School of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Azami
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nutrition and AGE-ing: Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7039816. [PMID: 28168012 PMCID: PMC5266861 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7039816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the role of food and nutrition in preventing or delaying chronic disability in the elderly population has received great attention. Thanks to their ability to influence biochemical and biological processes, bioactive nutrients are considered modifiable factors capable of preserving a healthy brain status. A diet rich in vitamins and polyphenols and poor in saturated fatty acids has been recommended. In the prospective of a healthy diet, cooking methods should be also considered. In fact, cooking procedures can modify the original dietary content, contributing not only to the loss of healthy nutrients, but also to the formation of toxins, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These harmful compounds are adsorbed at intestinal levels and can contribute to the ageing process. The accumulation of AGEs in ageing (“AGE-ing”) is further involved in the exacerbation of neurodegenerative and many other chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss food's dual role as both source of bioactive nutrients and reservoir for potential toxic compounds—paying particular attention to the importance of proper nutrition in preventing/delaying Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we focus on the importance of a good education in processing food in order to benefit from the nutritional properties of an optimal diet.
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Giulietti A, Vignini A, Nanetti L, Mazzanti L, Di Primio R, Salvolini E. Alzheimer's Disease Risk and Progression: The Role of Nutritional Supplements and their Effect on Drug Therapy Outcome. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:177-90. [PMID: 26415975 PMCID: PMC4825948 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150928155321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population. Despite significant advancements in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of AD, the pathology still lacks treatments that can slow down or reverse the progression of cognitive deterioration. Recently, the relationship between nutrient deficiency and dementia onset has been highlighted. AD is in fact a multifactorial pathology, so that a multi-target approach using combinations of micronutrients and drugs could have beneficial effects on cognitive function in neurodegenerative brain disorders leading to synaptic degeneration. Primarily, this review examines the most recent literature regarding the effects of nutrition on the risk/progression of the disease, focusing attention mostly on antioxidants agents, polyunsaturated fatty acids and metals. Secondly, it aims to figure out if nutritional supplements might have beneficial effects on drug therapy outcome. Even if nutritional supplements showed contrasting evidence of a likely effect of decreasing the risk of AD onset that could be studied more deeply in other clinical trials, no convincing data are present about their usefulness in combination with drug therapies and their effectiveness in slowing down the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L Mazzanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona, Italy.
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Semighini EP. In SilicoDesign of Beta-Secretase Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:284-90. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Pizeta Semighini
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; USP; Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
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Jansen S, Ball L, Desbrow B, Morgan K, Moyle W, Hughes R. Nutrition and dementia care: Informing dietetic practice. Nutr Diet 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jansen
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation Griffith University Australia
| | - Lauren Ball
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation Griffith University Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation Griffith University Australia
| | | | - Wendy Moyle
- Centre for Health Practice Innovation Griffith University Australia
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Venturini L, Perna S, Sardi F, Faliva M, Cavagna P, Bernardinelli L, Ricevuti G, Rondanelli M. Alzheimer's Disease: From Genes to Nutrition. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is widely identified as the most common cause of sporadic dementia. Its aetiology is still debated, as despite several hypotheses, different factors seem to play a role in its establishment and development. Recent studies have proposed a possible preventing role of nutrition. The weight loss typical of earlier phase of disease and the finding of malnutrition as a common trait between patients leads to hypothesize that a supplementation of specific nutrients seems to be useful and effective in terms of improvement of cognitive functions. Malnourished patients show also altered parameters when investigating inflammation markers: for example, hyperhomocysteinemia is a typical finding in elderly affected by dementia, and it can be prevented and corrected by using a proper nutrients supplementation. Pro-inflammatory state can be reduced with supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins of the group B and phosphatidylserine, that can act reducing IL-1β (pro-inflammatory cytokine) and improving IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) synthesis. While investigating the role of nutrition, it seems to be deeply linked with genetic; a genetic onset AD-related could be latent and can be influenced by nutritional attitude. AD can be considered a sort of latent clinical condition that would disclose or not, depending also on micro-environment and nutritional parameters. The genetic expression can be influenced by assumptions or not of specific nutrients, with the promotion of different pro- or anti-inflammatory settings. The specific role of each micronutrient (in particular vitamins) and trace elements still needs to be punctuated, as they are involved in a pool of different reactions. Also genes acts not independently but in an interconnected pattern, in which the role of a single gene needs to be cleared, depending on others. This complex system of predisposing conditions and a possible role of nutrition as modulator of the inflammatory state is the object of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Venturini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Therapeutics, Cellular Phatophysiology and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - S. Perna
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - F. Sardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Therapeutics, Cellular Phatophysiology and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - M.A. Faliva
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Cavagna
- DSSAP Department of Applied and Phychic Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - L. Bernardinelli
- DSSAP Department of Applied and Phychic Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Therapeutics, Cellular Phatophysiology and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy
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Mi W, van Wijk N, Cansev M, Sijben JW, Kamphuis PJ. Nutritional approaches in the risk reduction and management of Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition 2013; 29:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Combination of proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod and l-cysteine ameliorates memory impairment induced by alcohol and scopolamine in mice. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to elucidate the relationship between VaD and various nutritional factors based on epidemiological studies. BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. The prevalence of VaD continues to increase as the US population continues to grow and age. Currently, control of potential risk factors is believed to be the most effective means of preventing VaD. Thus, identification of modifiable risk factors for VaD is crucial for development of effective treatment modalities. Nutrition is one of the main modifiable variables that may influence the development of VaD. METHODS A systematic review of literature was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus databases with search parameters inclusive of vascular dementia, nutrition, and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). RESULTS Fourteen articles were found that proposed a potential role of specific nutritional components in VaD. These components included antioxidants, lipids, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and fish consumption. Antioxidants, specifically Vitamin E and C, and fatty fish intake were found to be protective against VaD risk. Fried fish, elevated homocysteine, and lower levels of folate and vitamin B12 were associated with increased VaD. Evidence for dietary lipids was inconsistent, although elevated midlife serum cholesterol may increase risk, while late-life elevated serum cholesterol may be associated with decreased risk of VaD. CONCLUSION Currently, the most convincing evidence as to the relationship between VaD and nutrition exists for micronutrients, particularly Vitamin E and C. Exploration of nutrition at the macronutrient level and additional long term prospective cohort studies are warranted to better understand the role of nutrition in VaD disease development and progression. At present, challenges in this research include limitations in sample size, which was commonly cited. Also, a variety of diagnostic criteria for VaD were employed in the studies reviewed, indicating the need for constructing a correct nosological definition of VaD for consistency and conformity in future studies and accurate clinical diagnosis of VaD.
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Corsinovi L, Biasi F, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G, Isaia G. Dietary lipids and their oxidized products in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S161-72. [PMID: 21954186 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest form of dementia in the elderly, characterized by memory dysfunction, loss of lexical access, spatial and temporal disorientation, and impaired judgment. A growing body of scientific literature addresses the implication of dietary habits in the pathogenesis of AD. This review reports recent findings concerning the modulation of AD development by dietary lipids, in animals and humans, focusing on the pathogenetic role of lipid oxidation products. Oxidative breakdown products of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs), and cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols), might play a role in favoring β-amyloid deposition, a hallmark of AD's onset and progression. Conversely, ω-3 PUFAs appear to contribute to preventing and treating AD. However, high concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs can also produce oxidized derivatives reacting with important functions of nervous cells. Thus, altered balances between cholesterol and oxysterols, and between ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs must be considered in AD's pathophysiology. The use of a diet with an appropriate ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio, rich in healthy oils, fish and antioxidants, such as flavonoids, but low in cholesterol-containing foods, can be a beneficial component in the clinical strategies of prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corsinovi
- Internal Medicine Division, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
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Apolipoprotein E: Implications for AD neurobiology, epidemiology and risk assessment. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:778-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lindesay J, Bullock R, Daniels H, Emre M, Förstl H, Frölich L, Gabryelewicz T, Martínez-Lage P, Monsch AU, Tsolaki M, van Laar T. Turning principles into practice in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64:1198-209. [PMID: 20529136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia is reaching epidemic proportions globally, but there remain a number of issues that prevent people with dementia, their families and caregivers, from taking control of their condition. In 2008, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) launched a Global Alzheimer's Disease Charter, which comprises six principles that underscore the urgency for a more ambitious approach to diagnosis, treatment and care. This review highlights some of the most important aspects and challenges of dementia diagnosis and treatment. These issues are reviewed in light of the six principles of the recent ADI Charter: promoting dementia awareness and understanding; respecting human rights; recognizing the key role of families and caregivers; providing access to health and social care; stressing the importance of optimal diagnosis and treatment; and preventing dementia through improvements in public health. The authors continue to hope that, one day, a cure for Alzheimer's disease will be found. Meanwhile, healthcare professionals need to unite in rising to the challenge of managing all cases of dementia, using the tools available to us now to work toward improved patient care.
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Scheltens P, Kamphuis PJGH, Verhey FRJ, Olde Rikkert MGM, Wurtman RJ, Wilkinson D, Twisk JWR, Kurz A. Efficacy of a medical food in mild Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. Alzheimers Dement 2010; 6:1-10.e1. [PMID: 20129316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a medical food on cognitive function in people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 225 drug-naïve AD patients participated in this randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Patients were randomized to active product, Souvenaid, or a control drink, taken once-daily for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the delayed verbal recall task of the Wechsler Memory Scale-revised, and the 13-item modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale at week 12. RESULTS At 12 weeks, significant improvement in the delayed verbal recall task was noted in the active group compared with control (P = .021). Modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale and other outcome scores (e.g., Clinician Interview Based Impression of Change plus Caregiver Input, 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Alzheimer's disease Co-operative Study-Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease) were unchanged. The control group neither deteriorated nor improved. Compliance was excellent (95%) and the product was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with a medical food including phosphatide precursors and cofactors for 12 weeks improved memory (delayed verbal recall) in mild AD patients. This proof-of-concept study justifies further clinical trials.
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Abstract
Nutrition can affect the brain throughout the life cycle, with profound implications for mental health and degenerative disease. Many aspects of nutrition, from entire diets to specific nutrients, affect brain structure and function. The present short review focuses on recent insights into the role of nutrition in cognition and mental health and is divided into four main sections. First, the importance of nutritional balance and nutrient interactions to brain health are considered by reference to the Mediterranean diet, energy balance, fatty acids and trace elements. Many factors modulate the effects of nutrition on brain health and inconsistencies between studies can be explained in part by differences in early environment and genetic variability. Thus, these two factors are considered in the second and third parts of the present review. Finally, recent findings on mechanisms underlying the actions of nutrition on the brain are considered. These mechanisms involve changes in neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and brain plasticity. Advances in understanding the critical role of nutrition in brain health will help to fulfil the potential of nutrition to optimise brain function, prevent dysfunction and treat disease.
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